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PubMedDate not supplied

Thyroid hormone synthesis and storage in the thyroid gland of human neonates.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological and biochemical maturation of the thyroid gland in human neonates. The mean iodine concentration in the thyroid gland of very premature infants (less than 32 weeks gestational age, 0-3 days survival, n = 12) was significantly lower than in the older group (34-41 weeks gestational age, 0-30 days survival; n = 15; p < 0.05). For the whole group of neonates there was a statistically significant linear correlation between duration of life, i.e. gestational age and survival, and iodine concentration (r = 0.64, p < 0.01). Although there was wide dispersion of the results the same tendency was seen for thyroglobulin (Tg) concentration in the thyroid gland (r = 0.52, n = 21; p < 0.05). Comparative histological examination of the fetal thyroids gave results in accordance with the biochemical data as intrafollicular colloid appeared to be more abundant in more mature thyroids. The iodine content in Tg was found to be 0.63 +/- 0.22% in very preterm neonates and was slightly but not significantly lower than that found in the thyroids of the older group (0.82 +/- 0.14%; p = 0.055). The content of T4 and T3 per Tg molecule in the neonates was related to the iodine content. The differences in mean values of T4/Tg and T3/Tg molar ratios between the two groups were not significant: T4: 2.8 +/- 1.8 mol/ mol, T3: 0.29 +/- 0.12 mol/mol in very preterm neonates; and T4: 3.5 +/- 0.7 mol/mol, T3: 0.34 +/- 0.09 mol/mol in the older group. These results offer useful information for further analysis of the development of thyroid function in the human neonate.

Body Weight↗
PubMed2003

High prevalence of BRAF gene mutation in papillary thyroid carcinomas and thyroid tumor cell lines.

The RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK-MAP kinase pathway mediates the cellular response to extracellular signals that regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Mutation of the RAS proto-oncogene occurs in various thyroid neoplasms such as papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs), follicular thyroid adenomas and carcinomas. A second genetic alteration frequently involved in PTC is RET/PTC rearrangements. Recent studies have shown that BRAF, which is a downstream signaling molecule of RET and RAS, is frequently mutated in melanomas. This study tests whether BRAF is also mutated in thyroid tumors and cell lines. We analyzed BRAF gene mutation at codon 599 in thyroid tumors using mutant-allele-specific PCR and in 10 thyroid tumor cell lines by DNA sequencing of the PCR-amplified exon 15. We found that BRAF was mutated in 8 of 10 thyroid tumor cell lines, including 2 of 2 papillary carcinoma cell lines, 4 of 5 anaplastic carcinoma cell lines, 1 of 2 follicular carcinoma cell lines, and 1 follicular adenoma cell line. BRAF mutation at codon 599 was detected in 21 of 56 PTC (38%) but not in 18 follicular adenomas and 6 goiters. BRAF mutation occurred in PTC at a significantly higher frequency in male patients than in female patients. To test whether BRAF mutation may cooperate with RET/PTC rearrangements in the oncogenesis of PTC, we tested whether BRAF-mutated PTCs were also positive for RET/PTC rearrangements. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted to evaluate RET/PTC rearrangements by using two different anti-RET antibodies. Surprisingly, we found that a large number of BRAF-mutated PTCs (8 of 21) also expressed RET, indicating that the RET proto-oncogene is rearranged in these BRAF-mutated PTCs. These observations suggest that mutated BRAF gene may cooperate with RET/PTC to induce the oncogenesis of PTC.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The clinical usefulness of dual phase 201Tl thyroid scan for false-negative fine-needle aspiration cytological diagnoses in non-functioning cold thyroid nodules.

We evaluated the clinical usefulness of dual phase 201Tl thyroid scan for 11 patients with false-negative fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytological diagnoses to detect malignant non-functioning thyroid nodules. Benign FNA cytological diagnoses categorized by experienced pathologists were considered as false-negative diagnoses because the final diagnoses of surgical histopathology were malignant. Dual phase thyroid scan, including an early image and a delayed image, were acquired at 10 minutes and 3 hours, respectively, after 2 mCi (74 MBq) of 201Tl was injected intravenously. Dual phase 201Tl thyroid scan findings were visually interpreted as malignant or benign diagnoses. Dual phase 201Tl thyroid scan could accurately diagnose all of the 11 patients with false-negative FNA cytological diagnoses. We concluded that dual phase 201Tl thyroid scan was very useful in detecting malignant non-functioning thyroid nodules in 11 patients with false-negative FNA cytological diagnoses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Thyroid peroxidase antibodies and thyroid diseases in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus from Southeast Poland].

