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At least 1,135 records · Page 63Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Method for an increase of the number of anaphases in Ehrlich ascites tumour cells in mouse.

A method causing an increase of the number of anaphases of animal cells in vivo, suitable for mutagenicity testing, is presented. The Ehrlich ascites cells transplanted in mice were used as test cells. The increase of the number of anaphases (8-23/1000) was obtained by: 1. transplantation of the ascites tumour on 5th or more days of tumour growth from the 1st to the 2nd mouse; 2. by incubation of ascites tumour cells in the peritoneal cavity of the 2nd mouse; by incubation of ascites tumour cells in the peritoneal cavity of the 2nd mouse for 4 h. The percentage of abnormal anaphases of Ehrlich ascites tumour cells not treated with mutagen was 3.19 +/- 3.1. The increase of the number of anaphases was the result of an increase of mitotic index after transplantation of ascites tumour cells to a new host at the time of the decline of cell proliferation.

Anaphase↗
PubMed1982

eIF-2 initiation factor activity in Yoshida ascites hepatoma AH 130 cells and in 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene-induced liver tumor tissue during growth.

Eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF-2) preparations from mid-log and plateau-phase Yoshida ascites hepatoma AH 130 cells, from the liver of Yoshida ascites tumor-bearing rats and from 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB)-induced liver tumor tissue were assayed for ternary complex formation with 3H-met-tRNAf and GTP on nitrocellulose filters. The eIF-2 factor was extracted from postnuclear homogenate supernatants by high-salt wash and purified by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and phosphocellulose. The results here reported demonstrate changes of 3H-met-tRNAf X eIF-2 X GTP ternary complex formation under the conditions studied. Higher rates of ternary complex formation are present in control rat liver and in DAB-induced liver tumor tissue. The liver of Yoshida ascites tumor-bearing rats and the Yoshida ascites hepatoma cells show reduced rates of ternary complex formation, that are mostly evident at the plateau-phase of the intraperitoneal ascites cell growth. The present observations may be attributable to changes in the growing conditions of plateau-phase ascites cells, with accumulation in Gl phase, affecting the ability of eIF-2 to enter in the sequential assembly of the eukaryotic protein synthesis initiation complex.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Disposition of cefoxitin in patients with ascites.

The pharmacokinetics of Cefoxitin was studied in 8 cirrhotic patients with ascites after i.v. administration of a single 30 mg/kg dose. Concentrations of cefoxitin in serum and in ascitic fluid were determined simultaneously and by a microbiologic plate diffusion method. The antibiotic followed a two-compartment open kinetic model. In ascitic fluid, Cefoxitin reached its maximum concentration of 32.80 +/- 13,78 micrograms/ml 2 h after administration. The mean elimination constant from ascitic fluid was 0.201 +/- 0.008 h(-1), significantly lower (p less than 0.05) than the slow disposition phase constant (beta = 0.556 +/- 0.17 h(-1)). At the dose studied and with a dosage interval of 8 h, the level of antibiotic in the ascitic fluid would be maintained at a value greater than the MIC of most cefoxitin-sensitive organisms.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Concentrated ascitic fluid reinfusion in cirrhotic patients: a simplified method.

A new method for ascites filtration and reinfusion, which uses a single Cuprophan filter and is performed in the dialysis unit, is reported. Thirty-one procedures were performed in 17 patients with cirrhosis and massive ascites. A mean volume of 8.6 L of ascitic fluid was removed; from this volume, 5 L were ultrafiltered and a concentrated ascitic fluid was reinfused (x = 359.8 mL). The whole procedure was completed in a mean time of 248 minutes. No relevant method-related complications were detected. Moreover, no significant changes in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, plasma and urinary electrolytes, or platelet count were found, even in the case of repeated procedures (two to nine times). The reinfused fluid contained a mean value of albumin of 4.7 g/dL and significant amounts of globulins and complement. The overall cost of the materials used in the procedure ($49.46) offered competitive advantages with respect to other types of frequently used methods. In conclusion, we present a safe, effective, and time- and cost-saving technique for ascites reinfusion that represents an advantageous alternative to more complicated and expensive methods or to the currently used medical therapy.

Ascites↗
PubMed2001

Management of ascites.

