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At least 1,135 records · Page 63Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Acceleration plethysmography to evaluate aging effect in cardiovascular system. Using new criteria of four wave patterns.

UNLABELLED: Acceleration plethysmography (APG) uses the second derivative of the waveform of the digital photoplethysmography to stabilize the baseline and to separate components of the waveform more clearly than the first derivative. The purposes of this study were 1) to investigate the association between APG and aging, using our new criteria of four patterns and 2) to test the clinical usefulness of APG for the prediction of the level of atherosclerosis. The examined subjects were 82 males and 308 females aged 30-69 years. Plethysmograms were recorded in the sitting position. We compared the distribution of four patterns of APG by age group and analyzed the predictor of changing waveforms. We also analyzed the association between wave patterns and the risk factors, i.e. total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, and current smoking status. THE RESULTS: -categorized four wave patterns were significantly associated with aging; -pulse pressure (PP), body height and sex influenced waveforms of APG independently of age; and -categorized wave patterns were associated with high serum TC among risk factors for atherosclerosis. Those results suggest that APG reflects the arterial wall properties which change with age and might predict the level of atherosclerosis. To provide further guidance for determining appropriate clinical interpretations of APG, it is required to consider the effects of PP, body height and sex. We conclude that simply categorized wave patterns of APG could be a useful noninvasive tool to evaluate aging in cardiovascular system.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Why a consensus conference on hormone replacement therapy and the cardiovascular system?

A recent randomized, placebo-control study of a combination of conjugated estrogens (0.625 mg) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (2.5 mg) known to bring considerable advantages to post-menopausal women, has concluded that the risks associated with its use outweigh the benefits. On the strength of these data the manufacturer began recommending that physicians consider alternatives to their product to treat post-menopausal symptoms. Since women take hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for compelling health reasons, it is important, not only to evaluate the new evidence, but also to translate it into terms which can be understood by women and their physicians. Although the focus of this conference is on the cardiovascular system, in order to place the present controversy in its proper perspective, it is necessary to consider also other adverse effects that frighten women, first and foremost, a possible increased risk of breast cancer. For several years it has been reported that there is an increased risk of invasive breast cancer with increased duration of HRT use, similar to what has been found for oral contraceptives. The situation is however, entirely different when addressing HRT and risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Here, a large body of evidence has, for years, pointed to a protective effect. Therefore, in the case of cardiovascular risk, we must proceed very cautiously and weigh the evidence, before concluding that HRT has indeed a negative effect on cardiovascular diseases. To properly do so, we must evaluate the validity and applicability of the findings presented in the latest study, since evidence indicates that the results of the study may not be applicable to women seeking HRT at the time of menopause. We also need to try and outline an overall "risk-benefit profile" for the use of HRT and we must aim at establishing a true dialogue between all parties concerned. Finally, we must obtain information, or state the lack of it, on possible different effects among the various estrogens, routes of administration and dosages, as well as possible different actions of the various progestins, their dosages and routes of administration.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1993

Molecular cloning of a novel putative G protein-coupled receptor expressed in the cardiovascular system.

A novel cDNA clone encoding a putative G protein-coupled receptor has been isolated from a rat aortic smooth muscle cDNA library. Sequence analysis of this clone reveals the structural features characteristic of this superfamily, with a high degree of sequence similarity to the Edg-1 receptor previously reported to be expressed in vascular endothelial cells. This novel receptor mRNA is expressed predominantly in the lung and heart. Although the ligand for this receptor has yet to be identified, the results suggest the existence of a new receptor subfamily in the cardiovascular system thus far unrecognized.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

[Advances in high speed MR imaging for the functional assessment of cardiovascular system].

Advances in high speed MR imaging methods are reviewed in connection with cardiac application. In cardiac MR imaging, the temporal relationship between signal acquisition and electrocardiogram has been altered with the progress from conventional spin-echo imaging to echo planar imaging. Introduction of K-space segmentation to electrocardiographic gating technique has realized a breath-hold cine MRI. As an example of functional MR imaging of the heart, assessment of left ventricular wall motion using turbo-FLASH imaging is presented. The importance of MR imaging for the functional assessment of cardiovascular system is increased by the recent progress in high speed imaging technique.

Electrocardiography↗
PubMed1999

Ageing of the cardiovascular system during 33 years of aerobic exercise.

