Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “enterococci”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,117 records · Page 62Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical and epidemiologic analysis of intestinal tract colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci in an intensive care unit].

Intestinal tract colonization with vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) was studied during five months and 25 days. Out of 171 patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit, 124 (73%) were included in this study. Thirty five of them (28%) were recognized as colonized with VRE. VRE isolates (n = 35) were identified as Enterococcus faecium (n = 18), Enterococcus gallinarum (n = 16), and Enterococcus raffinosus (n = 1). All of them were resistant to vancomycin (MIC90 = 512 microg/ml) and to teicoplanin (MIC90 = 32 microg/ml), having the vanA gene. By means of molecular methods a high homology was found among E. faecium and E. gallinarum isolates, respectively, suggesting their spread as a kind of outbreak. No significant differences in age or sex were found among colonized and non-colonized patients (p > 0.05). On the other hand, the hospitalization time and the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics were associated with colonization. From this study we highlight the importance of enhancing all measures of control and prevention of hospital infections, carefully analyzing the empiric antimicrobial schemes, trying to reduce the hospital stage, and following the surveillance to evaluate the efficacy of such procedures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Species prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of enterococci isolated in a tertiary care hospital of North India.

The present prospective study was carried out to determine the species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibilities of enterococci isolated from clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital of North India. Enterococcus species isolated from blood, urine, pus, sterile fluids and the hospital environment from October 2003 to January 2004 were identified by standard biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the disk diffusion method as per NCCLS guidelines. Out of a total of 105 Enterococcus species recovered during the study period, E. faecium (42.90%) and E. faecalis (40.00%) constituted the predominant isolates. Enterococcus faecium was the commonest blood culture isolate while E. faecalis predominated pus and urine samples. Other species isolated were E. mundtii, E dispar, E. durans, E. avium, E. raffinosus and E. gallinarum. High-level aminoglycoside resistance was detected in 73.3% of isolates. Resistance to vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid was not detected. Prevalence of a wide variety of Enterococcus species in clinical samples together with their variable antimicrobial susceptibility patterns emphasizes the need for routinely carrying out detailed speciation and in vitro susceptibility testing of enterococcal isolates in the clinical bacteriology laboratory.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in intensive care unit patients in Cordoba City, Argentina.

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) among intensive care unit (ICU) patients in a hospital in Córdoba, Argentina. We collected 235 rectal swab specimens from 147 ICU patients. Resistance to vancomycin was screened with the disk diffusion method, and MICs were determined with the E-test method. Vancomycin-resistant genotypes were determined by PCR. The VRE strains were isolated from 18/147 patients (12.2%). The isolates were identified as Enterococcus faecium (94.4%), and Enterococcus gallinarum (5.6%). PCR showed that the E. faecium strains carried the vanA gene, and the E. gallinarum strain carried the vanC1 gene. Our study indicated that at least 12.2% of ICU patients were VRE carriers.

Argentina↗
PubMed2006

[Molecular analysis of vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolated from clinical samples].

Enterococcus species are the inhabitants of gastrointestinal flora and can cause endocarditis, urinary tract infections, and bacteremia. In recent years, infections caused by vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have increased in our country. The infections caused by VRE are treated with glycopeptide antibiotics like vancomycin and teicoplanin. Although seven different resistant genes have been described in VRE, VanA is the most frequently detected one in Turkey. The aim of this study was (i) to genotype four vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains isolated in our hospital, by using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE); and (ii) to detect the type of Van gene by using polymerase chain reaction. Three of the strains were isolated from blood cultures and one from cerebrospinal fluid of the hospitalized patients between the years 2000-2004, and identified by both conventional methods and commercial kits. By using PFGE, we detected that isolates were different according to Tenover criteria and they had VanA genes. As a result, VanA carrying VRE cause sporadic infections in our hospital. The molecular epidemiologic investigation of resistant microorganisms is important in terms of infection control and epidemiology.

Bacteremia↗
PubMed1991

Synergy study of vancomycin or teicoplanin plus gentamicin against enterococci, Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci by time-kill method.

We conducted a time-kill study comparing the combination of vancomycin plus gentamicin versus teicoplanin plus gentamicin against 20 clinical isolates each, of enterococci, S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci. The concentrations of vancomycin and teicoplanin were selected so that cultures containing these drugs alone contained 10(3) to 10(6) cfu/ml after 24 hr, mostly 2 to 4 times the MIC for each isolate. In this way we could be certain that synergism or antagonism would not go undetected. One-fourth of the gentamicin MIC for each isolate was used throughout the study. In vitro bactericidal synergy was considered to be present when vancomycin plus gentamicin or teicoplanin plus gentamicin yielded at least a 2 log 10 decline in cfu/ml compared to vancomycin or teicoplanin alone. There was no significant difference between the two antibiotic combinations against these gram-positive cocci. The antibiotic combinations showed synergy against 75 per cent of enterococcal isolates, 70 per cent of S. aureus isolates and 50 per cent of coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates when measured at 24 hr of incubation. Five (25%) enterococcal strains resistant to the synergistic effect of the antibiotic combinations had gentamicin MICs greater than 64 mg/L. For staphylococcal isolates, no association was found between synergy and gentamicin susceptibility, methicillin resistance, or tolerance to vancomycin or teicoplanin.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1990

[Enterococci: high level of resistance to aminoglycosides in strains isolated by different laboratories in Catalonia].

