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At least 1,135 records · Page 63Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

The masticatory handicap of wearing removable dentures in elderly men.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at describing the masticatory handicap of wearing removable dentures measured by some masticatory tests and the intake of hard and soft foods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects were participants in a comprehensive health examination of 67-68-year-old men living in Malmö, Sweden. Four hundred eighty-three men took part in a clinical oral examination which recorded the number of teeth and removable dentures. One hundred and one had complete dentures in both jaws and 131 had removable partial dentures in different combinations. Masticatory tests used almonds to record the number of stokes to the first swallow, and two-coloured chewing gums for recording bolus kneading and shaping. A nutritionist paid a home visit to assess dietary habits including the consumption of hard and soft foods. The data could be split into groups of different tooth and denture situations which were large enough to enable statistical analysis to be carried out. The results of a regression analysis of the group with different numbers of natural teeth (NT) and no removable dentures could be used as a reference for correlation with the masticatory capacity of removable denture wearers. RESULTS: Number of strokes to the first swallow revealed no masticatory limitations of wearing removable dentures, while chewing gum colour-mixing and shaping revealed more differentiated impairments equivalent to the function of five to 16 teeth in a remaining natural dentition. Hard food intake for the removable denture groups was comparable to 17-19 NT. Soft food intake was not influenced by denture wearing. In a ranking of oral conditions, those with more than 24 NT had the highest test values for all tests, and those with complete sets of dentures the lowest except for the number of strokes to the first swallow of an almond. CONCLUSION: Removable denture wearing can be regarded as a handicap when measured with objective masticatory tests using chewing gum and the intake of hard foods. The number of chewing strokes to the first swallow of an almond and the intake of soft foods is not affected by the wearing of removable dentures.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Family life education for the handicapped.

Only a small percentage of America's handicapped population presently receives adequate instruction in family life education. The development of healthy attitudes and a positive self-concept are enhanced by education in sexuality with openness toward this sensitive area. Parents are the primary sex educators of their children, with schools, religious groups and various community agencies playing a supplementary role. In not educating handicapped individuals, society further burdens them with additional insecurities and feelings of inadequacy. People who are exposed to family life education programs tend to act more responsibly in their personal relationships and feel better about themselves.

Child↗
PubMed1980

Career development for diverse populations of handicapped students.

This paper examines some of the issues associated with providing meaningful career education/counseling for handicapped youths. Career awareness begins in elementary school and moves through career exploration at the senior high level to career preparation in high school. Special care must be exercised in advising handicapped individuals who are making decisions regarding college preparatory course work vs. vocational training.

Career Mobility↗
PubMed1984

The views of school principals and teachers on the role of the school nurse with handicapped students.

As part of recent program evaluation activities for the University of Colorado School Nurse Achievement Program, a questionnaire was distributed to a sample of school principals and teachers to obtain their views on the role of the school nurse with handicapped students. Generally, the respondents perceived this aspect of the school nurse's role as encompassing a variety of valuable activities; they tended to feel that certain activities (eg, writing the health component of the IEPs) should be carried out by school nurses more than they actually are; and they reported a myriad of unsolved problems and needs of handicapped students, many that could be dealt with by school nursing services if resources were available. Although the data were obtained from only a small and select group of principals and teachers, they help reveal how other school personnel view this increasingly important component of the school nurse's role and may provide some direction for future continuing education programs for school nurses as well as information-dissemination efforts for other school personnel.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1984

Counseling approaches used with emotionally handicapped children.

Children identified with emotional handicaps manifest a variety of educational and behavioral problems. This paper presents the major counseling techniques that may be used with these children. Basic goals and methods of each approach, applicability for emotionally handicapped students, and training necessary for the practitioner also are discussed.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1984

A nursing care plan for the handicapped student.

The purpose of this paper is to encourage school nurses to document the nursing process when caring for the handicapped student. When the nursing process is properly documented, the result is the nursing care plan. This care plan identifies the diagnosed health needs and defines, in behavioral terms, the goals and interventions designed to meet those needs. A nursing care plan serves a three-fold purpose: 1) It provides a framework to bring students to their maximum health potential; 2) It is applicable to the federally-mandated Individualized Education Plan (IEP) because both are written with behavioral, student-centered goals, and interventions; and 3) It demonstrates a clearly defined and essential role of the school nurse with the handicapped student. This paper presents the current concept of the nursing process and concludes with an example of the nursing care plan.

Data Collection↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Behavioral influences of rectal diazepam in solution on dental patients with mentally and physically handicapping conditions.