BACKGROUND: increasing age affects aerobic capacity, with an average loss of 10% or more per decade. AIM: to determine the effect of ageing on the circulatory system in middle-aged men during 33 years of physical training. METHODS: 15 men initially aged 45 years took part in an exercise training programme for 25-33 years. Nine serial measurements were made at rest and during maximal effort. Aerobic training consisted of swimming, jogging, walking and cycling 3-4 times per week. Sessions were for 61-70 min at 77-84% of heart rate reserve. RESULTS: there was no change in resting heart rate, blood pressure, percentage fat or body composition. Minimal cardiovascular losses at maximal work included 5.8-6.8% in maximal oxygen uptake per decade, 25 beats in maximum heart rate and 26 beats in heart rate reserve. CONCLUSION: exercise training has a favourable effect on ageing of the cardiovascular system in older men, resulting in minimal loss of oxygen uptake, no rise in resting blood pressure and no change in body composition.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Indicator of adrenoreceptors in cell membranes: reference values and informative validity in the assessment of the functional state of the cardiovascular system].

A new method of individual determination of sympathoadrenal activity (SAA) uses the parameter of beta-adrenoreception in cell membranes (beta-ARM) based on the erythrocyte model. Correlation of an individual reference beta-ARM value with specific features of hypertension states, and CVS responses to psychoemotional stress was studied. Described are the method, and normal distribution of individual beta-ARM values in healthy flyers, aviation students, non-flyers, and aviators with diagnosed the neurocirculatory dystonia of hypertensive type and patients with the hypertonic disease of 2nd stage (the overall numbers of subjects = 221). Another group of healthy subjects and patients with the hypertonic disease of 1st stage and different reference beta-ARM values (n = 39) participated in determination of HR and BP levels during the verbal count test. On the evidence of individual beta-ARM distribution in the test groups, the upper limit of the beta-ARM physiological norm (16.0 arbitrary units) was suggested to be a critical parameter in diagnosis of a hyperadrenergic state. Analysis of hemodynamics and the quality of verbal count during performance of a psychoemotional test by subjects with varying reference beta-ARM values revealed hyperreactive cardiovascular systems in and less successful fulfillment of the count test by subjects with high beta-ARM.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Incidence of the involvement of the cardiovascular system in HIV infection.

The epidemiology of cardiac complications related to HIV, including cardiomyopathy, increased left ventricular mass, myocarditis, pericardial effusion, endocarditis, and malignancy, are discussed. An increased number of HIV-infected individuals may present with cardiac complications in the next decade as chronic viral infection, co-infections, drug therapy, and immunosuppression affect the heart. Understanding the nature and course of cardiac illness related to HIV infection may allow appropriate monitoring, early intervention and therapy, and will provide a baseline to evaluate the effects of new therapeutic regimens such as highly active antiretroviral therapy on the cardiovascular system.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neural control of the cardiovascular system during exercise. An integrative role for the vestibular system.

Precise regulatory signals are required in order to adjust the cardiovascular and respiratory systems to meet the demands of exercise. Two neural mechanisms, central command and a reflex originating in contracting muscles, are known to play a large role in exercise-associated adjustments in cardiovascular and respiratory activity. The extent to which other regulatory reflexes, such as vestibulo-autonomic reflexes, are able to impact upon the cardiovascular and respiratory systems during exercise is largely unknown. Further, brain regions that may integrate these control mechanisms are only starting to be investigated. We propose that medullary brain nuclei may integrate both exercise and vestibular signals to produce a more coordinated, and therefore efficient, means of adaptation to exercise in a gravitational environment.

Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1985

Effect of carbon disulphide on the cardiovascular system.

Biochemical, histological and electron-microscopic examinations of the heart and the aorta of albino rats exposed to carbon disulphide in concentrations of 10, 50, 100 and 200 mg . m-3 were carried out. Changes in the metabolic and energetic processes in the myocardium and in the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the connective tissue of the aortal vessel wall were observed. The established disorders follow the dose-effect dependence. The authors studied the effect of carbon disulphide in concentrations of 10 and 50 mg . m-3 on the electrophoretic spectrum of serum proteins, the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of fibrous structures in the myocardium and the aorta of albino rats fed on atherogenic diet (cholesterol, cholic acid and vitamin D2). The combination of carbon disulphide with the atherogenic factor leads to intensification of changes in the cardiovascular system and in serum proteins, observed after independent exposure to either of the factors. The combination of atherogenic diet and 10 mg . m-3 carbon disulphide induced symptoms of intoxication, decreased survival of the animals, and the developing sclerotic process was found to be more severe and to progress more rapidly than in animals subject to atherogenic diet alone. The obtained results testify to cardiovascular effect of carbon disulphide. The observed atherogenic effect of carbon disulphide in low concentrations is most probably connected with its direct effect on the myocardium and the vessels.

Aerobiosis↗