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Results for “ALVEOLAR PROCESS”

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At least 1,135 records · Page 63Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

All-ceramic crowns on modified CeraOne abutments: a case report.

Single-tooth implants were used to replace congenitally absent maxillary lateral incisors in a 17-year-old patient. The inclination of the alveolar process caused a severe discrepancy between the axes of the planned implant and the crown. To avoid the need for a labial screw opening in the crown or labial overcontouring, a CeraOne abutment of the Brånemark system was modified by selective grinding in the dental laboratory. Individual all-ceramic crowns were fabricated with the Celay In-Ceram system.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infraclusion of lower primary molar with other familial dental anomalies: report of case.

Impaction of a primary tooth is a rare occurrence compared to impaction of a permanent tooth. Impaction should be differentiated from reimpaction, a condition in which an erupted tooth loses its apical movement and impaired development of the alveolar bone surrounding the tooth occurs. In dental ankylosis, the height of the alveolar process stops in the affected area, the adjoining teeth continue to move occlusally, and neighboring teeth drift. The author discusses the uncertain etiology of reimpaction. The history of a three-year-old patient is presented.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2005

Contribution of TNF-alpha converting enzyme and proteinase-3 to TNF-alpha processing in human alveolar macrophages.

Membrane-associated TNF-alpha cleavage is required to yield the 17.5-kD soluble product. This process is poorly understood in human cells, and no studies have related this process to the alveolar macrophage (AM). TNF-alpha-converting enzyme (TACE) is known to cleave TNF at the Ala-76-Val-77 site. We have evaluated the expression, regulation, and catalytic function of TACE in healthy human AMs. TACE was detected on the surface of AMs using flow cytometry. TACE protein can be upregulated by LPS (P = 0.036) and IFN-gamma. LPS-induced expression is downregulated by IL-10 (P = 0.04) and TNF-alpha. TACE regulation was observed at the mRNA level. TACE catalytic activity as assessed by cleavage of glutathione S-transferase-proTNF fusion protein correlates significantly with TACE protein expression (P = 0.04). However, cleavage and soluble TNF-alpha release by AMs was inhibited by matrix metalloproteinase and serine protease inhibitors, suggesting a role for a serine protease in this process. We confirmed the presence of proteinase-3 (PR-3) on the AM surface that was functionally capable of TNF cleavage. PR-3 mRNA expression was not found in AMs. However, we determined that PR-3 from neutrophil supernatants could bind to the AM membrane, suggesting that AM-derived PR-3 is from an exogenous source, which is important in the context of inflammation.

ADAM Proteins↗
PubMed1992

[Alveolar bone resorption process in molar tooth region in calcium-deficient rats].

The present study was carried out to investigate the alveolar bone resorption in the molar tooth region in the rats fed a low calcium diet. Male Wistar rats (70-85g in body weight) were either fed a low calcium diet (0.05% Ca, 0.35% P) or a control diet (0.5% Ca, 0.35% P) by using a pair feeding technique. The rats were sacrificed at intervals of 3, 6, 9 and 20 days during the experimental period. Contact microradiograph of the second molar region of the mandible showed that the cancellus bone as well as the endosteal surface of the cortical bone were progressively resorbed soon after the start of low calcium feeding. At day 9, the amount of bone was reduced to about half of the control rats and 80% of the bone was diminished at day 20. In spite of the severe bone resorption, the alveolar bone proper that surrounds the molar sockets and a few cancellus bone were seen remaining and the occlusal function of the molar tooth seemed to be maintained. These results suggest that the alveolar bone quickly responded to the low calcium diet resulting in bone resorption and that the bone in the supporting tissues of the molar tooth seems to be not affected by the calcium deficiency.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1975

The air bronchogram in interstitial disease of the lungs. A radiological-pathological correlation.

The air bronchogram classically signals an end-air-space or "alveolar" filling process such as alveolar proteinosis and bronchioloalveolar-cell carcinoma. However, it can also occur in interstitial diseases, possibly leading to compressive atelectasis and causing crowding of tissue around open airways. In addition, such disease processes may encroach on distal airways, producing obstructive pneumonia which may then surround open proximal airways, as in sarcoidosis and lymphoma. In mixed "alveolar" and interstitial processes such as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and the late stages of hemosiderosis, "alveolar" filling may mask the interstitial disease.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗
PubMed2000

[The induction of transforming growth factor-beta 1 in reparative process of mouse experimental alveolar bone defect].

