Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,135 records · Page 63Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Muscle-specific response to thyroid hormone of myosin isoform transitions during rat postnatal development.

Transitions from embryonic and neonatal to adult-type-II isomyosins are known to be related to the increase in the thyroid hormone plasma concentration during postnatal development. These transitions have been shown, however, to occur at different times, depending on the muscle, suggesting that each muscle responds differently to the thyroid hormone. We have investigated quantitatively the effects of experimental hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism on isomyosin transitions from birth until the 45th postnatal day in eight rat muscles: diaphragm, intercostals, gastrocnemius medialis, soleus, plantar muscles of the foot, tongue muscle, levator ani and bulbocavernosus complex, and masseter. Hypothyroidism delayed the isomyosin transitions in all the muscles examined, particularly in the sexually dimorphic muscles (levator ani and bulbocavernosus complex and masseter). However, it did not eventually inhibit isomyosin transitions, indicating that the thyroid hormone was not an absolute requirement for these to occur. Hyperthyroidism had only a slight effect on isomyosin transition in the diaphragm, and accelerated such transitions in the other muscles. The transition curves of all the muscles investigated, except those of the sexually dimorphic muscles, became similar to that of the diaphragm, demonstrating that the various muscles did not display the same sensitivity to the thyroid hormone but were regulated by it in the same way. The isomyosin transitions in the sexually dimorphic muscles remained late in comparison to that in the diaphragm, which suggests a more complex regulation. The effect of hyperthyroidism was not permanent and could be reversed, by interruption of the treatment, to a greater or lesser extent depending on the muscle. In all muscles containing slow-type-I isomyosin, hypothyroidism had no effect on this isomyosin synthesis, whereas hyperthyroidism inhibited it. This inhibition ceased rapidly after the interruption of the treatment.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

[Pulmonary hypertension due to glycogen storage disease type II (Pompe's disease): a case report].

A rare case of pulmonary hypertension due to glycogen storage disease type II (Pompe's disease) was reported. An 18-year-old girl was admitted to Kawasaki Medical School Hospital because of cyanosis, dyspnea on exertion and amenorrhea. She was 149 cm in height and 29 kg in body weight. Clinical examination revealed that pulmonary artery pulse and right ventricular heave were palpable over the precordium. On auscultation, an accentuated pulmonic second heart sound, pulmonic ejection sound and diastolic decrescendo murmur (Levine III/VI) were heard in the second intercostal space at the right sternal border. Her skeletal muscles, especially her intercostal muscles were generally weak and atrophic. Her electrocardiogram showed a pulmonary P-wave and right ventricular hypertrophy. The chest X-ray revealed right ventricular enlargement and a dilated pulmonary trunk. On echocardiography, the right ventricle and the main pulmonary artery were dilated, and a systolic notch of the pulmonary valve was found. Swan-Ganz catheterization disclosed that pulmonary artery pressure, right ventricular pressure and mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure were 76/35 (50) mmHg, 76/12 mmHg and 10 mmHg, respectively. Respiratory function tests showed severe restrictive ventilatory impairment with hypercapnea and hypoxemia. On biopsy of the left quadriceps femoris muscle, the most striking finding was numerous intracytoplasmic vacuoles. The small vacuoles were stained with PAS and acid phosphatase. Electron microscopy showed massive glycogen accumulation in the sarcoplasm and membrane bound vacuoles (glycogenosome). Alpha-1, 4-glucosidase activity in the peripheral lymphocytes was definitely decreased. Her pulmonary hypertension resulted from respiratory muscular atrophy and alveolar hypoventilation caused by Pompe's disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Relationship between the arrangement of motoneuron pools in the ventral horn and ramification pattern of the spinal nerve innervating trunk muscles in the cat (Felis domestica).

To establish the relationships among the ramification pattern of the spinal nerves, motoneuron pools, and the muscle groups innervated, some trunk muscles were examined in the adult cat using both macroscopic and microscopic techniques. Both sides of 2 animals were macroscopically studied to investigate the ramification pattern of the thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves and the location of each muscle on the trunk wall. The topographic localization of the motoneurons innervating those muscles in the ventral horn were microscopically examined in 20 animals by application of a retrograde labeling method. Cholera toxin subunit B bound to latex beads was used as a neuron tracer. Although both the cranial and caudal dorsal serratus muscles had similar positions along the vertebral column, the two muscles were supplied by different branches of the intercostal nerve and the motoneuron pools for the muscles occupied different locations in the ventral horn. The positions of motoneuron pools supplying the cranial and caudal muscles were the same as those for the external and internal intercostal muscles, respectively. They occupied the ventromedial and ventrolateral cell columns, respectively. The motoneuron pools of the external and internal abdominal oblique muscles mostly overlapped each other. The location of these motor pools completely differed from the positions of motoneuron pools for the intercostal muscles. From these results, the ramification pattern of the intercostal nerve appears to correspond with the arrangement of motoneuron pools in the ventral horn of the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1984

Effects of expiratory threshold loading on thoracoabdominal motion in cats.