The authors evaluated the prevalence of TPO Ab and thyroid disorders in 219 children and adolescents (119/54% girls) with type 1 diabetes from southeast Poland aged 3.2-22.3 years (mean age-13.7 +/- 3.9 years). Their age upon diagnosis ranged from 1.6 to 17.2 years (mean age--8.1 +/- 3.6 years), while diabetes duration was between 1 and 18.7 years (mean, 6.4 +/- 3.7 years). In addition to clinical assessment of all patients, determinations were made of serum TPO Ab, FT4 and TSH; thyroid ultrasound was performed in each patient with abnormal thyroid morphology and/or positive TPO Ab titer. Positive TPO Ab titer was demonstrated in 76 (34.7%) patients with type 1 diabetes; in this group 49 showed no other overt thyroid pathological symptoms. Hashimoto's disease was detected in 26 children, Graves's disease in 1 girl. Twenty children (9.1%) with negative TPO Ab titter were shown to have euthyrotic goiter. Thus, thyroid abnormalities were demonstrated in 43.8% of the patients and were seen twice as often in girls than in boys (+ n = 69 > n = 27). Thyroid dysfunction was detected in 11 (5.05%) patients. These 11 patients with thyroid dysfunction constituted 14.5% of the entire group of children with both type 1 diabetes and positive TPO Ab titer (n = 76). Ten patients were hypothyroid (including 8 with previously undiagnosed disease) and 1 girls had hyperthyroidism. The present results indicate that in each child with type 1 diabetes--apart from diabetes control--thyreologic assessment should be done, and the frequency and type of examinations should depend on the comprehensive preliminary evaluation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Thyroid peroxidase in the differential diagnosis of thyroid gland lesions. A marker of biological behavior or differentiation?].

Human thyroid peroxidase (hTPO) is a membrane protein with a key role in the thyroid hormones synthesis. Loss of hTPO was described in malignant tumours of the thyroid gland. hTPO was tested as a marker of malignancy. Immunohistochemical study of hTPO in 321 thyroid lesions (45 malignant tumours, 72 benign tumours, 199 benign non-tumours lesions, and 5 normal thyroid glands) is presented. The sensitivity of hTPO in predicting malignancy in thyroid is 64%, and the specificity is 87%. Thus, hTPO is of limited value in the diagnosis of thyroid malignancy. The authors discuss the role of hTPO as a marker of differentiation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

The efficacy of the thyroid peroxidase marker for distinguishing follicular thyroid carcinoma from follicular adenoma.

AIM: Expression of thyroid peroxidase (TPO) in the thyroid gland tissue is well known as a sensitive marker of the thyroid malignancy. We have evaluated immunohistochemical assay of TPO for distinguishing follicular thyroid carcinoma from follicular adenoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sections of formalin-fixed tissues obtained from 92 patients with thyroid tumors (52 follicular carcinomas and 40 follicular adenomas including the Hurthle cell type) were analyzed using a monoclonal antibody (TPO mAb 47) and the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex immunohistochemical technique. Lesions with staining of more than 80% of the follicular cells/specimen were considered benign, while less than 80% were considered malignant. RESULTS: TPO immunostaining correlated with the histopathological diagnosis in 24/40 cases of follicular adenomas and 41/52 cases of follicular carcinomas, giving a specificity of 60% and a sensitivity of 79%. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that immunohistochemical assay of TPO expression has limited value for the differential diagnosis of follicular thyroid carcinoma from thyroid follicular adenoma.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
PubMed1989

Diagnosis of thyroid mass due to intravenous digital subtraction angiography--does it play an important part in diagnosis of thyroid mass?