OBJECTIVE: To study the induction of transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-beta 1) in reparative process of mouse experimental alveolar bone defect. METHODS: Alveolar bone defect were made in 20 mice at 1/1 region. In twelve mice (experimental group), the defect was filled with gelatin sponge infiltrated by TGF-beta 1 solution; in eight mice (control group), the defect was filled with gelatin sponge. The peripheral tissue coating alveolar bone defect was harvested for histopathologic study after 1 week, 2 weeks and 1 month, 3 months. RESULTS: The main histopathologic changes were: 1. experimental group: inflammatory cell infiltration (1W); inflammatory cell disappearance, fibroblast and capillary tachyauxesis, osteoid tissue and small amount neoformative bone tissue appearance (2 W); fibrous tissue decrease, neoformative bone tissue enlarging and maturity(1-3 M). 2. Control group; inflammatory cell infiltration (1W); inflammatory cell disappearance, fibroblast and capillary tachyauxesis (2W); osteoblast appearance around bone defect (1M); small amount neoformative bone tissue around bone defect. CONCLUSION: TGF-beta 1 can induce alveolar bone regeneration.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1978

[Evaluation of bone structure].

Changes in the bone structure, the periodontal space and the interdental alveolar septa are decisive criteria for evaluating the state of health of the alveolar bone. The pathological processes of alveolar bone destruction are subdivided into: reduction in height, vertical reduction and a mixed from resulting from these two.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1994

Encapsulation of Cryptococcus neoformans regulates fungicidal activity and the antigen presentation process in human alveolar macrophages.

Our previous studies have shown that unstimulated alveolar macrophages (AM) play a predominant role as antigen-presenting cells in Cryptococcus neoformans infections, while the function as effector cells seems to be of minor relevance. The present study focuses on the role of encapsulation of C. neoformans on fungicidal activity and the antigen presentation process of AM. Fungicidal activity in unstimulated AM occurs to a higher degree when the acapsular strain is employed, but this is impaired compared with other natural effectors, such as peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) and polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells. Cryptococcus-laden AM also induce a higher proliferative response in autologous CD4+ lymphocytes when the acapsular strain is used compared with encapsulated yeast. The enhanced blastogenic response is, in part, ascribed to an augmented IL-2 production by T cells. In addition, higher levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), but not IL-4, are produced by the responding T cells, when the acapsular strain is used compared with the encapsulated yeast. Moreover, IFN-gamma is able to induce fungicidal activity in AM against the encapsulated yeast and augments killing activity of the acapsular strain. This phenomenon is not mediated by nitric oxide production, but is correlated with an enhancement of fungicidal activity of cytoplasmic cationic proteases. We speculate that encapsulation of C. neoformans could down-regulate the development of the immune response mediated by Cryptococcus-laden AM at lung level.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Inhibition of major histocompatibility complex II expression and antigen processing in murine alveolar macrophages by Mycobacterium bovis BCG and the 19-kilodalton mycobacterial lipoprotein.

Alveolar macrophages constitute a primary defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but they are unable to control M. tuberculosis without acquired T-cell immunity. This study determined the antigen-presenting cell function of murine alveolar macrophages and the ability of the model mycobacterium, Mycobacterium bovis BCG, to modulate it. The majority (80 to 85%) of alveolar macrophages expressed both CD80 (B7.1) and CD11c, and 20 to 30% coexpressed major histocompatibility complex II (MHC-II). Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) enhanced MHC-II but not B7.1 expression. Naive or IFN-gamma-treated alveolar macrophages did not express CD86 (B7.2), CD11b, Mac-3, CD40, or F4/80. M. bovis BCG and the 19-kDa mycobacterial lipoprotein inhibited IFN-gamma-regulated MHC-II expression on alveolar macrophages, and inhibition was dependent on Toll-like receptor 2. The inhibition of MHC-II expression by the 19-kDa lipoprotein was associated with decreased presentation of soluble antigen to T cells. Thus, susceptibility to tuberculosis may result from the ability of mycobacteria to interfere with MHC-II expression and antigen presentation by alveolar macrophages.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

The regulation of bone resorption in tooth formation and eruption processes in mouse alveolar crest devoid of cathepsin k.

