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Results for “Back Injuries”

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At least 1,135 records · Page 63Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Gastric mucosal lesions after burn injury: relationship to H+ back-diffusion and the microcirculation.

Rats were subjected to a 30% body surface area full-thickness burn. Two hours after injury, 93% of animals had gastric mucosal erosions. At 5 hours this increased to 100%, but at 24 and 72 hours, lesions were fewer and less severe. Histologic study suggested that lesions noted at 24 and 72 hours represented erosions formed earlier. No mucosal abnormalities were noted in control rats. A causal relationship between mucosal ischemia and the development of erosions is suggested by the presence of A-V shunts at 2 and 5 hours only. Significant increases in H+ back-diffusion and protein leakage into the gastric lumen at 2 and 5 hours also implicated changed mucosal permeability in the etiology of erosions. The return of H+ back-diffusion to control values at 24 and 72 hours, when lesions were still present, appears to contradict the theory that permeability changes are secondary to erosion formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

A quality-based protocol for management of musculoskeletal injuries. A ten-year prospective outcome study.

Musculoskeletal injuries in the workplace are recognized as a major health and economic problem; however, little has been done to develop strategies that emphasize both quality and cost control. The purpose of this ten-year perspective investigation was to evaluate the use of quality-based standardized diagnostic and treatment protocols as part of an unbiased injury surveillance system. The program was evaluated in a public utility company with more than 5300 employees, and resulted in a measurable and long-term improvement in all outcome parameters measured: (1) The number of days lost from work and the number of new injuries reported fell by 55 and 51%, respectively. (2) The average time lost per injury dropped by 40%. (3) The number of surgeries performed decreased by 67%, and the operative success rate increased dramatically. (4) Finally, as an added benefit, there was a 60% reduction in expenditures for lost time and replacement wages, resulting in a cumulative ten-year savings of more than 4.1 million dollars. The program accomplished the goal of ensuring quality care in a prospective concurrent fashion. As an additional benefit, the program also reduced unjustified lost time and compensation costs through early functional return, efficient use of diagnostic studies, and avoidance of surgery whenever possible. Future emphasis on health-care delivery in the workers' compensation setting should concentrate on high-quality medical care, which will, in turn, lead to secondary cost savings.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1994

A novel approach to preemployment worker fitness evaluations in a material-handling industry.

STUDY DESIGN: Effectiveness of a pre-employment worker fitness evaluation in a sample of grocery warehouse order selectors was studied retrospectively. Implementation of the program began in March 1990 and as of September 10, 1993, 1100 prospective employees have been tested. OBJECTIVES: Identification of prospective employees with the necessary job specific physical requirements was conducted with a standardized test protocol based on job analysis and normative data. Follow-up injury rates and costs for this department were supplied by the company for statistical analysis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: To establish normative data for minimum standards of job performance, a control group of current, uninjured and experienced order selectors was evaluated in respect to job requirements and isokinetic variables. In the control group, 17 variables were identified including one each from two 5-minute repetitive lifting tasks with weighted crates and 15 isokinetic trunk function and lifting variables. Prospective employees were required to successfully complete at least 15 variables for hire as an order selector. METHODS: The t-test for significance of difference between two proportions was used to compare injury rates in 1989 to those reported in 1990, 1991, 1992, and 1993. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were found between the unimplemented comparison year of 1989 and the 4 years post-implementation. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary data suggests that a worker fitness evaluation using the above methodology may be an effective method of reducing injuries and subsequent costs.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Biomechanical considerations for clinical application in athletes with low back pain.

Biomechanical concepts of the effects of lumbar spine load transmission, flexion and extension stresses, contact pressure in facet joints, and load transmissibility function of intervertebral discs are presented. These concepts serve as a basis for discussion of some innovative approaches to treatment of low back pain in the athlete. In addition, explanations of extremes of spinal extension and flexion related to back pain, coupling mechanisms as a basis for spinal motion, and discogenic pain as the primary etiology for back pain in athletes are offered.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed2004

Can cardiopulmonary resuscitation injure the back?

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is performed frequently by nurses in general hospitals and often in compromised positions. This may induce injury to the rescuer's spine particularly if the CPR procedure is continued for a considerable time before medical staff arrive. Back pain as an occupational symptom in nurses has received considerable attention in the medical literature, but there is no report on the effect of CPR on back discomfort. This article reports a survey of the CPR experience of nurses in general hospitals and nursing homes and explores the difficulties encountered by nurses during the CPR procedure. A questionnaire was sent to nurses who had CPR experience in three general hospitals and 20 nursing homes through the nursing administrators of the respective units. Analysis of 205 completed questionnaires showed that the duration of the CPR procedure could last up to 27 min. While 86% of the nurses performed CPR on a bed, 70% of them had their legs hanging over the edge of the bed without support and 55% had to turn their head or back to look at the ECG monitor during the procedure. Over 80% experienced back discomfort during or after the CPR procedure and 56% considered their back discomfort was related to the duration of the procedure. Twenty percent of the nurses suffered back injury or prolapsed disc and over 40% of these 'injured' nurses considered their back injury was related to or aggravated by CPR. Results of this survey suggest there is a need to review the support given to nurses to ensure safe administration of the CPR procedure in the general ward environment.

