Fluvoxamine treatment of body dysmorphic disorder.
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Adult↗
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Results for “Compulsive Personality Disorder”
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[The Beck Anxiety Inventory. Psychometric properties of a French translation].
The Beck Anxiety Inventory (Beck, Epstein, Brown, & Steer, 1988) is a 21-item checklist developed with large clinical samples to measure anxiety symptoms associated with DSM III-R (APA, 1987) anxiety disorders. Administration and scoring are rapid; the patient rates symptom intensity during the last seven days on a 0 to 3 scale. The BAI adequately covers the major cognitive, affective, and physiological symptoms of anxiety. Care was taken during scale construction to eliminate items that would be confounded with depression items. The authors demonstrate excellent reliability and appropriate convergent and discriminant validity with other measures of anxiety and depression as well as criterion-related validity with in patient samples (Beck et al., 1988). The properties of the BAI have been further studied by Beck and collaborators as well as by other groups of researchers. Since its appearance in 1988 the BAI has quickly been adopted by clinical researchers in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Five studies present psychometric data on a French translation of the BAI. The translation process involved alternative versions by three translators, a panel of experts, and pilot testing on a group of 20 volunteers. The first study with university students (N = 72) indicated good internal consistence (Cronbach's alpha = .85) and stability (r = .63) at four weeks. The second study (N = 91) demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity significant positive: correlations with measures of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, irrational beliefs, and depression; significant negative correlations with assertiveness and self-esteem, and non-significant correlations with two measures of social desirability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adolescent↗
[Hatred and change of love into hatred from the psychiatric nosological aspect (author's transl)].
Pathological hatred affects belong to the paranoic reactions, paranoic developments and paranoid psychoses. The normal hatred affect helps as a means to the end of removing the object of hatred. The passion of hatred is an affect swinging between a feeling of triumph and a feeling of impotence and the cardinal symptom of a paranoic neurotic development. Hatred becomes monomania when the affect degenerates maniacally (e. g. queruousness) or perversely (e. g. misogyny). In catathymic mania, hatred is projected on to the "pursuer". The metamorphosis of love into hatred is historically and dynamically behind all normal and pathological manifestations of hatred.
Adult↗
A predictive study of obsessive-compulsive disorder response to clomipramine.
Studies on predictive factors of the obsessive-compulsive disorder response to pharmacologic treatment, specifically clomipramine, are relatively scarce. Forty-five patients treated for a mean period of 18.6 months were classified as having poor response, intermediate response and excellent response, defined by change scores on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. Poor and intermediate response patients were grouped together and compared with the excellent response subgroup. Univariate analysis showed length of illness, family history (siblings), initial compulsiveness score, and cleaning rituals as significant predictors. Two multiple regression analyses with these as independent or predictive variables showed higher initial scores on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale associated with poorer response to treatment but, most importantly, cleaning rituals as a predictor of poor or modest response to clomipramine. It may be important for the clinician to assess cleaning habits separately from the more frequently mentioned obsessive-compulsive symptom, hand washing. This distinction may have important clinical, therapeutic, and prognostic implications.
Adult↗
Further experience in conjoint psychotherapy of marital pairs.
Conjoint therapy of marital partners is a technique that lends itself to the counseling efforts of health professionals. Its growing use has, however, brought with it seemingly inevitable pitfalls, such as inadequate assessment of individual needs and psychopathology, overzealous application and disregard of certain contraindications, management problems and goal definition that may be unclear to patients or more related to the therapist's personality than to an objective view of the marriage dynamics. Despite the difficulties and pitfalls of this relatively new field, conjoint therapy can be the treatment of choice when the primary difficulties are related to the inability to cope in the marital situation, even though functioning in other social roles is adequate.
Adult↗
Compulsions in adults with mental retardation: prevalence, phenomenology, and comorbidity with stereotypy and self-injury.
