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At least 1,135 records · Page 63Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Muscular abnormalities of the small intestine. Their possible role in ischemic lesions of the intestine].

An association was noticed between ischaemic lesions of the gut and perivascular and entero-mesenteric smooth muscle bundles in the intestinal wall which has not been reported in the literature. Having observed these abnormalities in two ischaemic intestinal specimens, a retrospective study was undertaken to determine their frequency. 148 specimens from 137 patients with ischaemic lesions, covering a period of five years, were examined. 33 specimens were devoid of abnormal muscular structures. Among the remaining 115 specimens, 66 (57,4%) presented perivascular bundles at different levels of the thickness of the wall and/or mesentery. Some of these bundles contained nerve plexuses. 25 specimens had entero-mesenteric bundles. Of a control group of 67 surgical specimens devoid of ischaemic lesions, 17 had perivascular bundles and 8 entero-mesenteric structures. It is postulated that the abnormal perivascular structures may contribute to the genesis of the ischaemic gut lesions. The entero-mesenteric bundles may serve simply as anchors in the mesentery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Animal experiments with ligation of intestinal segments to study absorption of alpha-amino-iso-butyric acid by intestinal mucosa of foetus (author's transl)].

The authors developed an animal model with ligation of intestinal segments of guinea pig foetuses. Evidence was found to the effect that amino acids were absorbed in high concentrations by foetal jejunum. A peculiar aspect, additionally detected, was relating to the capability of foetal intestinal mucosa to absorb large-molecular substances, such as inulin.

Aminobutyrates↗
PubMed1995

Intestinal strontium absorption: from bioavailability to validation of a simple test representative for intestinal calcium absorption.

Calcium absorption tests have rarely been validated for being representative for absolute bioavailability (true absorption) or for intraindividual variation. Therefore, we investigated the reproducibility of the absolute bioavailability of strontium chloride, a marker for intestinal calcium absorption, in healthy male volunteers (n = 8) by measuring the area under the plasma strontium concentration-time curve after oral and intravenous administration of strontium. Subsequently, we selected a simple test variable as being representative of absolute bioavailability. The mean absolute bioavailability (+/- SD) was 25% +/- 7%. The best test variable appeared to be the fractional absorption at 240 min (Fc240) after oral intake, which demonstrated the highest correlation with absolute bioavailability (r = 0.66). The intraindividual variations of the data for this variable and for the absolute bioavailability are similar to those described for various absorption tests based on the use of calcium isotopes. Thus, the Fc240 of strontium offers the potential of a simple clinical test for use as a measure of intestinal calcium absorption and its modulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Surgical options in the treatment of short bowel syndrome with loss of the ileocecal valve. Intestinal valve, intestinal duplication].

Morbidity and mortality are especially increased in pediatric patients affected of short bowel syndrome in whom ileocecal valve was resected. This report concerns 13 infants and children with short gut syndrome with ileocecal valve resected treated in the last 4 years. In two of them we performed intestinal duplication and in seven an antireflux intestinal valve with a segment of bowel. With that procedure we achieved a significant shortening of the hospital stay as well as reduction in time and quantity of total parenteral nutrition. The rest of the patients were treated with conservative management.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1994

[Intestinal surgery in the treatment of stenoses of the small intestine in Crohn disease].

Strictureplasty is an alternative to extensive and/or multiple small bowel resections in the surgical treatment of Crohn's disease. We here report a series of 22 patients (12 M-10 F--mean age years: 28). All patients had a non-perforative form of Crohn's disease lasting for a mean of 8 years. Nine out of 22 had had previous intestinal resection. A total of 201 stenosis was identified during peroperative examination (mean per patient: 9). Only tight stenoses (diameter < 2 cms) were treated while others were left untouched (n = 22 in 11 patients). Eighty-three stenoses were treated by short strictureplasty and 24 by long strictureplasty using steel thread. One or several resections were simultaneously performed in 15 patients. Mortality was nil. A post operative abscess without loosened suture was drained. The mean follow-up in the 22 patients was 24 months (3-7 years). Clinical and radiological symptoms of stenosis were relieved after strictureplasty. Clinical recurrence occurred in 5 patients among 12 followed-up more than 2 years. Subsequent surgery was required in 4: in one case hemorrhagic ulceration developed within a long strictureplasty and in 3 others stenosis developed in plasty areas but also in previously healthy areas. In conclusion, strictureplasty is a short and long-term efficient procedure in the treatment of Crohn's disease stenosis. It allows limiting extensive intestinal resection. A more prolonged follow-up is needed in order to evaluate the rate of long-term recurrence and complications that would limit the interest of this technique.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Solitary intestinal fibromatosis: an unusual cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction].

