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At least 1,135 records · Page 63Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Tracer feasibility for monitoring tumor radiotherapy: a quadruple tracer study with fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose or fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyuridine, L-[methyl-14C]methionine, [6-3H]thymidine, and gallium-67.

In a rat AH109A tumor model, metabolic tracers for glucose, amino acid, and nucleic acid metabolisms (2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (18FDG), L-[methyl-14C]methionine (14C-Met), [6-3H]thymidine (3H-Thd), and 2'-deoxy-5-[18F]fluorouridine (18FdUrd], and the conventional radionuclide 67Ga-citrate were used to assess the feasibility of monitoring tumor radiotherapy using a quadruple tracer technique. Two combinations of four tracers (18FDG or 18FdUrd, 14C-Met, 3H-Thd and 67Ga) were compared in a time-course study after single-dose irradiation (20 Gy) and were also used in a dose-dependency study performed 6 days after 5, 10, 15, or 20 Gy of irradiation. Fluorine-18-FDG showed a large change in uptake and a steady response to radiotherapy. Fluorodeoxyuridine showed a rapid decrease after radiotherapy, but the range of change in uptake was narrow. Gallium-67 could not detect tumor response early after treatment, but showed a marked change in uptake later. [6-3H]Thd and 14C-Met showed a rapid response to irradiation and a high sensitivity for monitoring radiotherapy, suggesting that they may be feasible for PET studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Gallium uptake in tryptophan-related pulmonary disease.

We describe a patient who developed fever, fatigue, muscle weakness, dyspnea, skin rash, and eosinophilia after taking "high doses" of tryptophan for insomnia for two years. A gallium-67 scan revealed diffuse increased uptake in the lung and no abnormal uptake in the muscular distribution. Bronchoscopy and biopsy confirmed inflammatory reactions with infiltration by eosinophils, mast cells, and lymphocytes. CT scan showed an interstitial alveolar pattern without fibrosis. EMG demonstrated diffuse myopathy. Muscle biopsy from the right thigh showed an inflammatory myositis with eosinophilic and lymphocytic infiltrations.

Female↗
PubMed1991

An approach for immunoradiometric assay with metallic radionuclides: gallium-67-deferoxamine-dialdehyde starch-IgG.

Radiogallium (Ga) labeling of an immunoglobulin-G-deferoxamine conjugate (DF-IgG) to a high-specific radioactivity was performed to allow the development of a radiometallic immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) system. To increase the specific radioactivity of Ga-DF-IgG, we used dialdehyde starch (DAS) as a multi-site spacer for the binding of DF to IgG. Six DF molecules bound to each IgG molecule after DAS conjugation. DF-DAS-IgG was then labeled with the previously reported 67Ga labeling solution, producing labeled IgG with a specific radioactivity of 11,766 MBq/mg IgG. Using this method, we labeled an anti-CA125 tumor-associated antigen monoclonal antibody (130-22), allowing the first application of 67Ga-DF-DAS-IgG to an IRMA system. With this system, a higher sensitivity could be obtained than with 125I IRMA. In addition, a very high correlation (r = 0.995) was obtained between serum CA125 levels as determined by 67Ga IRMA and 125I IRMA. Gallium-67-labeled antibodies with a high-specific radioactivity appear to hold promise for use in highly sensitive radioassay systems.

Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate↗
PubMed1991

[A case of malignant pericardial mesothelioma detected by gallium-67 scintigraphy].

A case of malignant mesothelioma originated from pericardium was reported. A 76 year-old male who complained of dyspnea showed cardiomegaly (CTR = 68%) and bilateral pleural effusion in chest plain X-ray film. Gallium-67 (67Ga) scintigraphy revealed doughnut-like accumulation on cardiac apical site and mediastinal accumulation. Cytological examination of pericardial effusion revealed class V. Autopsy confirmed diagnosis of malignant pericardial mesothelioma. 67Ga scintigraphy may be useful in diagnosis of malignant pericardial mesothelioma.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Computerized double-tracer subtraction scanning with gallium-67 citrate in inflammatory diseases.

A gallium-67/technetium-99m subtraction technique was used with a variable weighting factor. That is, each image was separately set to 100%. Varying amounts of the Tc-99m images were subtracted from those of Ga-67. A total of 95 patients who had radiogallium scanning for suspected inflammatory disease were studied by the subtraction technique. Thirty of these patients had abnormal Tc-99m pyrophosphate bone scans, while 20 had abnormal radiogallium abdominal foci; 45 had defects in liver, spleen, or kidney images. The subtraction technique with variable weighting was highly successful in enhancing hot-spot visibility, and in providing information as to the anatomic location of the defect.

Abscess↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation of residual masses after lymphoma treatment: the contribution of gallium 67 tomoscintigraphy.

