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At least 1,135 records · Page 63Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Cancer epidemiology in populations of the United States--with emphasis on Hawaii and California--and Japan.

The population of California and the San Francisco Bay Area has a number of ethnic components that differ in the frequency with which certain cancers occur. Mortality rates of California Janpanese and incidence data from the cancer reporting system of the Bay Area are analyzed for the cancer sites considered related to nutrition. The American Japanese of California are particularly amenable to epidemiological study because of the cancer data available from Japan for comparison with that of the California Japanese. The cancer rates occurring among the successive generations of the Japanese in California are compared to the rates in Japan and the white rates for the Bay Area. Gastric cancer rates undergo a stepwise reduction from the high rates in Japan to the intermediate rates of immigrant Japanese and the lower rates for the American born. Colon cancer rates are increased about equally in both generations of Japanese and are approaching the white rates. Cancers of the breast, uterine corpus, and ovary in women and the prostate for men are rapidly approaching the rates for the white population. Etiologies are continually being identified or indicated for a number of these cancers by epidemiological studies, and more specific identification of carcinogenic mechanisms should be possible by other disciplines.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Pain assessment in Hawaii nursing homes.

Nursing home personnel from adult long-term care facilities on Oahu were surveyed on their pain assessment practices with demented and non-verbal residents. Many reported having difficulties evaluating pain in these residents. Observation and standardized pain assessment scales were most frequently used pain assessment methods. Recommendations are made about how to improve pain assessment with demented and non-verbal patients.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Breast cancer in a multiethnic cohort in Hawaii and Los Angeles: risk factor-adjusted incidence in Japanese equals and in Hawaiians exceeds that in whites.

Few data exist on the extent to which the differences in breast cancer risk between "racial-ethnic" groups in the United States (US) are "explained" by differences in their distribution of risk factors. We have determined this for African-American (AA), native Hawaiian (NH), Japanese-American (JA), Latina-US-born (L-US), Latina-non-US-born (L-NUS), and white (W) women using prospective incidence data on 88,712 postmenopausal women recruited in 1993-1996. We identified 1,757 incident breast cancer cases through 1999 among these women (1,116 cases after excluding women with a simple hysterectomy or missing risk factor data). Data were available on seven "known" risk factors: ages at menarche and first birth; parity; age at and type of menopause; weight; hormone replacement therapy use; and alcohol consumption. The relative risks (RRs) of breast cancer (with the RR in Ws set to 1.0) for the groups were as follows: W = 1.0; AA = 0.78; NH = 1.33; JA = 0.99; L-US = 0.77; and L-NUS = 0.60. After adjustment for the risk factors, the RRs were as follows: W = 1.0; AA = 0.98; NH = 1.65; JA = 1.11; L-US = 0.95; and L-NUSB = 0.84. The slightly greater risk of the JAs compared with the Ws is in sharp contrast to the very low breast cancer rates that were observed in "traditional" Japanese women and in early Japanese migrants. The adjusted RR of NHs is 65% greater than that of Ws, and that of migrant Latinas is 16% lower than that of Ws. Elucidating the causes of the high rates in NHs is now a major focus of our efforts.

Aged↗