We report a new case of solitary intestinal fibromatosis (SIF) in a neonate with intestinal obstruction in the first day of life. At the laparotomy was found to be due to a solid mass in the jejunum. A segmental jejunal resection with anastomosis was performed. Histologic examination showed a SIF. The postoperative course was excellent in contrast to cases of congenital fibromatosis with multiples lesions, which carries a poor prognosis.

Female↗
PubMed1977

Compensation by the residual intestine after intestinal resection in the rat. II. Influence of postoperative time interval.

The sequence of events which comprise the early response of the residual intestine to 70% resection of the combined jejunum and ileum was investigated. Animals were killed at 2,4,6,8, and 12 postoperative days. Marked increases in DNA synthesis expressed as disintegraions per minute per crypt, cells per cyrypt column, labeled cells per crypt column, thickness of intestinal wall components, and cells per villus column were apparent as early as 2 to 4 postoperative days. By 12 days, the values had reached the 30-day postoperative levels found in earlier experiments, indicating that a new steady state had already been reached. Jejunal and ileal crypts responded nearly the same during the first 12 days with their sizes increasing to about 150% of control values. However, although jejunal villus cell counts increased to 125% of controls, the ileal villus cell counts increased to 180% of controls, indicating that the sizes of the two crypt and villus epithelial cell populations are independently controlled.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnosis of acute intestinal ischemia by color Doppler sonography. Color Doppler sonography and acute intestinal ischemia.

Detection of acute intestinal ischemia is a diagnostic challenge. Color Doppler sonography of the abdomen may contribute to its diagnosis by showing lesions of the gut wall associated with occlusion or stenosis of the mesenteric vessels. Our overview of the sonographic findings of acute intestinal ischemia is presented as well as a proposition of algorithm for the working up to the diagnosis based on recent clinical experience.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed1976

[Influence of small intestine shunt and small intestine resection on gastrin secretion].

In 10 healthy controls, in 3 patients with subtotal resection of the small intestine and in 7 patients with jejuno-ileal bypass gastric ackd secretion and serum gastrin were determined in the basal state and after stimulation. The patients with short bowel revealed basal and pentagastrin stimulated gastric acid secretion in the lower normal range. Hypergastrinaemia, however, was present in these patients in the basal state and after food stimulation of gastrin release, while in patients with jejuno-ileal bypass basal and postprandial serum gastrin concentrations were within the normal range. These data suggest, that hypergastrinaemia in patients with short bowel is due to dimished gastrin catabolism and that the small intestine plays a significant role in gastrin inactivation.

Gastrins↗
PubMed1995

Clinicopathological features and management of immunoproliferative small intestinal disease and primary small intestinal lymphoma in Pakistan.

This study was performed to confirm the existence of immunoproliferative small intestinal disease (IPSID) in Pakistan. Clinicopathological features of 12 patients with histologically confirmed disease were analysed. Patients were mostly young males with median age of 24.6 years. Two thirds belonged to poor socioeconomic class. Main presenting features were chronic diarrhoea and weight loss. Eleven patients had radiologic evidence of malabsorption syndrome. Endoscopic findings of mucosal thickening, edema, and flattened villi were present in the majority. Patients had both secretory and non-secretory types of disease. Six patients presented with stage A disease. Four responded to antibiotics or steroids, although mucosal abnormalities persisted in three. Two stage A patients evolved into stage C disease, one was lost to follow-up, the other is alive with disease. Three patients presented with stage B disease. Two responded completely to chemotherapy, the third refused treatment and expired after 16 months. Three patients had stage C disease at diagnosis. They received aggressive combination chemotherapy and remain in complete remission with a median follow-up of 2.2 years. This is the first series of patients with IPSID reported from Pakistan. Clinicopathological features and therapeutic results are consistent with the experience elsewhere. Increased awareness may result in early diagnosis and better management.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Evidence of local mechanism involvement in vasoactive intestinal polypeptide release from canine small intestine.

