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At least 1,135 records · Page 63Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Health and fertility in relation to production. Climate and health in young farm animals].

In animals, the climatic factor of environmental temperature causes specific physiological adaptations dependant on the nature and duration of the 'stressor'. The absolute temperature appears to be of less importance in influencing animal health than the extent of deviation from the thermoneutral zone. The difficulty experienced by animals in maintaining thermoregulation affects the immunological response and possibly also resistance. In the literature, the duration and type of changes involved are not always clearly stated. This may explain why the reactions to cold and warmth are not always identical. Also, the reactions which partly influence resistance are sometimes not compatible with climatic stress. Further research is needed for improved understanding of the relationship between the resistance of the animal and the duration and extent of climatic stress.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1997

[The effect of climatic factors on the onset of acute myocardial infarction].

The results of the single-relative analysis on the three climatic factors of air temperature, pressure and relative humidity to the attack of acute myocardial infarction in Shenyang city located in the cold Northeastern China area, showed that the attack was more frequent in summer time with high temperature, humidity and low air pressure. The attack was positively related to temperature (r = 0.7463 P < 0.01) and humidity (r = 0.6466 P < 0.01) while is negatively related to air pressure (r = -0.7300 P < 0.05). And specifically, in Shenyang area the incidence was obviously increased with average temperature > 20 degrees C, air pressure < 1010, and relative humidity > 70%. Patients should reduce the activities in high or low temperature environment. Proper precautions should be taken well in advance to avoid the attack on the patients in a particular season. And different nursing measures should be taken in different seasons to comply with changes of climate, for averting the attacks caused by the climate.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Climate associated variations in the human serum albumin level.

Quantitative determinations of the human serum albumin level showed significantly higher values in tropical (Negroes 46.98 mg/ml, Indians 54.30 mg/ml) than in non-tropical populations (Germans 44.41 mg/ml). These observations are in agreement with those of several other authors. It is assumed that these variations in the serum albumin level are related to climate, and that they may indicate some biological advantage of higher albumin levels under the climatic conditions of tropical biotops. This hypothesis is discussed considering several aspects.

Climate↗
PubMed2006

Solar modulation of Little Ice Age climate in the tropical Andes.

The underlying causes of late-Holocene climate variability in the tropics are incompletely understood. Here we report a 1,500-year reconstruction of climate history and glaciation in the Venezuelan Andes using lake sediments. Four glacial advances occurred between anno Domini (A.D.) 1250 and 1810, coincident with solar-activity minima. Temperature declines of -3.2 +/- 1.4 degrees C and precipitation increases of approximately 20% are required to produce the observed glacial responses. These results highlight the sensitivity of high-altitude tropical regions to relatively small changes in radiative forcing, implying even greater probable responses to future anthropogenic forcing.

Climate↗
PubMed2026

Extreme climatic events drive consistent and predictable shifts in soil antibiotic resistance genes.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing One Health challenge, and as climate warming intensifies extreme events, it remains unclear how these disturbances affect soil antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Here we analyzed the data from a controlled experiment using soils from 30 grassland sites across ten European countries, which simulated drought, flooding, freeze-thaw, and heatwaves to explore ARG dynamics. Overall, ARGs exhibited relatively small but highly consistent shifts across treatments. Heatwaves caused the strongest reductions in ARG abundance and in their linkages with mobile genetic elements (MGEs), a pattern that may reflect a hypothesized metabolic-genetic trade-off, in which microbial investment may shift from core metabolism toward stress signaling and structural maintenance. ARG dynamics during and after disturbance were governed by distinct soil physicochemical properties, with temperature and nutrient status determining acute responses, whereas soil moisture and seasonal variability in temperature and precipitation shaped longer-term legacy effects. Cross-validated random-forest models showed positive predictive performance for Bray-Curtis-based compositional responses within the environmental range represented by the 30 grassland sites. Our findings enhance the understanding of how soil ARGs respond to extreme climatic events and provide a step toward predicting extreme-event impacts on soil resistomes with relevance to One Health.

Soil Microbiology↗
PubMed2025

Intraspecific divergence within Microcystis aeruginosa mediates the dynamics of freshwater harmful algal blooms under climate warming scenarios.

Intraspecific biodiversity can have ecosystem-level consequences and may affect the accuracy of ecological forecasting. For example, rare genetic variants may have traits that prove beneficial under future environmental conditions. The cyanobacterium responsible for most freshwater harmful algal blooms worldwide, Microcystis aeruginosa, occurs in at least three types. While the dominant type occurs in eutrophic environments and is adapted to thrive in nutrient-rich conditions, two additional types have recently been discovered that inhabit oligotrophic and eutrophic environments and have genomic adaptations for survival under nutrient limitation. Here, we show that these oligotrophic types are widespread throughout the Eastern USA. By pairing an experimental warming study with gene expression analyses, we found that the eutrophic type may be most susceptible to climate warming. In comparison, oligotrophic types maintained their growth better and persisted longer under warming. As a mechanistic explanation for these patterns, we found that oligotrophic types responded to warming by widespread elevated expression of heat shock protein genes. Reduction of nutrient loading has been a historically effective mitigation strategy for controlling harmful algal blooms. Our results suggest that climate warming may benefit oligotrophic types of M. aeruginosa, potentially reducing the effectiveness of such mitigation efforts. In-depth study of intraspecific variation may therefore improve forecasting for understanding future whole ecosystem dynamics.