33 patients with thyroid mass were studied by intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IV-DSA), thyroid scintigraphy (TS), ultrasonography (US), and computed tomography (CT). The detective rate of lesion by each diagnostic imaging was as follows: IV-DSA 71%, TS 70%, US 94%, and CT 76%. US was the most excellent and most sensitive diagnostic imaging of both benign and malignant lesions. As regards the thyroid cancer by IV-DSA, malignant findings were heterogeneity, an irregular contour, and an unclear contour of tumor stain. Specific diagnostic rate of each imagings was as follows: IV-DSA 88%, TS 100%, US 86%, and CT 75%. US was not so good imaging of a specific diagnosis for the thyroid mass. As regards the thyroid mass, influence of the common carotid artery and the internal jugular vein were investigated by the degree of compression of both vessels on IV-DSA. However IV-DSA could not reveal tumor invasion to these vessels. We learned present the limit of diagnosis of the thyroid mass due to IV-DSA, because IV-DSA was unable to reveal to us exactly information of both a sensitive and a specific diagnosis. We, however, think that IV-DSA is a useful diagnostic imaging as a mapping study which reveals a coronal image of a relationship between the thyroid mass and the common carotid artery and/or the internal jugular vein in surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Autoimmune thyroiditis induced in mice depleted of particular T cell subsets. I. Requirement of Lyt-1 dull L3T4 bright normal T cells for the induction of thyroiditis.

T cell-depleted C3H/He or (C57BL/6xC3H/He)F1 (B6C3F1) mice were prepared by adult thymectomy and injection of antithymocyte serum, followed 3 wk later by lethal x-irradiation and bone marrow reconstitution. When these T cell-depleted mice were not injected or injected i.v. with normal spleen and lymph node cells treated with either anti-Thy-1, -L3T4 or -Lyt-2 antibody plus C or C alone, none of the groups of mice developed thyroiditis. In contrast, the adoptive transfer of normal cells treated with anti-Lyt-1 plus C resulted in high incidence of the production of antithyroglobulin antibody and the induction of typical thyroiditis lesion. The thyroid was the sole organ involved, because neither typical inflammatory lesion in other organs nor autoantibody such as anti-DNA antibody was detected in mice that exhibited thyroiditis. Analyses of surface phenotypes of cells required for inducing thyroiditis by the adoptive transfer revealed that an appreciable percentage of Lyt-1 dull T cells remained after the treatment of normal lymphoid cells with anti-Lyt-1 plus C. Almost all of these Lyt-1 dull T cells expressed magnitudes of L3T4 or Lyt-2 Ag comparable to those detected on Lyt-1 bright T cells. More important, the induction of thyroiditis was almost completely prevented by either in vitro or in vivo elimination of Lyt-1 dull L3T4+(bright) but not of Lyt-1 dull Lyt-2+(bright) T cells. These results indicate that Lyt-1 dull L3T4+ T cells existing in normal healthy individuals have potential to induce typical thyroiditis which is associated with the production of antithyroglobulin autoantibody, and that the activation and/or function of this T cell subset is regulated by the Lyt-1 bright T cell population coexisting in normal lymphoid cell population.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The effect of thyroid hormone administration upon survival in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Seven hundred sixty-one patients with operable differentiated thyroid carcinoma were treated between 1931 and 1970. Median follow-up time was 18 years and ranged from 5 to 40 years. Sixty-three percent of the patients were followed more than 15 years, and 46% were followed more than 20 years. Because resections usually spared sufficient thyroid tissue for homeostasis, thyroid hormone was not routinely prescribed after operations performed before 1960. Altogether 244 patients with papillary carcinoma and 76 patients with follicular carcinoma received thyroid hormone, while 296 patients with papillary carcinoma and 45 patients with follicular carcinoma did not receive thyroid hormone after operation. With papillary carcinoma, 14% of men greater than 40 and women greater than 50 years of age (high risk) but only 2% of men less than or equal to 40 years of age and women less than or equal to 50 years of age (low risk) died of disease (P 0.0001). Twenty-six percent of high-risk but only 4% of patients with low-risk follicular cancer died (P 0.0001). However, there was no statistically significant improvement in survival times with use of thyroid hormone when patients were categorized by risk group and pathology. These data support the importance of age and sex in previously described risk groups; these factors supersede the effects of adjuvant treatment. This absence of effect on survival times calls into question current recommendations for routine use of thyroid hormone after surgical therapy. Conceptually, such absence of adjunctive hormone effect on survival time after operation is similar to hormonal effects in other endocrine cancers, which may nevertheless provide good palliation in some cases.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

[Thyroid echography in chronic autoimmune lymphocytic thyroiditis].

