SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “FRIENDSHIP”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,135 records · Page 63Linked to original sources

PubMed1979

Locus of control and symptoms of psychological distress among Chinese-Americans.

A sample of Chinese-Americans in the District of Columbia was drawn to examine the relationship between the locus of control, the personality factor, and two indices of symptoms of psychological distress. The findings indicated that the externals scored higher on symptomatology than did the internals. A multivariate analysis further compared the predictive utility of locus of control with other determinants of psychiatric symptoms, i.e., sex, marital status, SES, kinship and friendship tie, and amount of life change. The evidence showed that locus of control is an important determinant of Chinese-Americans' symptomatology. It accounted for a greater proportion of the variance in the two indices of psychological distress than did the other independent variables.

Acculturation↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The socioemotional adjustment of adolescents with LD in the kibbutz during high school transition periods.

This study examined several aspects of the socioemotional experiences (i.e., loneliness, social skills, reciprocal friendship, reciprocal rejection, and social status) of adolescents with and without learning disabilities in an Israeli kibbutz environment during school transition periods. The sample consisted of 106 students with learning disabilities (LD; 74 boys and 32 girls) and 101 students without learning disabilities (NLD; 62 boys and 39 girls) drawn from seventh grade (i.e., early adolescence) and ninth grade (i.e., middle adolescence). The results revealed that seventh- and ninth-grade adolescents with LD received more social peer rejection than did NLD group adolescents, and students with LD were judged by their teachers to exhibit lower social skills and higher behavioral problems than their classmates. No significant group differences were found on loneliness, but an age-related increase in loneliness feelings was noted, which was independent from group membership and gender. Gender differences on self-report, peer ratings, and teachers' ratings on social measures in favor of girls were demonstrated. The discussion focuses on the potential impact of school transitions and of the developmental environment provided in the kibbutz on adolescents' socioemotional functioning and adjustment.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1990

Employment outcomes and social integration of students with mild handicaps: the quality of life two years after high school.

The employment outcomes and social adjustment of mildly handicapped students were examined in a sample of 65 randomly selected youths who exited high school in 1984. Personal and telephone interviews were conducted to obtain current employment data such as income, employment and training history, and use of community and social services in securing employment. Postschool social adjustment data included marital status, place of residence, types and frequency of social activities, friendship patterns, and satisfaction with social life. Seventy-eight percent of the respondents were employed. The majority worked on a full-time basis for minimum wage or better, were satisfied with their jobs, and relied on a self-family-friend network to secure employment. The majority of respondents were single, resided at home, and engaged in a variety of social activities on a regular basis. When the employment and social activity variables were combined, it was found that over 60% of the respondents were employed and held positive perceptions of their social life.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

L'Arche Daybreak: an example of interfaith ministry among people with developmental disabilities.

Describes pastoral support of a representational Jewish adult with a developmental disability in a predominantly Christian setting, including Bat Mitzvah preparation and celebration, and the resulting growth in self-esteem. Outlines how this undertaking initiates a transformation into interfaith awareness and appreciation in the author and in the surrounding Jewish and Christian communities. Urges recognition of the gift of people with disabilities to bring together others of varied religious traditions in mutual appreciation and friendship.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Great doctors and medical worthies.

After Harvey's visits to Scotland with Charles I the formation of a united Caroline University in Aberdeen was thwarted by the Civil War. In Oxford Harvey instituted a group of medical scientists, forerunners of the Royal Society, who almost explained the physiology of respiration. Harvey had several things in common with Dr Samuel Johnson. Johnson's medical knowledge and contacts are emphasised, examples of 17th and 18th century health regimens are given and Johnson's friendship with Scottish medical men and some others connected with the Royal College of Physicians and the Harveian Society of Edingburgh are described.

History, 17th Century↗

PubMed2005

Stereotype content model explains prejudice for an envied outgroup: Scale of anti-Asian American Stereotypes.

The Stereotype Content Model hypothesizes anti-Asian American stereotypes differentiating two dimensions: (excessive) competence and (deficient) sociability. The Scale of Anti-Asian American Stereotypes (SAAAS) shows this envious mixed prejudice in six studies. Study 1 began with 131 racial attitude items. Studies 2 and 3 tested 684 respondents on a focused 25-item version. Studies 4 and 5 tested the final 25-item SAAAS on 222 respondents at three campuses; scores predicted outgroup friendships, cultural experiences, and (over)estimated campus presence. Study 6 showed that allegedly low sociability, rather than excessively high competence, drives rejection of Asian Americans, consistent with system justification theory. The SAAAS demonstrates mixed, envious anti-Asian American prejudice, contrasting with more-often-studied contemptuous racial prejudices (i.e., against Blacks).