We studied the effect of intraileal administration of a 100-ml test meal, 100 ml of 5% glucose, amino acids, 10% Intralipos, or bile on canine plasma immunoreactive vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) levels in the mesenteric and femoral veins of dogs. The effects of intravenous administration of caerulein on plasma immunoreactive VIP levels were examined, with or without intraduodenal ballooning, to rule out the effect of bile and pancreatic and gastric juice. In addition, hexamethonium bromide or atropine sulfate was given intravenously before the administration of bile or intravenous caerulein to study the role of the neural pathway on the release of VIP. Basal plasma VIP levels in the mesenteric vein were significantly higher than those in the femoral vein. Intraileal administration of the test meal, 5% glucose, amino acids, or 10% Intralipos induced no variation of mesenteric VIP. Intraileal administration of bile or intravenous caerulein, with or without intraduodenal ballooning, produced a significant increase of plasma VIP in the mesenteric vein. Pretreatment with atropine completely blocked the bile-stimulated VIP release and significantly inhibited the caerulein-stimulated release of VIP. On the other hand, pretreatment with hexamethonium did not significantly decrease the VIP response by bile or caerulein. Thus, the muscarinic receptor probably plays an important role in bile- or caerulein-stimulated release of VIP.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationships between nitric oxide synthase, vasoactive intestinal peptide and substance P immunoreactivities in neurons of the amphibian intestine.

Nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-containing neurons (localized using NADPH diaphorase histochemistry or NOS immunoreactivity) and vasoactive intestinal peptide-immunoreactive (VIP-IR) neurons were found in the myenteric plexus of the gastrointestinal tract of the amphibian, Bufo marinus. Only limited co-localization of the two substances was observed in nerve cell bodies, about 11% of the NOS-containing neurons were also labelled by VIP-IR and about 37% of VIP-IR nerve cell bodies contained NOS. The relationship between VIP, NOS and SP-IR in nerve fibres in the circular muscle was examined. There was partial co-localization of VIP and NOS, but no co-localization of NOS or VIP with substance P. Of fibres that were immunoreactive for VIP or NOS, fewer than 10% contained VIP alone.

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1983

Sialic acid deficiency in lectin-resistant intestinal brush border membranes from rats following the intestinal phase of trichinellosis.

Maximal binding (Bmax) of the lectin, wheat germ agglutinin, by small intestinal brush border membrane is significantly reduced in rats infected with Trichinella spiralis. Wheat germ agglutinin specificity is for N-acetylglucosamine and sialic acid. Whereas total hexosamine and N-acetylglucosaminidase-labile N-acetylglucosamine were comparable in membranes from uninfected as compared with infected rats, the total sialic acid content and neuraminidase-released sialic acid were significantly higher in BBM from uninfected hosts. N-Acetylglucosaminidase treatment of membranes reduced Bmax for wheat germ agglutinin in both hosts. Neuraminidase treatment reduced Bmax in uninfected hosts, but tended to increase it in infected rats. Membranes from uninfected rats incorporated more N-acetylglucosamine from UDP-N-[14C]acetylglucosamine into oligosaccharide-lipid than did membranes from infected hosts. However, lipid and protein fractions were labeled at the same rate in both sets of membranes. Sialic acid was incorporated into protein at a slightly faster rate in brush border membrane from uninfected rats, indicative of a higher level of sialotransferase activity. These results suggest that the reduction in Bmax for wheat germ agglutinin in gut epithelial cell membranes from infected rats is related to a reduced level of sialic acid available for lectin binding as well as specific interactions between N-acetylglucosamine and sialic acid.

Acetylglucosamine↗
PubMed2000

[Anatomic-topographic description of the stomach, small intestine, large intestine and their arteries of the greater mara (Dolichotis patagonum Desmarest 1820)].