19 tomoscintigraphies using gallium 67 were performed in 15 patients with Hodgkin's or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who had a residual mass after treatment. The isotope was never fixed in fibrous masses but was always concentrated in actively growing masses. In five cases histology confirmed these findings. It is recommended that scintigraphy should be considered in every case with a residual mass after treatment, where a decision regarding further treatment is required.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

Recognition of distinctive patterns of gallium-67 distribution in sarcoidosis.

Assessment of gallium-67 (67Ga) uptake in the salivary and lacrimal glands and intrathoracic lymph nodes was made in 605 consecutive patients including 65 with sarcoidosis. A distinctive intrathoracic lymph node 67Ga uptake pattern, resembling the Greek letter lambda, was observed only in sarcoidosis (72%). Symmetrical lacrimal gland and parotid gland 67Ga uptake (panda appearance) was noted in 79% of sarcoidosis patients. A simultaneous lambda and panda pattern (62%) or a panda appearance with radiographic bilateral, symmetrical, hilar lymphadenopathy (6%) was present only in sarcoidosis patients. The presence of either of these patterns was particularly prevalent in roentgen Stages I (80%) or II (74%). We conclude that simultaneous (a) lambda and panda images, or (b) a panda image with bilateral symmetrical hilar lymphadenopathy on chest X-ray represent distinctive patterns which are highly specific for sarcoidosis, and may obviate the need for invasive diagnostic procedures.

Gallium Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1990

Altered biodistribution of gallium-67 in a patient with aluminum toxicity treated with desferoxamine.

Markedly altered biodistribution of [67Ga]citrate was observed in a 66-yr-old hemodialysis patient imaged at 48 hr postinjection. A review of the patient's hospital records revealed toxic serum levels of aluminum, treated with the chelating agent desferoxamine. Based on what is known about the biologic interactions between gallium, aluminum, transferrin, and desferoxamine, we believe that both toxic serum aluminum levels and desferoxamine therapy may cause altered biodistribution on [67Ga]citrate scintigraphy.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Residual mass and negative gallium scintigraphy in treated lymphoma.

Two patients with treated lymphoma demonstrated a residual mass on CT following treatment. In both cases gallium-67 (67Ga) scintigraphy demonstrated increased uptake in the original tumor mass and no uptake in the mass after treatment. In both cases the entire residual tumor mass was resected and found to contain no cancer tissue. This is further evidence of the role 67Ga scintigraphy may play in monitoring response of lymphoma patients to treatment. In contrast, other imaging modalities such as ultrasound, plain film x-rays, or CT only show the presence of a mass but not its nature.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

Role of phosphate-containing compounds in the transfer of indium-111 and gallium-67 from transferrin to ferritin.

Physiologic concentrations of ATP stimulate the translocation of gallium-67 (67Ga) from human transferrin (TF) to horse ferritin (HoFE). The mechanism of this translocation was examined. One millimolar ATP did not speed the binding of 67Ga or indium-111 (111In) to HoFE. ATP and pyrophosphate (PPi) at 1 mM, did not form high affinity complexes with 67Ga or 111In. ATP and PPi interacted directly with the [67Ga]TF complex and could within minutes increase the amount of nonprotein-bound 67Ga. Serum HCO3- concentration, 30 mM, prevented the ATP-induced dissociation of 67Ga from TF, whereas intracellular concentrations (0.4 and 5 mM) did not. Using a dialysis technique, ATP also stimulated the translocation of 111In from TF to HoFE; however, this process was much slower than with 67Ga. ATP caused an increase in the nonprotein-bound 111In compared to the control. These results suggest the formation of nonprotein-bound nuclide by these phosphate-containing compounds in a kinetically labile form is important to the translocation mechanism.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1989

[Study of dilated cardiomyopathies using gallium 67 myocardial scintigraphy].

Twenty-seven patients were diagnosed as having dilated cardiomyopathies, based on increases in the cardiothoracic index greater than 0.50, in the diastolic and systolic diameters of the left ventricle, and in the telediastolic volume of the left ventricle, which was indexed by body surface determined by contrast ventriculography. They underwent gallium 67 scintigraphic examination of the myocardium, in order to non-invasively detect the presence of an inflammatory infiltrate. Fifteen of them also had endomyocardial biopsies and all had virology check-up. The results were disappointing. Only in one case was the scintigraphic image undeniably positive; in 20 other patients the findings were dubious or negative. This technique did not demonstrate the presence of an inflammatory infiltrate and thus we could not establish an association between myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Gallium-67 imaging in patients with myocarditis in childhood and youth].