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2005

How I see me depends on how I see we: the role of attachment style in social comparison.

The self-concept is a social, flexible construct that shifts in response to the salience of a relationship partner. Three related experiments found that the tendency to pursue closeness in relationships (as measured by attachment style) served as a moderator of the shift. Specifically, individuals who avoid closeness in relationships became less similar to salient friends via contrast effects, whereas those who pursued closeness in relationships became more similar to salient friends via assimilation effects. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for the nature of the self-concept and the importance of friendships.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Approach and avoidance motivation in the social domain.

This research put Gable's (in press) hierarchical model of approach-avoidance social motivation to empirical test using newly developed measures of friendship-approach and avoidance goals. The results from Study 1 supported the psychometric soundness of the new goal measures and showed the anticipated differential predictive patterns for the two goals. The results from Study 2 provided further evidence of the psychometric soundness of the new goal measures and provided support for the full hierarchical model in longitudinal analyses of subjective well-being and physical symptomotology. Implications of the present research for understanding motivation both within and beyond the social domain are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2006

Sex differences in regret: all for love or some for lust?

Few sex differences in regret or counterfactual thinking are evident in past research. The authors discovered a sex difference in regret that is both domain-specific (i.e., unique to romantic relationships) and interpretable within a convergence of theories of evolution and regulatory focus. Three studies showed that within romantic relationships, men emphasize regrets of inaction over action (which correspond to promotion vs. prevention goals, respectively), whereas women report regrets of inaction and action with equivalent frequency. Sex differences were not evident in other interpersonal regrets (friendship, parental, sibling interactions) and were not moderated by relationship status. Although the sex difference was evident in regrets centering on both sexual and nonsexual relationship aspects, it was substantially larger for sexual regrets. These findings underscore the utility of applying an evolutionary perspective to better understand goal-regulating, cognitive processes.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Social relations and the self-esteem of older persons.

This study employs survey data from a sample of persons 55 years of age and older to examine the antecedents of self-esteem. Hypotheses are derived from a theoretical orientation that hinges on the ability of the individual to terminate relations that might be productive of negative reflected appraisals. Consistent with hypotheses, friendship interaction is positively related to self-esteem, whereas kinship interaction is not. Marital satisfaction also affects self-esteem positively; among men, this effect is stronger for the retired than for the employed. Finally, never-married and nonemployed older women have lower self-esteem than other women have. Implications are drawn regarding the importance and role of self-esteem in theories of psychological well-being among older persons.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

Violence against women. Examining ethnic differences and commonalities.

Ethnic differences and commonalities rarely have been the focus of community-based research on violence against women. The few existing studies typically used survey instruments developed on and used with Anglos and simply applied them to members of other ethnic groups. The proposed conceptual framework is based on a review of the published literature and on information gleaned from focus groups conducted with women and men from four ethnic groups (Black, White, Asian, and Latino). Ethnicity and culture--along with broad social factors and institutions, gender role definitions, kin and friendship networks, and individual life-course factors--influence what behaviors are acceptable in an intimate relationship. The intersection of gender and ethnicity is hypothesized to influence the options that a woman perceives, the help she seeks, and the nature and scope of violence she experiences in an intimate relationship. Observations relevant to research, policy, and service provision are offered.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Social support and long-term survivors of AIDS.

A naturalistic study design using ethnographic interviews was employed to elicit data about the phenomenon of being a long-term survivor of AIDS from 14 men and 6 women. Data were generated through multiple intensive open-ended interviews, demographic data sheets, and self-reported CD4 counts. Data were analyzed using latent and manifest content analysis techniques and the method of constant comparison. One of the dimensions that emerged from the data was "being in relation to others," the complex set of interpersonal relationships that have been renegotiated to maintain the reconstructed life. Specific ways of being in relation to others included dealing with one's family, renegotiating the friendship group, helping others with HIV, and developing a relationship with a higher power. The results of this study have implications for counseling people with HIV disease, and for nursing actions to enhance social support in this vulnerable group.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed2001

Community attitudes toward people with schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE: We surveyed public attitudes toward people with schizophrenia as part of a pilot project for the World Psychiatric Association's Global Campaign to Fight Stigma and Discrimination Because of Schizophrenia. METHODS: We conducted random-digit telephone surveys with 1653 respondents (aged 15 years or over) residing in 2 adjacent rural and urban health regions (71.9% response rate). A brief interview collected information on experiences with people with a mental illness or schizophrenia, knowledge of causes and treatments for schizophrenia, and levels of social distance felt toward people with schizophrenia. RESULTS: One-half of the sample had known someone treated for schizophrenia or another mental illness. Of those able to identify a cause of schizophrenia (two-thirds), most identified a biological cause, usually a brain disease. Social distance increased with the level of intimacy required. One in 5 respondents thought they would be unable to maintain a friendship with, one-half would be unable to room with, and three-quarters would be unable to marry, someone with schizophrenia. Those over 60 were least knowledgeable or enlightened and the most socially distancing. Greater knowledge was associated with less-distancing attitudes. When other factors were controlled, exposure to the mentally ill was not correlated with knowledge or attitudes, even among those who had worked in agencies providing services to the mentally ill. CONCLUSIONS: Most respondents were relatively well informed and progressive in their reported understanding of schizophrenia and its treatment. Clear subgroup differences were apparent with respect to age and knowledge. Knowledge of schizophrenia, not exposure to the mentally ill, was a central modifiable correlate of stigma.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

