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PubMedDate not supplied

[Diagnostic valve of ELISA-IgG for trichinosis using Melcher's antigen].

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for trichinosis using a Melcher's antigen was developed for the detection of IgG antibodies in 41 serum samples from patients confirmed or suspected to have trichinosis by strong clinical and epidemiological evidences. ELISA- IgG was compared with a precipitin test (PT), a bentonite floculation test (BFT) and an indirect hemagglutination test (IHAT). The cut-off value was determined using serum samples from 67 apparently healthy persons employing two serum dilutions (1:100 and 1:500) with three standard deviations (SD). The sensitivity of ELISA- IgG was 97.6% and 95.2% using serum dilutions of 1:100 and 1:500 respectively, whereas the values for the other tests were: PT (92.7%), BFT (63.4%) and IHAT(85.4%). According to MacNemar test, ELISA-IgG did not present statistical significance (p > 0.05) compared with PT and IHAT, whereas all of them were different compared with BHT (p > 0.01). In order to find out the specificity of ELISA-IgG, additional 124 serum samples from individuals with other parasitoses, such as cysticercosis (31), fascioliasis (17), hydatidosis (51) and toxocariasis (25) were also tested. ELISA-IgG presented a specificity of 99.5% with both serum dilutions. The positive predictive values were 97.6 and 97.5%, whereas the negative one were 99.5 and 99.0% for 1:100 and 1:500 serum dilutions respectively. The use of ELISA-IgG and Melcher's antigen in the diagnosis of human trichinosis is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Pharmacological basis for hepatic drug metabolism in sheep.

Age-related changes in hepatic drug metabolizing activities of Lacaune ewes were determined in foetal, neonatal, growing, pregnant and adult animals. The ontogenic evolution of cytochrome P450 was compared to those of microsomal monooxygenases and some microsomal and cytosolic transferases. The involvement of two purified izoenzymes P4502B and P4503A was determined in the N-demethylation of various substrates and the hydroxylations of progesterone. An experimental fascioliasis, provoked by the oral administration of 150 metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica to sheep, was proposed as a pathological model. Its effect was measured on the pharmacokinetics of various hepatic tracers and veterinary drugs. The mean residence times of antipyrine, pentobarbital, albendazole and mebendazole were increased in infected lambs with consequences on the urinary excretion of 4-hydroxyantipyrine, prolongation of pentobarbital-induced sleeping time, elimination of albendazole sulfone and reduced mebendazole. The characteristic decrease in liver cytochrome P450 could be responsible for most of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes observed in fluke-infected ruminants.

Aging↗
PubMed1998

Seasonal variation in molluscicidal activity of Solanum nigrum L.

Solanum nigrum L. leaves and fruits were shown to have molluscicidal activities against snails transmitting schistosomiasis and fascioliasis. In the present study, their molluscicidal activity against adult Biomphalaria alexandrina snails was assessed to determine whether plants collected at various seasons would have different degrees of toxicity. Leaves and fruits of three S. nigrum varieties were collected from Faiyoum and/or Giza during the four seasons. Leaves collected in autumn had the highest effect (LC50-35.4) followed by spring (LC50 = 44.36), summer (LC50 = 46.7) and winter (LC50 = 100.4). Toxicity of plant extracts was also affected by other seasonal dependent factors. These are the duration of plant exposure to direct sunlight and the size of the fruits. S. nigrum (black fruits) was more toxic (LC50 = 18.1) than the other two types, S. nigrum v. vellosum (yellow fruits) (LC50 = 38.9) and S. nigrum v. juidaicum (red fruits) (LC50 = 34.7).

Animals↗