Microcystis↗
PubMed2003

Rapid climate change: scientific challenges and the new NERC programme.

In this paper the scientific challenges of observing, modelling, understanding and predicting rapid changes in climate are discussed, with a specific focus on the role of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation. The palaeo and present-day observational and modelling studies being carried out to meet these challenges, under the aegis of a new NERC Rapid Climate Change thematic programme (RAPID), are outlined. In particular, the paper describes the work being done to monitor changes in the meridional overturning circulation of the North Atlantic. The paper concludes with some speculative comments about potential mechanisms for rapid changes.

Atlantic Ocean↗
PubMed2005

Global iron connections between desert dust, ocean biogeochemistry, and climate.

The environmental conditions of Earth, including the climate, are determined by physical, chemical, biological, and human interactions that transform and transport materials and energy. This is the "Earth system": a highly complex entity characterized by multiple nonlinear responses and thresholds, with linkages between disparate components. One important part of this system is the iron cycle, in which iron-containing soil dust is transported from land through the atmosphere to the oceans, affecting ocean biogeochemistry and hence having feedback effects on climate and dust production. Here we review the key components of this cycle, identifying critical uncertainties and priorities for future research.

Atmosphere↗
PubMed1989

Laboratory evaluation of controlled-release repellent formulations on human volunteers under three climatic regimens.

Six controlled-release personal-use topical insect/arthropod repellent formulations of diethylmethylbenzamide (deet) were evaluated in an environmental chamber on volunteers for repellency against the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Ae. taeniorhynchus under three climatic regimens: basic variable high humidity (tropical environment), basic constant high humidity (forested and wet environment) and basic hot (hot-dry environment). The best protection under all the climatic regimens was provided by the Biotek formulation. In a tropical environment, some formulations induced more biting from mosquitoes than the concurrent untreated control in the late hours of the testing. Repellency was not directly related to the deet concentration in the various controlled-release repellent formulations.

Aedes↗
PubMed1985

[Lipid peroxidation as an indicator of the adaptive capacity of patients with chronic bronchitis during sanatorium and health resort treatment with a change in climate and geography].

Lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the blood plasma and erythrocytes was studied in 99 inhabitants of the southern part of West Siberia suffering from chronic bronchitis, of them 64 with obstructive bronchitis. They were sent for treatment to the contrast climatic zone (Yalta, the Crimea), and LPO was examined before the trip and after return in the course of a month (three times). LPO activity at a later stage as compared to the initial one was raised in the patients with signs of disadaptation (54 patients). The time course of LPO up to the initial level was over up to the 12th day after return in the patients with moderate symptoms of disadaptation in the warm season and up to the 30th day in the cold period. LPO activity in the patients with pronounced symptoms of disadaptation was more noticeable, the time course of the indicators up to the initial level was more delayed, particularly in erythrocytes and in the cold season. Thus LPO activity in chronic bronchitis in terms of its expression and period depends on patients' adaptogenicity to contrast change of climatic geographic zones after therapy in a sanatorium.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1975

"Tropical pyomyositis." A diagnostic problem in temperate climates.

Pyomyositis is a common disease in tropical countries, but is believed to be rare in temperate climates. Two children who had never left the northeastern part of the United States developed single intramuscular abscesses. Pyomyositis may be more common in temperate climates than has previously been appreciated.

Abscess↗
PubMed1980

The influence of the sun, moon, climate and economic conditions on crisis incidence.

Investigated the relationship between 2,344 cases of crisis incidence over a 1-year period (1976) and geophysical, climatic and seasonal conditions. Results revealed an intricate interactive effect between the variables of sex, nature of crisis, period of analysis, and environmental conditions. Males crisis became more likely, with downward economic trends or decreased solar activity. In contrast to female incidence of crisis, which peaked in spring, that of males peaked in autumn. Increased solar activity was related strongly to the incidence of crisis experienced by people who were retarded, abused drugs and were guilty of assault and/or rape. The waxing of the moon was related closely to cases of assault and/or rape, while retardates were influenced further by the moisture content in the air. Temporal considerations revealed a positive relationship between full moon and crisis incidence on alternate months only. Generally, the increased cloud cover, rainfall and temperature in summer, gave rise to more crisis consultations. Finally, geophysical, climatic and economic conditions also were seen to act in conjunction with each other to influence crisis incidence.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of air pollution on chronic obstructive respiratory diseases: comparison between city (Rome) and hillcountry environments and climates.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPDs) constitute a social problem of widespread interest. These diseases increase slowly and constantly. Air pollution and its impact on public health continually repropose certain absolute priorities, such as the pin-pointing of strategies to control the pollution sources, the planning of observational studies and the epidemic control. This work shows that a climate marked by always windy weather and low humidity and with low chemical pollutant concentrations (Pietracupa; Molise, Italy) is connected to smaller prevalence of COPDs in comparison with big cities like Rome. Living in non-polluted areas, the benefits of a healthy climate in terms of an improvement in breathing and bronchial hyperactivity reduction, may only in part be backed up by epidemic evidence; however, they are a solid base on which to build definite research projects which can effectively validate it even from an experimental point of view supported by statistics.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Climate and head form in India.