All the patients committed in our laboratory for thyroid investigation underwent systematically a cervical echotomography. In a number of cases we stated a diffused microechoic character of the thyroid parenchyma. This character is present in most cases of Graves' disease, in a few cases of subacute thyroiditis spread to the whole gland and in chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (LCT). 48 cases are reported here in which the microechoic character was evident and for which the diagnosis of Graves' disease or subacute thyroiditis were easily eliminated by biological and clinical arguments. In 31 cases, the diagnosis of LCT was clinically and biologically proved specially by significant levels of antithyroid antibodies. In the 17 other cases, the diagnosis of LCT was the most probably in spite of non sufficiently autoimmune proof. The diffused microechoic character of the thyroid parenchyma, even though it is non specific, appears thus a valuable sign in the diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1980

Metastatic thyroid cancer with severe hyperthyroidism mimicking independent hyperfunctioning thyroid adenoma, showing transition to water-clear-tumour.

A case of different thyroid cancer is reported in detail, showing unusual behaviour both clinically and bioptically. The patient suffered from severe hyperthyroidism, with a scintigraphic finding of independent thyroid adenoma and simultaneous function in pelvic mass proved to be a metastasis of follicular thyroid cancer. Bioptical finding confirmed the aspiration biopsy conclusion that the independently functioning thyroid nodule had been in fact a follicular thyroid cancer. Microscopically, a transition of the usual type of follicular thyroid cancer to solid cancer consisting of water-clear cells was found. Thyroidectomy led to enhancement of uptake in pelvic metastasis but the general condition deteriorated rapidly leading to death by pulmonary embolism. The problem is discussed with regard to the development of hyperthyroidism in thyroid cancer.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1997

Increased prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies and subclinical thyroid failure in relatives of patients with overt endocrine disease-associated diabetes but not type 1 diabetes alone.

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of thyroperoxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin (Tg) antibodies, using a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay method in a large cohort of 254 first-degree relatives of Type 1 diabetic patients with or without other autoimmune endocrinopathy, and to evaluate the predictive value of thyroid antibodies for impaired thyroid function in these groups. TPO and Tg antibodies were found at similar frequencies (12%) in the 254 relatives, and both antibodies were present in 23 cases (9%). Seven subjects displayed subclinical thyroid dysfunction without an abnormal free T4 level. Among first-degree relatives of probands with Type 1 diabetes alone, TPO or Tg antibodies were found in 8 subjects (6%), including 6 with both antibodies. The prevalence of TPO antibodies was significantly greater among relatives of TPO-positive than TPO-negative probands (p < 0.01). In relatives of diabetic patients with other endocrinopathy, frequencies of TPO (20%), Tg (19%) and a combination of both antibodies (15%) were significantly higher than in relatives of Type 1 diabetic patients without endocrinopathy (p < 0.001). TSH levels were abnormal in only one relative of the group without endocrinopathy but occurred in 6 relatives of the proband with overt endocrinopathy-associated diabetes (p < 0.02) in marked association with TPO antibodies (p < 10(-4). It is concluded that relatives of probands with overt endocrine autoimmune disease-associated diabetes, unlike those of probands with diabetes alone, showed increased prevalence of thyroid antibodies and thyroid dysfunction. These results argue for a different risk of thyroid autoimmunity and clinical disease in families of diabetic patients without or with overt endocrine disease. A screening of thyroid autoimmunity is highly recommended for the latter group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Marginal vacuoles (fire-flare appearance) in fine needle aspiration smears of thyroid lesions: does it represent diffusing out of thyroid hormones at the base of follicular cells?

