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At least 1,135 records · Page 63Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Repeat operations in nodular formations and cancer of the thyroid in a region of endemic goiter].

The paper discusses a 5-year experience of the Dispensary Department of Head and Neck Cancer with repeated operations for recurrent nodular goiter (60 cases), thyroid cancer developing in recurrent goiter (18 cases) an thyroid malignancies (28 patients). Intrafascial partial resection and reduced extent of surgery proved to be insufficiently radical in 46.4% of cancer patients and one-third of those with benign lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Histopathogenesis of goiters].

The basic mechanisms acting in the transformation of a normal thyroid gland into a toxic or nontoxic goiter are summarized: 1) Any goiter arises from multiplication of follicular epithelial cells forming new follicles. 2) In the follicular epithelium there are cell families with much higher than average growth potential. 3) Cells of an individual follicle are not identical but heterogeneous. 4) Each follicular cell has a certain level of autonomy of growth and of function.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1987

[Multinodular goiter in children].

Multinodular goiter is rare in children. This study analyses the different clinical aspects of this disease. All of the 17 patients underwent surgery. The majority of them were euthyroid. Three had congenital hypothyroidism. In 2 cases, bilateral thyroidectomy had to be performed because of hyperthyroidism which occurred either in the observation period prior to surgery, or 4 years after unilateral thyroidectomy carried out for multinodular goiter.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Thyroid status during pregnancy and post partum in regions of iodine deficiency and endemic goiter.

During pregnancy the thyroid is subjected to increased demands which is associated with a tendency to endogenous iodine deficiency. Under the conditions of insufficient iodine supply in the GDR the pathophysiological changes result in: 1. prevalence of goiter in about 60% of pregnant women; 2. enlargement of the extent of neck in more than 50% of all pregnant women examined only returning to the prepregnant status in 25%-40%; 3. prevalence of goiter in newborn with 5%; 12.8% of 1948 stilborn had macroscopically an enlarged thyroid gland, the highest weight being 45 g. More than 53% of the stilborn examined by autopsy had a thyroid weight of over 3 g; 4. in contrast to the regions with sufficient iodine supply renal iodine excretion was steadily decreasing during pregnancy and post partum, changing the iodine deficiency from grade II to grade III; 5. low iodine excretion in newborn: 1.3 +/- 0.2 microgram I/day in goitrous (1.2 +/- 0.2 nmol I/mmol creatinine) 2.2 +/- 0.4 micrograms I/day in non-goitrous (2.0 +/- 0.4 nmol I/mmol creatinine); 6. according to ETR more than 50% of the pregnant examined showed a hypothyroid tendency. The pathophysiological changes during pregnancy caused by insufficient iodine supply can be met efficiently by careful thyroid hormone treatment or by the administration of 150 micrograms I daily. A mandatory iodine salt prophylaxis is demanded.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Morphometric investigation of the human thyroid gland. With special reference to the methods and to nontoxic goiter.

A study was carried out to (1) evaluate methods for the quantitative morphologic description of the human thyroid gland and (2) investigate the relationship between the morphology and the functional state of the gland in patients with nontoxic goiter. Analysis of sampling variance showed a high contribution of biologic variation between individuals, a low contribution from the variance within individuals and a negligible contribution from the stereologic procedure itself to the overall variation. The optimal numbers of sections per gland and fields of vision were found to be 2 and 17, respectively. The only constant relationship between the morphology and the functional state, either before or after resection, was a positive correlation between the epithelial cell volume left behind and the se-"free" thyroxine index 12 months postoperatively. It is concluded that quantitative morphologic description of the human thyroid gland is possible without being too time-consuming but that the value of such investigations is clinically doubtful in cases of nontoxic goiter.

Epithelium↗
PubMed1985

Iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis in a woman with a multinodular goiter taking levothyroxine.

In a 63-year-old woman with a multinodular goiter who was receiving suppressive therapy with levothyroxine sodium, iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis developed after povidone-iodine was applied to the surface of a granulating hip wound. Signs and symptoms of apathetic thyrotoxicosis developed on two occasions, once within a week after exposure of the wound to povidone-iodine soaks and again following repeated Hubbard tank debridement with added povidone-iodine. Iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis was confirmed by markedly elevated serum thyroxine and serum and urine iodine levels. On eliminating the sources of exogenous iodine and inhibiting thyroxine biosynthesis with propylthiouracil, the process was gradually controlled. A year later the patient was taking no medication and was clinically and chemically euthyroid. Apparently, iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis can result from passive diffusion of iodine into autonomous thyroid tissue. Iodine-containing preparations given to patients with multinodular goiters may result in thyrotoxicosis even if thyrotropin is suppressed with exogenous thyroxine.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinico-morphological comparisons of autoimmune processes in the thyroid gland in the endemic goiter region].

A total of 2558 patients (95% of patients who sustained strumectomy in the Chelyabinsk region in 1969--1977 for euthyroid nodular goiter) were examined. There proved to be a relationship between the iodine content in the food products of the population and the frequency of the morphologically-definable autoimmune processes in the thyroid gland; this dependence was direct for the marked autoaggression processes, and indirect--for the initial ones. This dependence is also confirmed by a rare combination of multinodular goiter with diffuse autoimmune thyroiditis and a frequent one--with the initial autoaggression forms.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Triiodothyronine thyrotoxicosis in nodular toxic goiter].