A variety of conceptual similarities between compulsions seen in individuals with obsessive compulsive disorder and stereotypy and self-injury seen in individuals with mental retardation led us to investigate the prevalence, phenomenology, and comorbidity of compulsions in adults with severe or profound mental retardation. We developed simple assessment screening instruments for stereotypy and self-injury and used Gedye's Compulsive Behavior Checklist and found acceptable levels of reliability, stability, and validity for each instrument. Prevalences were as follows: stereotypy: 60.9%; self-injury: 46.6%; and compulsion: 40%. The occurrence of compulsions was significantly positively associated with the occurrence of stereotypy, self-injury, and stereotypy plus self-injury.
Adolescent↗
Treating the love-sick patient.
Love-sick patients come to therapy because they are suffering from an obsession. Their lover has left, apparently for good. They cannot accept this fact, mourn the loss and get on with life. Object relations theory offers a framework for better understanding their suffering. The patients described have experienced early relationship disturbances, and their adult love offered an illusory defence against deep feelings of fragility and low self-esteem. Accepting the finality of their lover's departure meant re-experiencing feelings of abandonment and worthlessness. An effective psychodynamic strategy in cases like these is to focus on these painful feelings, particularly as they appear in the therapy relationship. Learning to tolerate them in this relationship can be a positive step towards accepting the lover's departure.
Adult↗
[French version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale].
A French translation and adaptation of the Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale is presented, with reference to validation studies. This new synthetic and specific measurement tool represents an advance and would deserve a French validation study.
Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
[Preliminary study of a list of obsessional thoughts. Validation and factorial analysis].
The validation study and factorial analysis of a list of obsessive thoughts is presented. Four groups were compared. They included patients suffering from obsessive compulsive disorders (n = 22), depression (n = 21), phobias (n = 16) and a control group (n = 21). The four groups were comparable as far as age, sex, and educational level were concerned. The list of obsessive thoughts is valid, reliable, and has a good internal consistency. The factorial analysis showed a first factor (accounting for 37.22% of the variance) reflecting perfectionism, and a second factor (accounting for 12.10% of the variance) reflecting a pathological sense of responsibility.
Adult↗
[Anorexia nervosa. A frequent antecedent of obsessive compulsive disorder].
In a population of 60 patients suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorders, the authors find 5 patients (8.3% of the whole group), all female (13.1% of the whole female subgroup) with an anorexia nervosa among their antecedents, which represents a relatively important rate compared to the rarity of anorexia nervosa in the general population. Clinical particularities of the subgroup are then studied. Results from this work are partially comparable with those found in the single similar study in the literature.
Adolescent↗
[Psychometric evaluation of obsessive compulsive disorder. Recent diagnostic scales].
Several standardized instruments have been developed since 1970 to assess obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The most commonly used are discussed in this article. It appears that relatively little work has been done to evaluate these instruments psychometrically. Further research is needed to establish the value of these instruments before developing new ones.
France↗
Impairment of flying efficiency in anancastic pilots.
Previous work on the effects of stress upon flying efficiency has shown two types of psychological stress to exist; these are usually referred to as cognitive and affective stress, respectively. A refinement in affective stress analysis has enabled two subtypes of stress to be demonstrated--one is characterized by activity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and subjective feelings of rage, fear, anxiety, or frustration; the other by excessive rumination. These two subtypes are found in differing personality configurations. Ten pilots exhibiting the former type of stress, and 6 with the latter, sought personal counseling regarding domestic problems. They underwent a regiment of 1-h weekly sessions consisting of a psychometric assessment, a psychophysiological evaluation of stress, and a complex ILS task in a specially modified type D4 Link Trainer. The performance of both groups, in terms of deviations from zero and RT to cockpit drill, was found to differ significantly from the standardized norms obtained from control groups in earlier studies, and to differ significantly from each other. The SNS-aroused group showed maximum impairment at the beginning of the 20-min flight task, but gradually improved with time. The Ruminative group showed less, but consistent, impairment throughout the task. Overcontrolling was a characteristic of the former group, while errors of omission characterized the latter. The psychology of rumination is briefly mentioned, its incidence in pilots considered, and reference made to the beneficial effects of sodium diphenylhydantoinate for this condition.
Aerospace Medicine↗
[Modern typology of symptoms and obsessive-compulsive syndromes: results of a large French study of 615 patients].