The abdominal parts of the alimentary canal and the associated arteries from seven male and nine female maras are described. The mara possesses a stomach with a single cavity and a glandular mucosa lining. The large stomach is situated caudal of the liver at right-angles to the longitudinal body axis. The long jejunum is located on the left side of the body caudal of the stomach. The cecum has two teniae and numerous haustra which are proximal larger than distal. The smooth colon ascendens runs proximal parallel to the cecum and describes distal an U-shaped double-loop. The internal surface of the proximal part of the colon ascendens is characterized by two parallel mucosal ledges. Cecum and colon ascendens lie right caudal of the liver. The colon descendens is coiled and situated on the left body side. The A. gastrica sinistra and branches of the A. lienalis and the A. hepatica supply the stomach. The A. mesenterica cranialis which branches of separately from the A. coeliaca is a large and long vessel that supplies the major parts of the small intestine and the colon. The A. mesenterica caudalis supplies parts of the colon desendens and of the rectum.

Animals↗
PubMed1963

STUDIES ON SMALL INTESTINAL CRYPT EPITHELIUM. I. THE FINE STRUCTURE OF THE CRYPT EPITHELIUM OF THE PROXIMAL SMALL INTESTINE OF FASTING HUMANS.

Small intestinal crypt epithelium obtained from normal fasting humans by peroral biopsy of the mucosa was studied with the electron microscope. Paneth cells were identified at the base of the crypts by their elaborate highly organized endoplasmic reticulum, large secretory granules, and small lysosome-like dense bodies within the cytoplasm. Undifferentiated cells were characterized by smaller cytoplasmic membrane-bounded granules which were presumed to be secretory in nature, a less elaborate endoplasmic reticulum, many unattached ribosomes and, in some cells, the presence of glycogen. Some undifferentiated cells at the base of the crypts contained lobulated nuclei and striking paranuclear accumulations of mitochondria. Membrane-bounded cytoplasmic fragments, probably originating from undifferentiated and Paneth cells, were frequently apparent within crypt lumina. Of the goblet cells, some were seen actively secreting mucus. In these, apical mucus appeared to exude into the crypt lumen between gaps in the microvilli. The membrane formerly surrounding the apical mucus appeared to fuse with and become part of the plasma membrane of the cell, suggesting a merocrine secretory mechanism. Enterochromaffin cells were identified by their location between the basal regions of other crypt cells and by their unique intracytoplasmic granules.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Pathogenesis of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced carcinomas in rat intestine. I. The induction of mucin producing carcinomas in rat intestine.

Seventy four white male Wistar rats were divided into two groups and given weekly subcutaneous injections of 30 mg 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) 2HC1/kg body weight for 10 or 15 weeks, respectively, and the histological properties and distribution of DMH-induced rat carcinomas were investigated. The carcinomas induced by DMH were classified mainly into mucin producing carcinomas and non-mucin producing ones. In the large intestine, the group treated for 15 weeks induced significant incidences of mucin producing carcinomas composed mainly of cells containing intracellular mucin. Mucin producing carcinomas consisted of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, signet ring cell carcinoma and mucinous carcinoma, and these often coexisted within the same tumor mass. Mucin producing carcinomas tended to develop in the proximal colon and caecum, while non-mucin producing carcinomas were frequent in the distal colon. This method was thought to be a useful model to study glycoproteins of cancer cells.

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine↗
PubMed1982

[Intestinal subocclusion caused by lymphoma of the small intestine].

Primitive gastrointestinal lymphomas constitute a rare pathological event, may involve any part of the gastrointestinal tube, and normally belong to the non-hodgkin variety. They do not present characteristic symptoms as compared with what can be found in other gastrointestinal lesions whether neoplastic or inflammatory. Radiologically and endoscopically they do not evidence any particular aspects, so that they can be confused with other diseases (gastroduodenal ulcer, benign tumours, epithelial malignant tumours). For such primitive forms, radical surgical treatment constitutes the first treatment and undoubtedly the fundamental form, with which radiotherapy and chemotherapy may be associated. In addition to a review of the literature, the Authors examine a case of intestinal lymphoma complicated by a picture of subocclusion.

Adult↗