Serum protein-bound iodine (PBI), total blood thyrotoxin (T4), triiodthyronine (T3), coefficient of thyrotoxin efficacy (CTE), serum thyrotoxin-binding capacity (TBC) or some of these indices were determined in 44 patients with nodular toxic goiter with thyrotoxemia. An increase in T3 level was revealed in 27 of 35 of the patients; T3-thyrotoxicosis was diagnosed in 18 of these in whom an increase of the T3 level was combined with normal T4 or normal CTE content and an unchanged TBC. The symptoms of T3-thyrotoxicosis displayed no significant differences from the symptoms of thyrotoxicosis caused by the excess of thyroxin. In many of the patients T3-thyrotoxicosis coursed for a long time with but a few symptoms. Loss of weight in this form of thyrotoxicosis was much less frequent than in "thyrotoxin'' thyrotoxicosis. PBI was elevated in 12 of 44 patients, and total T4 and CTE -- in 10 of 35. These methods do not permit to diagnose hyperthyroidism in many of the patients with nodular toxic goiter in which T3-thyrotoxicosis is of frequent occurrence.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Pathogenetic problems of goiter].

The extrafollicular growth (hyperplasia) of the thyroid parenchyma resulting in the development of epithelial goiter begins with proliferation of thyrocytes of the follicular wall (sometimes called "clear cells" and erroneously identified with the parafollicular cells or C-cells). An important role in the pathogenesis of goiter disease belongs to the transition of the thyroid parenchyma hyperplasia from the initial adaptative (compensatory) reaction which arises under conditions of thyroid hormone production deficiency into the irreversible pathological process of indefinite duration after restoration of the euthyroid state of the patient. It may be assumed that this transition results from stabilization of gradually increasing shift of protein biosynthesis in the thyrocytes towards preferential thyroalbumin formation at the expense of thyroglobulin.

APUD Cells↗
PubMed1977

[Thyroxine in an amount of 150 micrograms daily for the prevention of the recurrence of goiter].

24 patients, who had undergone a subtotal thyroidectomy, were given 150 micrograms thyroxine daily for 6 weeks for prevention of goiter recurrency. 14 patients had been included in an earlier reported study using 75 micrograms thyroxine daily. Prior to this trial 10 patients had 100 micrograms thyroxine daily; the 14 above mentioned patients had had no therapy for 4 weeks. A significant decrease of the TSH response to TRH is observed when compared with the prestudy regimen. According to this parameter the incidence of hyperthyroidism is increased and the incidence of euthyroidism and hypothyroidism decreased. 2 patients however remained hypothyroid. The before mentioned hyperthyroid patients had only an abnormal TSH-response and were euthyroid when determined by clinical signs or ETR-values. It is concluded, that the dosage of 150 micrograms thyroxin is indicated in patients when reduction of goiter size is desired or a high demand for thyroid replacement is suspected. This (and every comparable) regimen needs a clinical and biochemical control.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Possible relation between the immune response and thymus-dependence of the immunizing antigens in children in an endemic goiter region].

As a result of serological examination of 7- to 14-year-old children in goiter endemic region it was shown that the activity of diphtheria and tetanus antitoxins is reduced in the initial stage of the thyroid enlargement, but prolonged antistrumin administration prevents this lowering. The relationship between these factors and immune response to polysaccharide antigens of typhoid vaccine was not observed. It is suggested that the dissimilar influence of the enlarged goiter initial forms and antithyroid prophylaxis on antibody genesis, induced by different antigens, is caused by an unequal role of the immune t-system.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Somatotropic function of the adenohypophysis in juvenile (pubertal) goiter].

Patients (86) with pubertal goiter were examined. There was an increase of the somatotropic function of the adenohypophysis. The functional acitivity of the thyroid gland is not disturbed. Observation results indicated that physiological thyroidin doses (0.03--0.05 g per 24 hours) were of expedience in pubertal goiter for the purpose of replacement therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Anatomoclinical and therapeutic aspects of nodular goiter].

Based on the experience acquired in the treatment of 500 patients with thyroid affections, of which 229 had benign nodular goiters and 12 had degenerated nodular goiters, the authors stress the necessity of very detailed preoperative exploration, that are capable to provide a series of essential elements for establishing the indication for surgery. Clinical exploration is also a significant contribution, as well as the peroperative exploration, including the histologic one. The trend is noted, as a result of exploration capabilities, and of improved pre- and postoperative treatment possibilities, to perform extensive, and even total resections.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Serum levels of lithium in patients with endemic goiter].

In this study, the lithium concentration in the blood sera of 85 patients with endemic goiter was evaluated. The results were compared with those obtained in 114 normal subjects. The lithium concentration in the blood sera of the patients with endemic goiter was 74.00 +/- 2.88 micrograms/dl compared with 39.00 +/- 0.19 micrograms/dl detected in normal subjects. Based on these findings, a possible explanation to the values obtained is given.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Retrosternal goiter.

Criteria for the definition and classification of retrosternal goiter are described. The management of retrosternal goiter, including the surgical approaches available, is discussed on the basis of clinical experience with 12 cases.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Sequestered substernal goiter.

A young woman with a normally located and only subtly nodular thyroid gland in the neck was found to have a clinically distinct and radioisotopically "cold" anterior mediastinal mass, which proved to be a benign colloid adenoma. While this constellation of findings usually suggests the presence of a nonthyroidal neoplasm, eg, lymphoma, thymoma, or teratoma, our case illustrates that sequestered benign nodular goiter should also be considered in the differential diagnosis. Clinical clues, such as a nodular thyroid gland, movement of the mass with deglutition, and a family history of nodular goiter, should suggest this possibility. A characteristic computed tomographic appearance may also prove useful in recognition of this rare disorder.

Adenoma↗