The hypothesis of this study was to determine whether the use of rectal diazepam in solution would effectively modify the uncooperative behavior of patients with mentally and physically handicapping conditions during dental treatment. The sample consisted of 42 patients with mild to severe mentally handicapping conditions, 4 to 31 years old, who live in a homecare center. Supragingival and subgingival scaling and prophylaxis were attempted during a 5-minute period and the patient's behavior was assessed. Conscious sedation using a rectal solution of diazepam (Stesolid) was used for those patients with voluntary or involuntary uncooperative behavior that prevented treatment. Twenty-two subjects (52.4%) were treated without diazepam. The rectal solution of diazepam proved to be a significantly (P less than .01) effective agent for behavior modification permitting the successful treatment of 16 (80%) of the 20 remaining subjects. The following behaviors were significantly modified: places hand(s) or arm(s) in front of mouth (P less than .01); does not open mouth, lips held firmly together (P less than .05); turns head to one side or side to side (P less than .05); attempts to grab instruments (P less than .05). No relationship was found between the results and the variables of medical history, gender, age, weight, quantity of diazepam administered, routine medication, pulse rate, blood pressure, and respiration.

Administration, Rectal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Parents' perception of access to dental care for children with handicapping conditions.

Access to dentistry for people with handicapping conditions may be influenced by attitudes within the dental team, financial considerations, self-image problems, medical conditions, or physical access. This paper reports on a survey of the parents or guardians of children with handicapping conditions regarding perceptions of possible problems in obtaining dental care. Almost half of the respondents to this survey reported having problems in obtaining dental treatment for their child or in accessing the building. Respondents with problems in obtaining dental care were more likely to have longer periods between dental treatment visits, have had an extraction at their last dental visit, be treated at a hospital, be treated with sedative agents, not have insurance, report their child's dental problems were more severe than other problems, and have terminated their education at an earlier age.

California↗
PubMed1983

The assessment of 'vision for development' in severely visually handicapped babies.

Vision makes a substantial contribution to the pattern and rate of normal development. Considering infant development in 3 phases, global, integrative and specific the most important attributes to vision of development within each phase are discussed. A method for assessment of the aspects of vision most relevant to each child's current developmental needs is described and a philosophy outlined whereby the findings can be represented as a balanced practical prescription for development. The development of the visual system is often delayed in visually handicapped babies; some reasons are put forward and a concern that many may never achieve their potential maximum visual competence is expressed. A method for evaluating the current stage of visual development in a visually handicapped baby is described in which the findings form the starting point of a programme towards achieving maximum visual competence as young as possible.

Child↗
PubMed1980

Handicapped children: behavioural and co-ordination characteristics affecting the delivery of dental care.

Statistical analysis of data from a field survey of 132 handicapped children confirmed that a questionnaire approach is reliable in identifying children with potential behavioural and co-ordination problems within a dental environment. Assessment of the behaviour and co-ordination of 2,082 handicapped children aged 3-16 years, inclusive, suggested that approximately 53 per cent were manageable in a normal dental surgery and 79 per cent had the necessary co-ordination for routine dental care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Results of oral health and hygiene education in an institution for multiple handicapped children in Indonesia.

In a collaboration between the Dutch and Indonesian Dental Associations a system for oral health care for multiple handicapped children was initiated in a large care and rehabilitation institution in Jakarta, Indonesia. Part of the project was to develop a programme for oral health and hygiene education (OHE), with a specific plaque control component. This programme was aimed not only at the handicapped children but also at their parents and the teaching and (para) medical staff of the institution. A study to investigate the feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness of the OHE programme was carried out over a period of 2 1/2 years. The programme was well accepted, effective and of clinical significance. It is probably one of the first of its kind in a developing country.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Charity advertising: for or against people with a mental handicap?

This research investigated whether it is possible for charity advertising campaigns to stimulate donations successfully as well as to represent people with disabilities as valued human beings. Thirty-eight subjects were required to rank 10 MENCAP posters along 15 bipolar constructs using a variation of the Q sort procedure. Constructs included feelings such as pity, guilt and sympathy, constructive helping behaviours such as giving money and time, and perceptions such as having rights, value and capabilities. Correlational, cluster and factor analyses suggest that images which elicit the greatest commitment to give money are those most closely associated with feelings of guilt, sympathy and pity and are negatively associated with posters which illustrate people with a mental handicap as having the same rights, value and capability as non-handicapped persons. The implications of these findings with regard to advertising and the principle of normalization (social role valorization) are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The psychosocial impact of a progressive physical handicap and terminal illness (Duchenne muscular dystrophy) on adolescents and their families.