The evaluation of ascites includes a directed history, focused physical examination, and diagnostic paracentesis with ascitic fluid analysis. Dietary sodium restriction and oral diuretics are the mainstay of therapy for the majority of patients with cirrhotic ascites. Transjugular intrahepatic portocaval shunt has emerged as the treatment of choice for selected patients with refractory ascites, although serial large-volume paracenteses should be attempted first. Early diagnosis, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and albumin infusion contribute to the successful management of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). Referral for liver transplant evaluation should be considered at the first sign of decompensation and should not be delayed until development of ominous clinical features, such as refractory ascites and SBP.

Albumins↗
PubMed2003

The North American Study for the Treatment of Refractory Ascites.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The clinical utility of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS) vis-à-vis total paracentesis in the management of refractory ascites is unclear. METHODS: A multicenter, prospective, randomized clinical trial was performed in which 109 subjects with refractory ascites were randomized to either medical therapy (sodium restriction, diuretics, and total paracentesis) (n = 57) or medical therapy plus TIPS (n = 52). The principal end points were recurrence of tense symptomatic ascites and mortality. RESULTS: A technically adequate shunt was created in 49 of 52 subjects. TIPS plus medical therapy was significantly superior to medical therapy alone in preventing recurrence of ascites (P < 0.001). The total number of deaths in the 2 groups was identical (TIPS vs. medical therapy alone: 21 vs. 21). There were no significant differences in the 2 arms with respect to overall and transplant-free survival. There was a higher incidence of moderate to severe encephalopathy in the TIPS group (20 of 52 vs. 12 of 57; P = 0.058). There were no significant differences in the number of subjects who developed liver failure (7 vs. 3), variceal hemorrhage (5 vs. 8), or acute renal failure (3 vs. 2). There were also no significant differences between the 2 groups in the frequency of emergency-department visits, medically indicated hospitalizations, or quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Although TIPS plus medical therapy is superior to medical therapy alone for the control of ascites, it does not improve survival, affect hospitalization rates, or improve quality of life.

Ascites↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Fetal and neonatal ascites: a report of 15 cases and a review of the literature].

Fifteen patients with non-immune fetal or neonatal ascites and absence of generalized edema are described. Nine patients were diagnosed prenatally. Nine patients were preterm. Artificial ventilation was necessary in twelve infants immediately after birth. In five cases, including two cases of transitory ascites, the etiology could not be established. In accordance with previous reports, we found the following underlying disorders in our patients: urinary tract obstruction, polycystic disease of the kidneys, chylous ascites, sepsis, intrahepatic atresia of the biliary ducts, hepatic and renal failure following severe asphyxia. 8 out of 15 patients died. A survey of the literature shows a variety of underlying disorders. Therefore, several diagnostic tests are necessary, in order to identify the etiology. Causative treatment is possible in some cases of urogenital , gastrointestinal, infectious and chylous ascites. Sophisticated perinatal management is essential for the outcome of patients with fetal or neonatal ascites; nevertheless the mortality rate is still about 50%.

Ascites↗
PubMed1983

Ascites-induced LeVeen shunt coagulopathy.

Ten of 11 patients undergoing peritoneovenous (LeVeen) shunt placement for intractable ascites had disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) following the shunt procedure. Intraoperative ascitic fluid specimens revealed fibrin split products (FSP) in high titer (1:100-1:1600) in all patients. Endotoxin was found in 6 of 11 ascitic fluid samples but in no plasma samples. Activated clotting factors, clot inhibitors, excess protein, and fibrinolytic activity were not found in ascitic fluid. Clotting factor levels were much lower than in plasma. Bleeding occurred after operation in two patients; this appeared to be related to the severity of liver dysfunction as demonstrated by elevations of bilirubin, serum glutamic oxalocetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), and preoperative DIC. It is concluded that the LeVeen shunt coagulopathy is DIC, and may be related to exposure of the systemic circulation to FSP-rich ascitic fluid that may activate the coagulation mechanism. Bleeding complications do not appear to be related to the severity of the post shunt coagulopathy, but rather to the severity of liver dysfunction and presence of preoperative DIC (probably caused by the liver disease).

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Pharmacokinetics and ascitic fluid penetration of piperacillin in cirrhosis.

The pharmacokinetics of piperacillin were evaluated in seven healthy volunteers, eight cirrhotic patients without ascites and 11 cirrhotic patients with sterile ascites after a single 15-min intravenous infusion of 4 g of the drug. In ascitic patients, piperacillin rapidly entered the peritoneal fluid. Peritoneal concentrations were higher than 10 mg/l from 0.5 to 8 h after the infusion. Disappearance rate of piperacillin was slower in the ascitic fluid than in plasma. The plasma half life of piperacillin was more prolonged in cirrhotic patients that in control subjects. This difference was more marked in ascitic patients for whom half life was twice as high as in volunteers (1.95 versus 0.91 h; P less than 0.01).