Back Injuries↗
PubMed2004

Etiology of low back pain in athletes.

Low back pain and injury is a common affliction for patients involved in athletic endeavors. For this reason, the health care professional should be cognizant of age-related and sports-specific considerations when evaluating athletes with low back complaints. An elevated index of suspicion with regard to specific etiologies of back pain proves invaluable in order to avoid the misdiagnosis of a more serious problem. Although a number of conditions exist that require more aggressive evaluation and treatment, the majority of low back pain in athletes is self-limiting. In this context, a treatment plan designed to increase low back and abdominal muscle strength, flexibility, and range of motion often proves beneficial not only in returning the athlete to competition, but also in preventing injury recurrence.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed2002

Tug of war: introduction to the sport and an epidemiological injury study among elite pullers.

The objective of this study was to describe injury patterns among elite tug of war athletes, using a survey method. The setting was the World Tug of War (TOW) Championships in 1998. All 990 male and female athletes asked to participate. Demographic data, participation history, and injury history during TOW, including injury number and type, were collected. A total of 252 (187 males and 65 females) athletes completed the survey (25% response rate). Although males had been competing longer than females (9.3 +/- 6.9 years vs. 6.5 +/- 5.0 years, t-test, P < 0.005), the percentage of males (64/187 = 32%) and females (24/65 = 37%) females reporting TOW injuries was similar. Strains and sprains comprised over half of all injuries, and the back (42%), shoulder-upper limb (23%), and knee (17%) were most commonly injured. Injury patterns were similar among males and females. Elite TOW athletes represent a diverse age range (15-55 years) of males and females who have competed for 5-10 years. About one-third will have suffered past TOW-related injuries, typically involving sprains or strains of the low back, shoulder girdle-upper extremity, and knee. The possibility of an increased injury rate among female TOW athletes warrants further study. Considerations for future research are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Irreplaceable free flaps in reconstructive surgery--part I.

Free flaps are increasingly being chosen to solve complex reconstruction problems. We describe a fascial sleeve approach to elevation of the donor flap which increases its safety and reliability. We report examples in which resultant revascularization of the recipient site causes the free flap to be irreplaceable for solving the particular clinical problem.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Coordination of primary health care for back pain. A randomized controlled trial.

STUDY DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial comparing usual care with a program for the coordination of primary health care (CORE) for the treatment of subacute low-back pain patients. OBJECTIVES: To measure the effectiveness of the CORE program as a mean for implementing clinical practice guidelines for low-back pain in an urban community. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Clinical practice guidelines have been developed for primary care physicians and patients on the clinical management of low-back pain. The implementation of the guidelines in a large community is difficult with the multiplicity of medical and nonmedical back care providers and products. The CORE program was designed to make the guidelines fit in this complex environment. METHODS: One hundred ten workers compensated for low-back pain for 4 to 8 weeks in metropolitan Montreal were randomized in two groups: usual care (N = 56) and the CORE program (N = 54). Coordination of primary health care was performed by two primary care physicians and a nurse in liaison with the treating physicians, and included a complete examination, recommendations for the clinical management, and support to carry out the recommendations. All workers were followed for 6 months. Back pain and functional status were assessed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. RESULTS: In the 6-month follow-up, the CORE group returned to work 6.6 days (standard error = 8.9) quicker than the control group, a difference that was not statistically significant. However, the CORE group showed a sustained improvement in pain and functional status with two-fold differences at the end of the 6 months of follow-up. This represented nine points on the Oswestry scale (P = 0.02) and 12 points on the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale (P = 0.01). The CORE group also used three times less specialized imaging tests of the spine at 3 months (P < 0.01) and exercised twice as much at 6 months (P < 0.05) than the controls. CONCLUSIONS: The therapeutic results for workers with low-back pain could be improved by implementing the clinical practice guidelines with primary care physicians in a large community, without delaying the return to work. The CORE intervention for back pain patients is highly relevant to primary care practice. It is simple in its application, flexible to accommodate physicians' and- patients' preferences in health care, and it is effective on patients' clinical outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Medical aspects of synchronized swimming.

Synchronized swimming is a low-injury competitive aquatic sport for all ages. It requires flexibility, kinesthetic awareness, and aerobic conditioning, with the ability to function anaerobically as well. Few acute injuries occur during participation in the sport, but overuse injuries are becoming more common as synchronized swimmers participate in longer, more strenuous workout programs. Most common among these injuries are knee pain associated with the eggbeater kick and shoulder pain associated with sculling. Synchronized swimmers are also prone to otitis externa ("swimmer's ear") and chemical conjunctivitis. Stress-related symptoms are common.

Acute Disease↗