The relationship between head form and climatic variation was investigated in different tribal and caste populations of India. The magnitude of the cephalic index varies significantly in different zones. In tropical zones, head form is longer (dolicocephalic), but in temperate zones, head form is more round (mesocephalic or brachycephalic), especially among Scheduled Tribes (ST) and Scheduled Castes (SC) than among other castes. These trends possibly support a climatic adaptation model in head form differences among ST and SC in India.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1990

Craniometrical variation among South American prehistoric populations: climatic, altitudinal, chronological, and geographic contributions.

The independent contributions of climate, altitude, chronology, and geographic location of archeological sites to craniometrical variation are analyzed in a sample of 1,119 skulls from South America. Geographic location is responsible for the highest proportion of craniometrical variation, followed by climate and altitude. It is concluded that geographic isolation has partially prevented gene flow from counterbalancing craniometrical microdifferentiation produced by founder effect.

Altitude↗
PubMed2005

Atmospheric aerosols: composition, transformation, climate and health effects.

Aerosols are of central importance for atmospheric chemistry and physics, the biosphere, climate, and public health. The airborne solid and liquid particles in the nanometer to micrometer size range influence the energy balance of the Earth, the hydrological cycle, atmospheric circulation, and the abundance of greenhouse and reactive trace gases. Moreover, they play important roles in the reproduction of biological organisms and can cause or enhance diseases. The primary parameters that determine the environmental and health effects of aerosol particles are their concentration, size, structure, and chemical composition. These parameters, however, are spatially and temporally highly variable. The quantification and identification of biological particles and carbonaceous components of fine particulate matter in the air (organic compounds and black or elemental carbon, respectively) represent demanding analytical challenges. This Review outlines the current state of knowledge, major open questions, and research perspectives on the properties and interactions of atmospheric aerosols and their effects on climate and human health.

Aerosols↗
PubMed2002

Does warm weather climate affect eating disorder pathology?

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine whether residing in a year-round warm weather climate is related to eating disorder pathology. METHOD: College females from a southeastern and a northeastern region of the United States were compared on body mass index, the Bulimia Test-Revised, the Body Shape Questionnaire, and the Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire. RESULTS: Females residing in the southeastern region were of significantly lower body weight, engaged in more frequent bulimic behaviors (e.g., bingeing and inappropriate compensatory behaviors), and displayed significantly greater concern regarding their body shape compared with the females residing in the northeastern region. DISCUSSION: Findings obtained in this study indicate that residing in a warm weather climate may produce a heightened risk for development of eating disorder pathology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

The Plio-Pleistocene vegetation and climate of Sterkfontein and Swartkrans, South Africa, based on micromammals.

Micromammalian remains from Oldowan and Acheulean horizons in Sterkfontein Member 5E (M5E-O and M5E-A) and Swartkrans Members 1-3 (SKX1-3) provide information for the period between about 2 and 1 Ma. Another small sample from Sterkfontein Member 4 (M4) refers to a short period around 2.8-2.6 Ma and material from Sterkfontein post Member 6 infill (post-M6) relates to the Middle Stone Age occupation around 100 ka. Virtual absence of evidence of digestion on in situ lower molars of the major prey species, Mystromys albicaudatus, indicates that one of the owls Tyto alba, T. capensis or Asio capensis was the responsible predator. Over-emphasis on riverine grassland supports this suggestion, as does faunal resemblance between the Sterkfontein Valley samples and modern prey samples for the three owl species concerned. The location of the roost and the range of prey species point to the barn owl T. alba. There is no indication of differential bias between samples. South African species of eagle owl (Bubo spp.) are ruled out. All samples appear to represent interglacial conditions. The Grassland-Savanna ecotone probably lay nearby, as did the border between Moist and Arid Savanna. Possible modern analogues occur about 200 km west and southwest of the valley more than 250 m lower in altitude. South of Mafikeng all three vegetation types intergrade but the rainfall is higher than that postulated for some of the units in the Sterkfontein Valley. Similar climatic conditions occur near Kuruman and Kimberley where Arid Savanna merges into Grassland. Landscape information indicates a succession from riverine grassland, sometimes with Acacia trees, through hillsides with bush, grass and some trees, to plains with open savanna woodland. The suggested climate for the Sterkfontein Valley varied between +/-310 mm and possibly 550 mm mean annual precipitation, summer aridity index 3.8-4.1 and percentage winter rainfall 23-24. Minimum and maximum monthly temperatures would have been higher than they are today but with the temperature range reduced.

Animals↗