This paper reports in narrative style on a sample of 13-16-year-old Duchenne muscular dystrophy adolescents in a residential setting in the UK. The terminally ill dystrophic boys' physical handicaps were noticed at about five years of age. In-depth interviews were conducted with parents, while projective assessment and psychodrama were used with the boys. Findings for this paper draw heavily on family interviews. Not surprisingly, the Duchenne boys evinced significant isolation from the mainstream of normal culture. The parents of the terminal group showed marked preoccupation with their sons, great stress and diminished expression of enjoyment. The Duchenne adolescents raised the issue of handicap surprisingly often with their parents, suggesting their great need to acknowledge their disease with parents. Their parents, however, evinced marked difficulty in responding to death issues with the boys - a reaction which leaves the boys alone and the parents guilty. These observations on the family are discussed in the context of a family identification process.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Dementia and mental handicap: attitudes, emotional distress and caregiving.

Against the current climate of hospital closure programmes and community care, attitudes to caregiving were examined in three groups of carers, namely mothers caring for a mentally handicapped child, mothers caring for a mentally handicapped adult and daughters caring for a parent with dementia. An 'attitude questionnaire' was developed by the author and administered, postally, to the three groups. Daughters were found to be more likely than the mothers to see their caring role in a negative way and were more inclined to favour institutional care. Possible reasons for this are discussed. The relationship between attitudes and emotional distress (as measured by the GHQ-30) were also examined for the sample as a whole. Negative and pro-institutional attitudes towards the caregiving situation were associated with elevated levels of emotional distress. Implications at both a local and a national level for all those involved with carers are discussed in the light of these findings.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1981

Factors causing rickets in institutionalised handicapped children on anticonvulsant therapy.

An epidemiological study on vitamin D-dependent rickets was carried out in severely handicapped institutionalised children on long-term anticonvulsant therapy. Nine (10%) of 94 patients had overt rickets on the basis of roentgenological bone changes and biochemical indices, but 46 patients in hospital without medication, and 50 epileptic patients attending an outpatient clinic and taking anticonvulsants had no sign of rickets. Causative factors for the development of rickets were evaluated. Administration of anticonvulsive drugs depressed the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) level, but this was not the major factor in the development of rickets. Vitamin D intake seemed to be about average in these patients and its supplementation increased their serum 25-OHD level. This serum 25-OHD level was not maintained by supplemental vitamin D, unless the children were exposed to sunlight. These results indicate that although several factors--such as anticonvulsants, low vitamin D intake, and inactivity--are concerned in the development of rickets, the main cause is lack of sun in institutionalised handicapped children.

25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2↗
PubMed1981

Origin of handicap in young children.

A survey was carried out of all infants born in Southampton and South-west Hampshire Health District in 1975 to assess the incidence and cause of handicapping conditions at age 2-3 years. Twenty-four infants were identified with major handicap. A prenatal cause was identified in 15 cases, a perinatal cause in 5 cases, and a postnatal cause in 2 cases. No cause was identified in 2 cases. The incidence of cerebral palsy was 1.2 per 1000 live births. There was some evidence for a perinatal cause in half of them.

Accidents↗
PubMed1991

Optic nerve hypoplasia, encephalopathy, and neurodevelopmental handicap.

Abnormalities of the central nervous system are frequently described in optic nerve hypoplasia. In a longitudinal study of 46 consecutive children (32 term, 14 preterm) with bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia 32 (69.5%) had associated neurodevelopmental handicap. Of these, 90% had structural central nervous system abnormalities on computed tomographic brain scans. Neurodevelopmental handicap occurred in 62.5% of the term and 86% of the preterm infants respectively. Term infants had a greater incidence of ventral developmental midline defects and proportionately fewer maternal and/or neonatal complications throughout pregnancy, while encephaloclastic lesions were commoner among the premature infants. An association of optic nerve hypoplasia with the twin transfusion syndrome and prenatal vascular encephalopathies is described.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2003

Disease laterality, eye dominance, and visual handicap in patients with unilateral full thickness macular holes.

AIM: To investigate the association between visual handicap, laterality, and historical eye dominance in patients presenting with unilateral full thickness macular holes (FTMH). METHODS: Consecutive patients presenting with unilateral FTMH and no other visually significant ocular pathology including abnormalities of binocular vision were included. A questionnaire and case note review were performed to determine the mode of presentation, presence of symptomatic binocular interference, historically dominant eye, and whether they elected to undergo surgery. RESULTS: 44 eyes of 44 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. 21 (48%) affected eyes were right sided and 56% of FTMH were in the historically dominant eye. 76% of FTMH in historically dominant eyes presented symptomatically compared to 36% in non-dominant eyes (p= 0.003). 72% of patients with FTMH affecting their historically dominant eye were aware of binocular interference in day to day binocular viewing compared with 21% when the FTMH was in the non-dominant eye (p= 0.001). 23 (52%) patients elected to undergo surgery, of whom 18/23(78%) had FTMH in their historically dominant eye (p= 0.0003). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that eye dominance may be an important determinant of the visual handicap suffered by patients with unilateral FTMH.

Aged↗