Marginal vacuoles (MVs) or fire-flare appearance in May-Grünwald Giemsa stained fine needle aspiration (FNA) smears was initially described as a distinctive feature of thyrotoxic goiter in hyperthyroidism, but was subsequently found in various nontoxic thyroid lesions, both non-neoplastic and neoplastic. Although these MVs have been characterized as dilated endoplasmic reticulum, and manifestation of active pinocytosis/vacuoles containing colloid, their exact nature is not so far resolved. In this connection, FNA smears of 82 hyperplasia cases, consisting of 71 colloid goiters and 11 hyperplastic nodules (HN), and 76 thyroid neoplasms of follicular epithelium origin were reviewed to detect the MVs and grade them on a sliding scale of + (scanty), ++ (moderate), and +++ (abundant). A hypothesis was put forth regarding the nature of MVs based on their cytomorphological features as observed by us and the physiological/pathophysiological mechanisms related to synthesis, storage and secretion of thyroid hormones described in the literature. The frequency of MVs in neoplastic goiters (50.0%) was significantly lower than that in HN (90.9%, P = 0.0196) but higher than that in colloid goiters (29.6%, P = 0.0124). MVs were present in a significantly higher number of follicular neoplasm (FN; 85.7%) than in papillary thyroid carcinoma (44.4%, P = 0.0069) and Hurthle cell neoplasm (25.0%, P = 0.0083). Among the variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), follicular variant showed MVs in 94.1% cases, which was higher than those in usual variant (23.5%, P < 0.0001), tall cell variant (16.7%, P = 0.001), and PTC with a significant tall cell component (25.0%, P = 0.001). It was possible to demonstrate pinocytic vesicles on one side (luminal aspect) and MVs on the other side (basal aspect) of follicular cells in colloid goiters. In the aspirates from follicular lesions such as HN, FNs, and follicular variant of PTC, numerous MVs were found to be radiating from the basal aspect of follicular cells in the intact follicles with or without colloid in the central lumen. Since MVs in literature have been linked to thyrotoxicity in Graves' disease and neoplasms with a follicular pattern, our findings suggest that MVs represent the diffusing out of thyroid hormones (T(3) and T(4)) from the basal aspect of follicular cells on their way to interfollicular capillaries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

A longitudinal assessment of bone loss in women with levothyroxine-suppressed benign thyroid disease and thyroid cancer.

To determine if differing degrees of levothyroxine (LT4) suppression therapy for benign and malignant thyroid disease are associated with proportionately increased rates of bone loss, this longitudinal assessment of bone densitometry changes (single-photon and dual-photon absorptiometry) was conducted in three groups of subjects: 24 thyroid cancer patients who were treated with near-total thyroidectomy, radioiodine ablation, and aggressive LT4-suppression; 44 patients who were treated with more conservative LT4-suppression for benign thyroid disorders; and 24 normal controls. Bone densitometry values were adjusted for age, weight, height, and menopausal status. The rates of bone loss in benign LT4-suppressed patients were greater than those in controls at the midradius, distal radius, lumbar spine, and femoral neck. The rates of loss in the thyroid cancer patients were also greater than those in the controls at all four sites and greater than in the benign LT4-suppressed patients at the midradius, distal radius, and femoral neck but not in the lumbar spine. Rates of bone loss were not significantly correlated with LT4 dose or with the serum level of T4 or TSH. LT4-suppression therapy for benign thyroid disease is associated with accelerated bone loss. More aggressive LT4-suppression for thyroid cancer is associated with even greater bone loss, particularly in cortical bone regions. These risks must be weighed against the benefits of LT4 therapy in individual patients.

Bone Density↗
PubMed2002

Thyroid hormone autoantibodies in primary Sjögren syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis are more prevalent than in autoimmune thyroid disease, becoming progressively more frequent in these diseases.

To verify the greater prevalence of circulating thyroid hormone autoantibodies (THAb) in primary Sjogren syndrome (SS) vs Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD), we measured THAb in the serum of patients with these 3 diseases who were sampled from 1998-1999 (no.=20, 88, 25) and 1990-1992 (no.=13, 75, 31). Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (no.=23 and 16) and other collagenoses (no.=20 and 16) were also studied. A third series of patients with these 5 diseases was studied from 1975-1982, and data have been taken into account. THAb were detected using a specific radioimmunoprecipitation method, and their presence was correlated with the presence of TG antibodies (TGAb). We found that IgG antibodies against T3, T4 or both were present with these prevalences in the 1975-1982, 1990-1992 and 1998-1999 series: HT=1, 4, 20%; GD=2, 6, 32%; SS=20, 31, 50%; RA=0, 12, 26%; other collagenoses=0, 0, 0%. The majority of the Sjogren or arthritis cases positive for THAb were negative for TGAb, while the opposite was true for the 2 autoimmune thyroid diseases. We conclude that prevalence of THAb in the 2 non-thyroid autoimmune diseases is greater than in the 2 thyroid autoimmune diseases. In addition, prevalence of THAb is increasing over time regardless of disease. Molecular similarity between extra-thyroid connective proteins (specifically associated to primary SS and RA) and iodinated regions of TG, and an increased preponderance of environmental factors as triggers of autoimmune diseases might account for our findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Prevalence of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies in autoimmune and nonautoimmune thyroid disorders in a relatively low-iodine environment.