OBJECTIVES: The most common strategy to search for homogenous subgroups of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) patients has been based on the OCD symptoms themselves as a classifying variables. The purpose of this study was to: expand recognition of major clinical OCD subtypes in a large cohort of patients recruited from the national french survey: "Screening-Understanding-Treating OCD"; reproduce preliminary data coming from a US collaborative study on OCD sub-types [Baer L, J Clin Psychiatry, 1994; 55 (3):18-23]. METHOD: From 731 OCD/OCS (OC disorder or syndromes) patients recruited in the phase 1 of the national french survey, complete collected data on the Y-BOCS Symptom Checklist (YBOCS-CL) were obtained in 615 patients and on the OCD spectrum inventory in 646 patients. Principal components analysis (PCA) was firstly applied on major symptom categories of the YBOCS-CL, and next on each individual symptom. Gender effect on clinical aspects of OCD was also explored by comparative descriptive analysis. RESULTS: The first PCA on major symptoms categories confirmed the grouping of all categories in three major factors, named as following: Facteur 1 = "Predominantly Compulsive" (loaded with items of symmetry, order, hoarding, repeting, counting, checking); Facteur 2 = "Predominantly Obsessive" (loaded with aggression, violent, religious, sexual obsessions) and Facteur 3 = "Mixed" (with contamination and somatic obsessions and washing compulsions). Our data seemed to be very close to US collaborative study that had found in a sample of 107 OCD patients, the presence of the same three major clinical factors. The second PCA applied on all YBOCS-CL individual items had provided interesting items groupings, suggesting a reorganization and re-labelling of YBOCS-CL symptoms categories. Therefore, a new presentation of the YBOCS-CL can be proposed with a more clinical relevance than the original version. Results from OC spectrum inventory showed high comorbidity rate with many of OCD related disorders. Finally, a gender influence on OC clinical manifestations was observed, especially more severity and higher rate of difficult OC-subtypes in male patients. The french national survey data on OC symptoms sub-typing and clustering showed a "natural" groupings of OC symptom categories which add more validity to the subtypes proposed by ICD-10 (based on syndromal predominance : obsessions, compulsions or mixed). These sub-categories are not part of the DSM III-R, neither of the new version of DSM IV!
Adult↗
[Hypothesis of the correlation of personality characteristics and the clinical history of bronchogenic cancer].
A correlation between the personality profile and the clinical history in lung cancer patients was studied. Selection of cases included in the sample only surgical patients with a medium educational level and a tested capability to understand a specific questionnaire. One hundred and seventy patients were selected and the so-called C.R.I.C.S. (Clinical-Rated Inventory of Character Style) was applied. Score variations were recorded after curative resection as well as during relapse. Changes in the character profile pattern were found in all subjects who experienced the disease and its surgical treatment. These changes occurred either in "regression"-with an increase of schizoid, narcissistic or hysterical aspects-or in a "positive evolution", with a decrease of paranoid traits and into a depressive position. The two groups of responses demonstrated a similar percentage.
Adult↗
Successful brief therapy of a retired elderly man with intractable pain, depression, and drug and alcohol dependence.
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Aged↗
[Follow-up of obsessive-compulsive disorders in childhood and adolescence--a review of the literature].
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Adolescent↗
[Oralization and other aspects of the primary function of the hand].
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Child↗
Homogamous and heterogamous marriages.
This paper explores two marital constructs set forth by Peter Giovacchini. The first is based on a symbiotic reenactment in which the investment of both partners is tenacious and reciprocal, an attachment which Giovacchini refers to as a "character object" relationship. It represents intrapsychic homogramy. In the second construct, this deep form of attraction is absent and the dyadic bond is superficial, frequently transitory. The latter couples do not require an elementary, intrapsychic bond but do share particular defensive traits or symptoms. Thus these unions are termed "symptom object" relationships and are characterologically heterogamous. By means of a group case study approach, this distinction was statistically supported. Furthermore, it was found that homogamous marriages stay in treatment longer, maintain a lower divorce rate, and respond best to individual psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Heterogamous marriages, by contrast, show a higher divorce rate and tend to leave therapy prior to termination. The research also suggests that the initial treatment of choice for this type of marriage may well be conjoint or group psychotherapy.
Compulsive Personality Disorder↗