Gallium-67 (Ga-67) myocardial imaging was performed in 19 patients (1 month to 21 years of age) with proven or suspected myocarditis. The anterior images, 48 hrs after the intravenous administration of 0.5-2.0 mCi Ga-67 citrate, were analysed using a computer. Regions of interest were set on the heart, lungs and background, excluding the sternum and vertebrae. The uptake of Ga-67 was evaluated quantitatively by the ratio of the average count of the heart to the average count of the lung (H/L). When the H/L value was higher than 130% the cardiac uptake of Ga-67 was designated positive. Histological examination was performed in 11 patients who underwent right endomyocardial biopsy. The patients were categorized according to their clinical findings. Group 1 consisted of 11 patients with clinical symptoms of dilated cardiomyopathy, six of whom had arrhythmias or elevated serum CPK-MB levels (group Ia) in the acute stage of the disease, and the remaining five had neither (group Ib). Group 2 consisted of eight patients with dysrhythmias but without heart failure. Four had elevated serum CPK-MB levels (group IIa), but the remaining four did not (group IIb). All patients in the group Ia had positive Ga-67 uptakes, and three patients in the group Ib had negative uptakes. The H/L values were significantly higher in the group Ia than in the group Ib (p less than 0.02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of bowel preparation methods for gallium scanning.

Gallium-67, when injected into the body, is an important diagnostic aid for a variety of diseases. Because it is excreted by the liver into the bowel where accumulation of it can interfere with interpretation of abdominal and pelvic areas, adequate bowel cleansing is necessary. A study comparing three methods of bowel preparation showed the Evac-Q-Kit method to be the most satisfactory and cost effective.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Uptake of myocardial imaging agents by rejecting and nonrejecting cardiac transplants. A comparative clinical study of thallium-201, technetium-99m, and gallium-67.

To study the scintigraphic detectability of cardiac rejection, we performed 135 planar myocardial scans ([99mTc]pyrophosphate, 85; 201Tl, 36; 67Ga, 14) together with endomyocardial biopsies in ten patients for a (mean) 17-mo postoperative period. Specificity of each agent exceeded 89%. Technetium-99m pyrophosphate showed results that significantly correlated with the severity of rejection (p = 0.03), as shown by biopsy, but neither 201Tl nor 67Ga did so (p = 0.63 and 0.81, respectively). Technetium-99m pyrophosphate showed better diagnostic accuracy (85%) than 201Tl (69%) and 67Ga (64%). Technetium-99m pyrophosphate also showed higher negative predictive value (91%) than thallium (76%) and gallium (69%). Thus, a normal 99mTc pyrophosphate scan was usually associated with absence of cardiac rejection. However, all three agents showed unacceptably poor sensitivity (0% to 30%) and thus were not useful as a screening test for cardiac rejection, even when the same agent was used serially in imaging a given patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Clinical and microstructural comparative studies on fillings made from gallium-tin-nickel alloys and from silver-tin amalgam].

The filling material "Gallodent" has been clinically controlled for a period of one year. Scanning electron microscopic examinnations revealed greater surface porosity with negligible microleakage and better marginal adaptation as compared to amalgam. Early corrosion phenomena required re-polishing every three months. This disadvantage and the brittleness of the gallium-tin-nickel alloys hinder, at present, these alloys from superseding high-silver amalgams.

Dental Amalgam↗
PubMed1989

Transferrin receptor-mediated suppression of in vitro hematopoiesis by transferrin-gallium.

The expression of transferrin receptors on cells is felt to reflect iron requirements for proliferation or for hemoglobin production. We have recently shown that transferrin-gallium (Tf-Ga) complexes bind to cellular transferrin receptors and inhibit cellular iron incorporation. In this study, Tf-Ga in a dose-dependent manner inhibited the growth of erythroid (erythroid burst-forming units [BFU-E]-derived), granulocyte-macrophage (granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units [CFU-GM]-derived) and mixed (mixed CFU [CFU-GEMM]-derived) hematopoietic colonies. Although major differences in the response of the different progenitor cells to Tf-Ga were not seen, CFU-GEMM-derived colonies appeared to be more sensitive to growth inhibition by Tf-Ga. The inhibitory effects on colony growth were reversible after 48 h of exposure of marrow cells to Tf-Ga, suggesting that the initial effects of Tf-Ga were mainly cytostatic and that continuous exposure of cells to Tf-Ga was required for maximal growth inhibition. Transferrin-iron (Tf-Fe) added to the Tf-Ga-containing cultures restored colony growth; however, this effect was best seen when Tf-Fe was added at day 0 of incubation. Tf-Fe added on days 3 or 7 failed to restore GEMM colonies and restored only a fraction of BFU-E and GM colonies. Tf-Ga appears to inhibit hematopoietic progenitor cell growth by interfering with cellular iron utilization during an early phase of progenitor cell proliferation. The use of Tf-Ga may allow further exploration of the role of iron and the Tf receptor in the regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell growth.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1987

Gallium-67 scintigraphy and non-small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma: a quantitative in-vivo predictive assay?

Gallium-67 scintigraphy has been of limited use in detecting lung cancers and micrometastases. To study its potential for determining the aggressiveness of a cancer, we reviewed the charts of 44 patients with non-small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma who had not been receiving treatment when 67Ga scintigraphy was performed. The mean length of survival for the 18 patients with low or little uptake of the tracer, corrected for tumour size, was 19.7 months, and for the 26 with high uptake 9.4 months (p less than 0.01). Such in-vivo predictive assays may be a rational goal for tumour scintigraphy.

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic↗