We evaluated the prevalence of antithyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TP0 Ab) in 402 patients with thyroid disease and 30 healthy controls by a commercial radioimmunoassay (RIA) and compared the results with the passive hemagglutination (HA) method. The patients in the study had autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITD) such as Graves' disease and Hashimoto's disease or had nonautoimmune thyroid diseases (NAITD) such as thyroid cancer, congenital goiter, endemic goiter, and nodular goiter. Subjects were recruited from a population with a mild iodine deficiency (Sao Paulo, Brazil). The effect of specific therapy (for either thyrotoxicosis or chronic thyroiditis) on the circulating anti-TPO levels was also investigated. Positive anti-TPO Ab was detected in 89.9% of the patients with AITD as compared with a prevalence of positive tests of only 4.8% in patients with NAITD. Positive microsomal antibody (M Ab) was found in 68.4% of the patients with AITD and in 6.4% of the patients with NAITD. A positive and significant correlation was obtained between M Ab and anti-TPO Ab. A positive anti-TPO test with negative anti-M was found in 14.1% of the patients with AITD but in only 4.3% of the patients with NAITD and normal controls. These results suggest that anti-TPO Ab by RIA is more sensitive and specific than M Ab by HA. In patients with AITD, anti-TPO Ab levels usually decreased after treatment, suggesting that this parameter could be used in the follow-up of these thyroid disorders.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1993

Antibodies reactive with an intracellular epitope of a recombinant 64 kDa thyroid and eye muscle protein in patients with thyroid autoimmunity and ophthalmopathy.

We have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the measurement of antibodies reactive with a 98 amino acid fragment, called D1, of a recombinant thyroid and eye muscle membrane protein corresponding to a MW of 64 kDa (called 1D) in the serum of patients with thyroid autoimmunity with and without ophthalmopathy. Antibodies against the D1 fragment expressed as a fusion protein with beta galactosidase, were detected in 29% of patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) of < 1 yr duration, in 33% of those with disease of > 3 yr duration, in 40% of patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism (GH) without evident eye disease, in 31% of patients with lid lag and retraction but no other signs of progressive ophthalmopathy, in 25% of patients with euthyroid Graves' disease and in 43% of patients with untreated Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), but in none of 14 patients with other (non-immunological) thyroid disorders. Although tests were positive in 6 out of the 15 patients with ophthalmopathy and no overt thyroid autoimmunity overall there was no close association of the antibodies with clinical features of the eye disease or its course. In those sera in which Western blotting for antibodies reactive with a 64 kDa eye muscle membrane protein and ELISA were both carried out there was no close correlation between the two tests.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Anti-bovine thyrotropin autoantibodies in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, subacute thyroiditis, and systemic lupus erythematosus.

We report four cases found to have anti-bovine thyrotropin (bTSH) antibodies, two with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and the other two, each with subacute thyroiditis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The unusually high negative titers of anti-TSH receptor antibodies (Case no. 1, -43.1%; Case no. 2, -34.9%; Case no. 3, -55.2%; Case no. 4, -59.9%) led to the incidental finding of the presence of anti-bovine (bTSH) antibodies in each patient. Case no. 1 was diagnosed to have Hashimoto's thyroiditis and was treated with L-thyroxine (L-T4). With the treatment, serum free T4 (FT4)normalized with a decline in the serum TSH concentration. The other patient diagnosed to have Hashimoto's thyroiditis (Case no. 2) remained euthyroid even without supplemental thyroid hormone therapy and the serum concentrations of FT4 and TSH stayed within the normal range. The third is a case of subacute thyroiditis (Case no. 3) with a typical clinical course of the disease. She had the anti-bTSH antibodies on her first outpatient visit. Serial examination of her sera disclosed the antibody titers to be on the same range over the 28 months after the onset of the symptoms. The fourth is a patient with SLE who had been treated with steroid (alternative day therapy of 40 mg/day prednisolone). Titers of the anti-bTSH antibodies spontaneously declined to the negative level 5 months later. None of the four cases had antibodies against human TSH alpha-subunit of bovine LH and alpha-subunit of bovine FSH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