Osteoclastic bone resorption has recently been implicated in the tooth formation and eruption in alveolar bone. Cathepsin K (CK) is a cysteine proteinase expressed predominantly in osteoclasts and is believed to play a critical role in degradation of bone matrix proteins. Here we present evidence that the alveolar bone resorption is essential for the tooth formation and that eruption proceeds normally in CK-deficient (CK-/-) mice. Radiographic and histological analyses revealed that the alveolar bone from these animals had no significant abnormalities during the tooth development between 5 and 28 days after birth. The tooth crown was normally erupted through the alveolar bone layer at 28 days after birth. The number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinuclear cells in the alveolar bone around the tooth germ was apparently increased in 5-day-old CK-/- mice compared with age-matched littermates. More important, however, the immunohistochemical localization of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was clearly increased in the CK-/- osteoclasts. In contrast, no significant difference in the immunoreactivity for cathepsin D was observed between the CK-/- osteoclasts and the wild-type ones. These results indicate that CK-/- osteoclasts are fully differentiated and are capable of degrading the organic phase of alveolar bone during the tooth formation and eruption, which may result from the compensatory action by MMP-9 increasingly expressed in the osteoclasts.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1996

A morphological study of root resorption of the maxillary first deciduous molars.

The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between root resorption of the maxillary first deciduous molars and the developmental state of the successive permanent teeth. Twenty-four specimens of the maxilla from 12 dry skulls were classified into four dental eruption stages based upon their deciduous and permanent dentition. Serial sections prepared from the maxilla and embedded in polyester resin were observed with soft X-ray films. The area from the lowest point of the protruded part of the zygomatic process to the alveolar crest of the maxillary first deciduous molar was divided into 6 areas parallel to the Frankfort plane. Specimens from the upper 1/6, 3/6 and 5/6 areas were used. In addition, the shortest distance from the root resorption surface to the bony crypt was measured. The bony crypt containing the successive permanent tooth germ was located closer to the buccal root among the 3 roots of first deciduous molars but grew lingually with the progress of eruption stage. The distance from the root resorption surface to the bony crypt shortened and resorption actively progressed from the deciduous dentition stage to the first molar, and the central incisor reached the occlusal line in the deciduous dentition stage. Three-dimensional reconstruction to reproduce the relationship between the root and bony crypt revealed an increase in the root resorption surface with the eruption phase and growth of the bony crypt in the direction of root furcation.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2005

Osteogenic alveolar distraction: a review of the literature.

OBJECTIVE: Alveolar distraction is a relatively novel procedure by which alveolar bone and underlying mucosa are regenerated. The low predictability of other vertical or horizontal bone regeneration methods has increased interest in this promising technique. This article was designed to review published clinical and experimental results on alveolar distraction, including basic research in other disciplines (maxillofacial and orthopedic distraction) related to or with influence on alveolar distraction. STUDY DESIGN: A review of the international literature was performed to summarize results of clinical and experimental studies on alveolar distraction and on distraction at other anatomical sites that contribute important findings on tissue biology, molecular mechanisms, and other factors that influence and participate in the alveolar distraction process. RESULTS: Research into alveolar distraction has addressed the latency phase, distraction phase, and consolidation phase, yielding highly variable results. Little experimental research has been carried out on this procedure, and most publications are clinical studies with a short follow-up period. Published studies have reported a high rate of complications, attributable to our current lack of understanding of the process. CONCLUSIONS: Definitive conclusions on alveolar distraction are hampered by the lack of clinical and experimental studies to date. Greater knowledge of the factors that influence the distraction process will lead to a more predictable and efficacious distraction technique and a better distractor design.

Alveolar Ridge Augmentation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Horizontal alveolar ridge distraction osteogenesis in dogs: radiographic and histologic studies.

PURPOSE: This study was designed to evaluate the healing process in horizontal alveolar ridge distraction of the narrow alveolus in dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six beagle dogs weighing approximately 9 to 10 kg were used in this experiment. Horizontal alveolar ridge distraction was performed in the right mandible, where the premolars had been extracted 12 weeks previously. Twelve days after the completion of distraction, the lengthening apparatus was removed. The distracted site was evaluated at 12 and 24 weeks after the removal. RESULTS: At 12 weeks, thin woven bone was observed at the distracted site growing from the surface of the original lingual cortical bone toward the transport segment. At 24 weeks, the distracted site had fully changed into new mature lamellar bone, but the transport segments had been almost completely resorbed. DISCUSSION: Horizontal alveolar ridge distraction was performed successfully in beagle dogs even though the apparatus was removed 12 days after the completion of distraction. The most important feature of this technique is the resorption of the transport segment. CONCLUSION: Horizontal alveolar ridge distraction can be a beneficial technique for augmenting the alveolar ridge horizontally in the buccolingually reduced alveolar process before the placement of implants.

Alveolar Process↗