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Plasma-to-ascitic fluid transport rate of albumin in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Relation to intraperitoneal albumin.

Albumin-kinetics and haemodynamic studies were performed in 20 patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis in order to improve the knowledge on genesis and perpetuation of hepatic ascites, especially with respect to determinants of intraperitoneal protein. A positive relationship was found between the plasma-to-peritoneal transport rate of albumin (index of 'lymph-imbalance') and the mass of intraperitoneal albumin (rlog = 0.82, P less than 0.001), indicating a significant role of 'lymph-imbalance' to sequestration of protein in the peritoneal cavity. Ascitic fluid albumin concentration was on the average 0.22 of that of plasma and directly correlated to the plasma concentration (rlin = 0.68, P less than 0.01). The hydrostatic pressure difference across the splanchnic microvasculature (assessed as wedged hepatic vein minus inferior vena caval pressure) was directly correlated to the effective (plasma minus ascitic fluid) oncotic pressure (rlin = 0.74, P less than 0.001) but significantly higher than that (P less than 0.005), indicating a 'non-equilibrium' in the splanchnic Starling forces. The results point to a multivariate genesis and perpetuation of cirrhotic ascites as laid down in the 'lymph-imbalance' theory of ascites formation, whereas a 'fluid equilibrium' theory seems to be too simple, especially with respect to explain protein sequestration in the peritoneal cavity.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Idiopathic myelofibrosis with refractory massive ascites.

A 55-year-old woman presented with massive refractory ascites in the course of idiopathic myelofibrosis. The ascites was exudative, and a cytological examination revealed granulocytes of varying maturity, erythroblasts, and megakaryocytes with trisomy 8. The ascites was assumed to have developed from peritoneal extramedullary hematopoiesis. An abnormal karyotype in the cells in the ascitic fluid, which was the same abnormality as in peripheral blood, helped to prove extramedulary hematopoiesis in this case, which can be an aid in making a differential diagnosis in cases of ascites associated with myelofibrosis.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1993

Differential diagnosis of human ascites: inhibitors of the contact system and total proteins.

To assess their accuracies as markers for malignancy, we assayed alpha 2-macroglobulin, C1-inhibitor, alpha 1-protease inhibitor, and total proteins in ascites and plasma from patients with gastrointestinal cancer (n = 15) and non-malignant liver disease (n = 13), using functional and immunologic assays. For all inhibitors and total proteins determined in ascites, the values in the cancer group were significantly higher than the corresponding values in the group with non-malignant liver disease. The diagnostic accuracy for differentiating malignancy-related from non-malignant ascites was 93% for a alpha 1-protease inhibitor value > or = 50% of the pool plasma value and 90% for alpha 2-macroglobulin > or = 16%, C1-inhibitor > or = 40% (all functional assays), and total proteins > or = 20 g/l (biuret). In conclusion, functional assays for alpha 2-macroglobulin, C1-inhibitor, and alpha 1-protease inhibitor and determination of total proteins in ascites appeared to be very informative tests for the differential diagnosis of ascites. The test for alpha 1-protease inhibitor gave higher specificity (92% versus 77%) and likelihood ratio for a positive test (12 versus 4) compared with the other tests.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Ascites formation in the chicken.

We have observed the rapid development (4 to 7 hr after injection) of an ascitic condition in the hepatoperitoneal sac after the i.v. injection of large amounts of carbon. The amount of ascitic fluid varied from .5 to 12 ml/chicken. The protein content of the fluid was identical with that of the sera, but the specific IgM immunoglobulin was lower in the ascitic fluid than in the sera. The cellularity of the ascitic fluid was poor. Mononuclear cells containing lipid and phagosomes and aggregated thrombocytes were the predominant cells. A mechanism regulating water balance between the liver and cecal pouch was suggested by the ascitic fluid data.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Monoclonal antibody production in murine ascites. II. Production characteristics.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize monoclonal antibody production parameters of five hybridoma cell lines in murine ascites for correlation with clinicopathologic changes in mice. METHODS: Five hybridoma cell lines were grown in groups of 20 mice. Fourteen days prior to inoculation with 10(6) hybridoma cells, mice were primed with 0.5 ml of pristane given intraperitoneally. Ascites fluid was collected a maximum of three times by abdominal paracentesis; volume was measured and antibody concentration was determined by ELISA for each sample. RESULTS: Trends differed among cell lines when comparing ascites volumes and antibody concentrations over time from the first to the third tap. Antibody production was greatest at tap 1 for Groups 2B11 and 2C6D9; tap 2 for Group 3C9; and tap 3 for Groups RMK and 3D6. Total antibody production ranged from 422.90 to 996.64 mg; total ascites fluid volume ranged from 74.2 to 115.7 ml; and mean antibody concentration for taps 1, 2, and 3 ranged from 2.50 to 15.03 mg/ml among cell lines. CONCLUSION: Production characteristics were significantly different among hybridoma cell lines. Determination of production characteristics of hybridomas and correlation with clinicopathologic changes in mice may be valuable in making recommendations for managing mice with ascites.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed2001

