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At least 1,135 records · Page 63Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

John Langdon Down: the man and the message.

John Langdon Down was the son of a village grocer. Born in Torpoint, Cornwall, in 1828, he was the 6th child of religious parents. He worked in the family business until he was 18 years old and he then qualified as a pharmacist before ultimately entering medical school at the London Hospital. He won numerous medals and prizes and immediately after taking his medical degree he was appointed medical superintendent of the Royal Earlswood Asylum for Idiots in Surrey. He reformed the institution and his efforts at classification resulted in his description of what he called Mongolian idiocy. His findings were based on measurements of the diameters of the head and of the palate and on his series of clinical photographs. He was a pioneer of the use of photography in hospitals. Mongolian idiocy became a widely used term but in 1961 a group of genetic experts wrote to the Lancet suggesting four alternatives. The editor chose Down's syndrome. WHO endorsed this later. Langdon Down was a supporter of liberal causes. He made important contributions to medical science, developed a large practice and he died a wealthy man in 1896. Normansfield, his private training and educational centre, had an international reputation. Only recently has his place in medical history been recognized.

Down Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Umbilical metastasis (Sister Joseph's nodule) from carcinoma of the vagina.

A case is reported of a squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina with metastasis to the umbilicus (Sister Mary Joseph's nodule). Systemic cisplatinum chemotherapy resulted in partial response, however, the "nodule" was a sign of poor prognosis and indicative of short-term survival. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of umbilical metastasis from a primary carcinoma of the vagina.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed2000

Recurrent artery of Heubner: Otto Heubner's description of the artery and his influence on pediatrics in Germany.

Although the recurrent artery of Heubner is one of the best known cerebral arteries, little has been written in the neurosurgical or anatomical literature about its discovery. The artery is of primary importance to cerebrovascular surgeons, who identify it during clipping of anterior communicating artery aneurysms. Johann Otto Leonhardt Heubner (1843-1926), who described this artery in 1872, is better known as the father of German pediatrics. He was appointed to the first professorship in Germany exclusively devoted to pediatrics at the Charité Children's Clinic of Berlin University. Although he initially studied internal medicine in Leipzig under Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich and Ernst Leberecht Wagner, his early research involved anatomical studies of the circulation of the brain, from which he described syphilitic endarteritis (Heubner's disease). Finding morphological studies inconclusive, he turned to more physiological experiments. Together with the physiologist Max Rubner, Heubner performed important studies on energy metabolism in infancy, creating the notion of the nutrition quotient. In this article the authors review Heubner's life and scientific discoveries.

Anterior Cerebral Artery↗
PubMed2001

Development of the Spitz-Holter valve in Philadelphia.

The history of the treatment for hydrocephalus dates back to the Fertile Crescent thousands of years ago. Despite three millennia of management, significant advances in the surgical treatment of the disease have been infrequent. During the 1950s, a milestone occurred at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, with the successful development of the first working shunt valve for the treatment of hydrocephalus. In this historical vignette, based on recent interviews with John Holter, D.Sc. (Hon) and Eugene Spitz. M.D., and on a review of the available literature, the authors narrate the exciting story of the development of the Spitz-Holter valve, which took place in Philadelphia during the early 1950s.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts↗
PubMed1997

Life story of Dr. Hulusi Behçet.

Dr. Hulusi Behçet was born on February 20, 1889 in Istanbul. He graduated from Gülhane Military Medical Academy in 1910 and then he specialized in Dermatology and Venereal Diseases. He served in the Edirne Military Hospital between 1914-1918 and then went to Budapest and Berlin to improve his knowledge. In 1923, he started at the Istanbul Medical Faculty as an academic staff and with university reform in 1933, he was appointed as a professor to Department of Dermatology and Venereal Diseases and continued his career there until his death in 1948. Three patients whom he had consulted for years and who shared similar symptoms made him suspect a new disease and a viral etiology which may play a role in the appearance of this disease. After several discussions and publications, medical literature had accepted Behçet's Disease as a special entity. Dr. Behçet published a total of 196 articles, 53 of which were published in prestigious international journals.

Behcet Syndrome↗
PubMed2001

The history of Barrett esophagus.

The term Barrett esophagus has become well established in the medical literature to indicate columnar metaplasia of the distal esophagus associated with chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease. However, the historical events that led to the use of this term have become obscured. Here, the historical aspects of Barrett esophagus are reviewed, providing insight not only to this condition but also to the evolution of medical thought in general.

Barrett Esophagus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Holy disorders.

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Armenia↗
PubMed1999

Percivall Pott.

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Barber Surgeons↗