Expiratory muscle activity may alter rib cage and abdominal configuration at end-expiration and thereby affect the pattern of thoracoabdominal motion during subsequent inspiration. In this study, expiratory muscles were stimulated by the application of a series of expiratory threshold loads (ETL) (range: 0 to + 10 cm H2O) in 10 cats lightly anaesthetized with pentobarbitone. Thoracoabdominal motion was monitored by inductance plethysmography. Peak internal intercostal and abdominal muscle electrical activity increased proportionately with the magnitude of the ETL, suggesting comparable activation of both expiratory muscle groups. Increases in end-expiratory abdominal volume, however, were greater than increases in end-expiratory rib cage volume, during ETL. This resulted in a shift of the end-expiratory thoracoabdominal position to the right of the relaxation characteristic. During ETL, there was inward movement of the abdomen in early inspiration and this decrease in abdominal volume correlated closely with the change in end-expiratory abdominal volume and the magnitude of the ETL (mean r = 0.95, P less than 0.01). In three animals, sectioning the abdominal muscles resulted in a further increase in end-expiratory abdominal volume for a given ETL. Deepening anesthesia progressively reduced and eventually abolished expiratory muscle activation and under these conditions, ETL increased end-expiratory rib cage and abdominal volume along the thoracoabdominal relaxation characteristic. The results of this study indicate that while abdominal muscle activation acts to decrease abdominal volume at end-expiration, the action of the expiratory intercostal muscles predominates during ETL to produce a smaller rib cage volume at the expense of an enlargement of abdominal volume.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1993

[The human superior posterior serratus muscle supplied by both the intercostal and dorsal scapular nerves].

A case of the superior posterior serratus muscle on the left side supplied by both the intercostal and dorsal scapular nerves was observed in a 67-year-old Japanese male cadaver at Sapporo Medical College, 1991. The innervation and intramuscular nerve distribution of this case was investigated using a binocular microscope. The belly of this muscle consisted of three parts, which were inserted into the second, third and fourth ribs, respectively (Fig. 1). The second part inserted into the third rib consisted of two offshoots, namely a medial and a lateral offshoot. The latter almost totally covered the first part inserted into the second rib. This muscle was innervated by twigs from the dorsal scapular nerve (C5) and the superficial intercostal nerves (Th1 & Th2) of Kodama (Kodama, 1986). The superficial intercostal nerve of the first thoracic segment gave off two twigs to the muscle, the superior (medial) and inferior (lateral) (Fig. 1). The intramuscular nerve distribution of this case demonstrated that, except for the lateral offshoot, the innervation of the muscle belly showed roughly segmental tendency though all of the twigs communicated with each other (Fig. 2). The lateral offshoot was chiefly innervated by the twig from the dorsal scapular nerve. It is apparent that the muscle primordium with the twig from C5, which ordinarily is situated at the cranialmost portion of the belly, instead came to rest between the first part and the medial offshoot of the second part. As a result, this muscle belly was innervated partially in a non-segmental manner.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Function of the oblique hypaxial muscles in trotting dogs.

In trotting dogs, the pattern of activity of the obliquely oriented hypaxial muscles is consistent with the possible functions of (i) stabilization against vertical accelerations that cause the trunk to sag in the sagittal plane and (ii) stabilization against forces that tend to shear the trunk in the sagittal plane. To test these hypotheses, we compared the amount of activity of the intercostal and abdominal oblique muscles (i) when dogs carried additional mass (8-15% of body mass) supported over the limb girdles versus supported mid-trunk (test of sagittal bounce), and (ii) when dogs trotted up versus down a 10 degrees slope (test of sagittal shear). In response to the loading manipulations, only the internal oblique muscle responded in a manner that was consistent with stabilization of the trunk against forces that cause the trunk to sag sagittally. In contrast, when the fore-aft forces were manipulated by running up- and downhill, all four of the monitored muscles changed their activity in a manner consistent with stabilization of the trunk against sagittal shearing. Specifically, muscles with a craniodorsal orientation (external oblique and external intercostal muscles) showed an increase in activity when the dogs ran downhill and a decrease when they ran uphill. Muscles with a cranioventral orientation (internal oblique and internal intercostal muscles) exhibited the opposite pattern: increased activity when the dogs ran uphill and decreased activity when they ran downhill. Changes in activity of two extrinsic appendicular muscles, the serratus ventralis and deep pectoralis, during uphill and downhill running were also consistent with the sagittal shearing hypothesis. In contrast, changes in the level of recruitment of the oblique hypaxial muscles were not consistent with stabilization of the trunk against torques that induce yaw at the girdles. Hence, we suggest that the oblique hypaxial muscles of trotting dogs act to stabilize the trunk against sagittal shearing torques induced by limb retraction (fore-aft acceleration) and protraction (fore-aft deceleration).

Animals↗