The laparoscopic evaluation of ascites.

Laparoscopy is an invaluable technique for the evaluation of ascites in subgroups of patients with ascites. Indications for laparoscopic examination include determination of the causes of ascites when routine tests fail to disclose the source, evaluation for the presence of multiple causes of ascites formation, or histopathologic verification of malignancy within the peritoneal cavity. Several reported series have illustrated the efficacy of laparoscopy for the diagnosis of peritoneal carcinomatosis, tuberculous peritonitis, or unsuspected cirrhosis, securing its role in the management of selected patients with ascites.

Ascites↗
PubMed1975

Role of peritoneal absorption in ascites.

The movement of water, electrolytes and protein across the peritoneum was studied experimentally and clinically in ascites. In the experimental and clinically in ascites. In the experimental studies, large amounts of solutions of various osmolar and colloid osmolar concentrations were infused rapidly into the peritoneal cavities of 32 dogs. In 26 of these dogs, the ureters were ligated before the experiment was begun; the other six dogs served as controls. The clinical studies were done in five patients with ascites. Tritium, 35S and RISA dilution techniques were used to study the kinetics of the different components of peritoneal fluid. Osmolarity changes were measured in plasma and peritoneal fluid by the freezing point depression method. Volume changes of peritoneal fluid were measured serially up to 24 hours for the assessment of the peritoneal absorption rate. The rate of fluid movement across the peritoneal membrane seems to be influenced, among others, by the composition of the intraperitoneal fluid, as well as by the properties of the membrane itself. An asymmetric pattern of peritoneal absorption rate of the different compositional elements of ascitic fluid was observed in this study which seems to interrelate with dynamic equilibrium which develops between ascites and the physiologic body fluid compartments. No cessation of peritoneal fluid absorption or a maximal reabsorption rate was observed in this study; nevertheless, variations in the rate of peritoneal absorption due to miscellaneous influences are possible.

Absorption↗
PubMed1992

Spontaneous dialytic ultrafiltration with intraperitoneal reinfusion of the concentrate versus large paracentesis in cirrhotic patients with intractable ascites: a randomized study.

Dialytic ultrafiltration of ascites through a hemofilter associated with peritoneal reinfusion (DUF) of the concentrate has been proposed for the treatment of refractory ascites. In five cirrhotic patients, 18 ascites evacuation procedures were randomized either to DUF (n = 8) or to large paracenteses (LP) (n = 10). The effects of these two methods on hemodynamic and renal function were assessed. After DUF, the protein concentration in ascites increased transiently from 28 +/- 7 g/l to 64.8 +/- 8 g/l (p less than 0.04); urinary output increased from day 1 to day 4 (1000 +/- 100) VS 1430 +/- 140 ml/24h; p less than 0.02). After LP, ascitic protein concentration and urinary output were unchanged. No side effects were observed with the two methods. The mean amount of albumin infused was 20 +/- 15 g after DUF and 15 +/- 5 after LP (ns).

Ascites↗
PubMed1989

[Zinc in patients with ascites].

The concentrations of zinc (Zn) in blood and ascitic fluid (AF) in 48 patients with ascites (alcoholic liver cirrhosis: 32; liver carcinoma associated to cirrhosis: 7; different malignant neoplasias: 9). In addition, total protein, albumin and alpha 2-globulin as well as zinc, were determined in ascitic fluid. There was a decrease of zinc levels in serum, total protein, albumin and alpha 2-globulin in ascitic fluid of cirrhotic patients compared to neoplastic patients. The zinc concentration in ascitic fluid was related to the concentration of total protein, albumin, alpha 2-globulin. There is a parallel correlation between seric zinc and AF zinc.

Adult↗