The meaning of body image for women with eating disorders.

OBJECTIVE: To propose a theoretical model accounting for the meaning and function of body image disturbances for individuals with eating disorders. This model departs from available conceptualizations of body image focused on attractiveness and emphasizes the role of body image preoccupations in the regulation of self-esteem and affect. METHOD: This model was developed on the basis of the author's clinical observations and the available empirical research. RESULTS: Three main functions of body image are described. The first one, "affiliation," consists of using one's appearance in the establishment of interpersonal relationships, both at the level of friendship and romance. The second function, "avoidance," consists of using one's body image to avoid abuse, be it psychological, physical, or sexual. The third function, "expression," consists of using one's body image to communicate to the self and others one's capacity for accomplishment or one's inner feelings of dejection. CONCLUSION: This model is designed to be a therapeutic tool within body image therapy. Body image therapy can be most effective when focused on the unique meaning of body image for each individual patient.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

The meaning of support as narrated by family carers who care for a senior relative at home.

The authors' aim in this study is to illuminate the meaning of support as narrated by family members who care for a senior relative at home. This study originates from a context of advanced in-home palliative care in Sweden. Twenty individuals who cared for a senior relative at home participated. Narrative interviews resulted in a text, which the authors analyzed in three recurring phases, naive understanding, structural analyses, and comprehensive understanding, using a phenomenological hermeneutical method. They formulated two themes from the analysis: Experiencing a togetherness with others in caring and Sensing togetherness with oneself in caring. The meaning of support was understood here as Sensing togetherness. In the comprehensive understanding, the authors further illuminate this meaning using literature on the concepts of friendship, inner strength, and manageability through the sense of coherence theory. They provide suggestions for relevance to practice and further research.

Aged↗

PubMed2002

Small group intervention for children with attention disorders.

Children with attention disorders can experience adverse long-term effects on academic performance, vocational success, and socioemotional development. They experience some level of functional impairment that extends across settings, including the home and school. In combination with medication, group interventions with school-age children were found to be effective for enhancing social behavior. This article describes two practice improvement projects that provided group experiences for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, including disruptive behavior. Four skill domains were addressed: communication, friendship, self-control, and social problem solving. One project provided activities for early school-age children with ADHD who were treated with medication only. Another provided a support group on self-management for freshman boys with ADHD who were also treated with medication only. In both projects, the disruptive behavior of the participants decreased by the end of the group sessions.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Small group experience for socially withdrawn girls.

Social competence is the effectiveness of social interaction behavior. Given its link to mental health outcomes, it is an important consideration in child and adolescent development. Social withdrawal is associated with depression. Socially withdrawn children make few social initiations and tend to be isolated in their play, further limiting their social involvement. To develop effective social behavior, experiences must be provided to learn relationship skills. This practice improvement project provided a small group experience for five socially withdrawn school-age girls. Weekly group meetings provided a social situation in which conversations could occur around a shared snack and craft project. The school nurse facilitated self-assertion and the expression of prosocial behavior in a socially safe (nonrejecting) environment and promoted social problem solving. On completion of the program, the participants not only showed more effective social reasoning and social skills, but developed friendships with each other that lasted beyond the life of the group.

Child↗

PubMed2004

Identifying and intervening in relational aggression.

Chronic victimization by bullies has been associated with academic failure in adolescence, as well as adjustment difficulties, depression, and suicidal ideation. Relational aggression is a form of bullying that is a problem for adolescent girls. It often takes the form of damaging peer relationships and includes verbal assaults such as teasing or name calling, as well as psychological attacks such as gossip, social exclusion, and strategic friendship manipulations. A girl's ability to identify these indirect attacks may be imperative for her to enact an effective defense. Because many students do not recognize relational aggression as a form of bullying, their experiences often go unreported to parents or teachers. School nurses may be the front line of defense. With this in mind, school nurses must be informed about bullying behaviors, equipped to identify these behaviors, and prepared to intervene with victims as well as perpetrators of bullying.

Adolescent↗