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At least 1,135 records · Page 63Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Autoimmune dermatoses: new therapeutic strategies].

In the recent past, advances in both basic and clinical research have considerably contributed to the understanding of the cellular and molecular events that lead to autoimmune diseases. Nevertheless, current treatment protocols are essentially confined to systemic corticosteroids and cytotoxic agents. These are effective in controlling inflammation, however the occurrence of relapses after the treatment is stopped and the risks of toxicity and long-term immunosuppression necessitate the search for more selective strategies of immunointervention. Major efforts are directed towards therapies with increased cellular selectivity and, ideally, autoantigen specificity. Cyclosporine A, monoclonal antibodies (anti-CD4) and immunotoxins (IL-2 fusion toxins) currently constitute the main clinical orientation. At the experimental level, strategies are directed towards antigen-specific manipulation of costimulatory pathways (anti-gp39, CTLA4Ig), peptide therapy (MHC antagonism, TCR vaccination), and tolerance induction to the autoantigen (oral tolerization). Alternatively, intervention in the cytokine cascade of the inflammatory response by means of cytokine-induced immunomodulation (IL-4, IL-10) or cytokine antagonism (anti-TNF alpha) are strategies with a therapeutic potential. However, it must be borne in mind, that in animal models of antigen-induced autoimmune disease, it is simple to intervene in the development of autoimmunity, since the induction events are designed by the investigator. In contrast, in the majority of patients with autoimmune disease, we do not know whether a specific autoantigen initiated the disease, nor do we know the time point at which the antigenic challenge occurred. As clinicians we are faced with late-term manifestations of the immunologic events that lead to clinical disease. Finally, in limited forms of cutaneous autoimmune disease, it is important to recognize distinct subsets with a favorable prognosis, for which less aggressive therapeutic modalities may be used.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed2000

[Zoonoses and dermatoses: the veterinarian's point of view].

Pets live more and more in contact with humans. It is then usual to observe occasionally cutaneous problems transmitted from the animal to the man. The most important risk of dermatozoonosis is dermatophytosis because of a lot of dogs or cats seem to be asymptomatic carriers. Pruritus in owners of pets developing a "mange" is also a complaint very often evokated during the veterinary consultation. Even if this problem could be sometimes very spectacular, in the majority of the cases, all the symptoms in humans disappear with the management of the skin disease in pets. A review of the animal dermatosis presenting a risk for the humans is proposed in the present paper.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Detection of specific IgE as a screening tool for cow and swine breeders' occupational allergic dermatoses.

The study aimed at assessing whether detection of IgE specific to cow and swine allergens can be used as a screening tool for farmers' occupational eczema. Serum samples were taken from 51 farmers. The farmers were questioned about work-related skin symptoms using a nurse-administered questionnaire, verified by a dermatologist. Sera of 29 cow breeders were tested for IgE antibodies specific to cow dander and bovine serum albumin. Sera of 22 swine breeders were tested for IgE specific to swine epithelium, swine serum albumin, and swine urine proteins. Among cow breeders, IgE specific to cow dander was found in one farmer. Among swine breeders, IgE specific to swine epithelium was found also in one subject. On first examination, the cow breeder complained of slight itching of the conjunctivae while working in a cow barn and had no other allergic symptoms. One year later, however, he noticed episodes of hand eczema after contact with cows. In the IgE-positive swine breeder, only mild stationary psoriasis, and no work-related symptoms were found. Among the remaining 28 IgE-negative cow breeders, 11 complained of skin symptoms, but these were not related to working with cows; among 21 IgE-negative swine breeders, 7 subjects had skin diseases, none of which were related to working with swine. We conclude that detection of animal antigen-specific IgE may be an useful screening tool, although an exact assessment of sensitivity and specificity of the method in a larger population of exposed farmers will be required.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Nail localization of dermatoses].

The nail unit may reflect a dermatological disease by its own. Actually, its involvement may account for the existence of a skin disease that never showed before (i.e. lichen planus). But since the nail apparatus has a limited repertoire of clinical expressions (hyperkeratosis, onycholysis, paronychia...), the diagnosis may be sometimes difficult even for the most trained physician. Nail involvement may be however an additional clue in the diagnosis of an atypical skin disease. In that case, it might help in the final correct diagnosis provided that the physician did not forget that clinical examination of the nails is part of a dermatological examination.

Darier Disease↗
PubMed2000

Dermatoses in African-Americans.

Many cutaneous diseases which afflict Caucasians also occur in Blacks. However, some of these diseases may occur more commonly in African-Americans or present in an "atypical" or different manner. It is important to be aware of these variations in presentation to properly diagnose and manage these diseases. There is also a subset of skin diseases which are unique to Black patients about which the clinician should be knowledgeable. Finally, because so many skin diseases can affect the pigmentary system, causing hypopigmentation or hyperpigmentation, the social and psychological impact of cutaneous disease at times may be more devastating in African-Americans.

Black People↗