We study 583 strains of enterococci isolates by 19 laboratories from Catalonia: 546 E. faecalis (93.5%), 34 E. faecium (6%) and 3 E. durans (0.5%). We inoculated all the strains in Müeller-Hinton agar with 2,000 mg/l of one of the following aminoglycoside: gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, streptomycin and kanamycin. Global incidence of high-level resistance was 9.4% to gentamicin, 7.3% to tobramycin, 0.2% to amikacin, 30.3% to streptomycin and 37.7% to kanamycin, with important changes in regard of procedence.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1990

[Synthesis of new fluorogenic substrates derivated of 7-amino-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin. Detection of gram-negative bacteria, Streptococci group A and Enterococci].

The synthesis of substrates having 7-amino 4-trifluoromethyl coumarin as fluorogenic reagent is described. The first group is performed from L-alanine derivative in order to investigate L-alanine aminopeptidase activity for the detection of Gram-negative bacteria. The second group is synthesized from the L-pyrrolidon carboxylic acid. It allows us to detect the PYRase activity of group A Streptococci and Enterococci. These substrates are evaluated with the N-protected form and the amino free one.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed1990

[The behavior of fecal coliforms, enterococci and salmonellae in the agricultural use of sludge from purification plants].

Considering especially the duration of survival of faecal-coliforms, enterococci and salmonellae the behaviour on plants and in soil were investigated after the treatment with sludge. From the epidemiological point of view the plants and soils were not dangerous after having treated them with sludge for nearly six months. Conclusions for the practical use in agriculture were drawn.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1989

[The ability to grow on Levine's or Endo's media as a test for the identification of enterococci].

The suggested test for the identification of enterococci is based on their ability, unlike other streptococci, to grow in Levine's or Endo's media. A total of 128 enterococcal and 251 other streptococcal cultures were examined. The studies have demonstrated reliability of the suggested test, which permits, as a rule, cutting down the time for identification by 1 day and simplifying the investigation.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1989

Effects of clindamycin and gentamicin and other antimicrobial combinations against enterococci in an experimental model of intra-abdominal abscess.

A model was developed to permit direct assessment of antibiotic efficacy against Enterococcus species in experimental intra-abdominal abscess. Abscesses yielded Enterococcus faecalis in pure culture. Antimicrobials were delivered by precisely controlled continuous intravenous infusion. After five days of therapy, ampicillin alone or in combination with gentamicin reduced residual bacterial titers from 7.93 +/- 1.05 (untreated) to 3.51 +/- 1.07 and 3.52 +/- 0.81 log10 colony forming units per gram, respectively. Both the clindamycin and gentamicin combination (6.49 +/- 1.33) and metronidazole and gentamicin combination (6.79 +/- 0.90) significantly suppressed the growth of enterococci (p less than 0.01). Combined clindamycin and aztreonam was ineffective, as were any of the agents used alone (except ampicillin). These results may explain, in part, the clinical efficacy of certain drug combinations against the enterococcal component of polymicrobial abscesses despite the apparent lack of in vitro activity of individual agents.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1988

[The degree of DNA homology in enterococci].

Studies carried out by the method of DNA-DNA hybridization have confirmed that Enterococcus faecalis, S. faecium and S. durans are independent species. As revealed in these studies, S. faecalis are homogeneous, genetically related and form an independent, sharply defined species, while S. faecium form a heterogeneous species. Mobile enterococci with yellow pigmentation must not be classified with both S. faecalis and S. faecium.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Cell surface charge of lactobacilli and enterococci isolated from pig small intestine as studied by free zone electrophoresis: a methodological study.

The net surface charge density, as revealed by electrophoretic mobility values, of fourteen strains of lactobacilli and two strains of enterococci isolated from the small intestine of pigs, was studied by a free zone electrophoretic technique in a rotating quartz electrophoresis tube. Most lactobacilli strains of low surface hydrophobicity (i.e. hydrophilic strains) showed high electrophoretic mobility values but no visible capsule, while most strains of intermediate and high surface hydrophobicity showed low mobility. Some strains, hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic, had mobility values equal or close to zero. Electrophoretic mobilities of strains of extremely high surface hydrophobicity were difficult to determine due to cell clumping during electrophoresis. These strains adhered best in vitro to isolated pig intestinal epithelial cells. Both enterococcal strains from pig showed high electrophoretic mobility values. In conclusion, a rapid, accurate and highly reproducible method is described for the determination of the net surface charge density of procaryotes. High electrophoretic mobility of hydrophilic strains suggests surface accumulation of highly negative charged surface polymers such as capsule or slime material. However, none of the porcine strains showed visible capsule, as did the hydrophilic laboratory strain Lactobacillus casei NCTC 10302. Electrophoretic methods have a great potential in studies of adhesion mechanisms of bacteria to different surfaces as well as isolation of capsule variants within a heterogenous bacterial population.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Effect of components of curing mixtures on the antagonistic properties of enterococci and other bacteria isolated from cured meat].

Effect of sodium chloride, glucose, sodium glutamate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, sodium nitraite, ascorbic acid, sodium citrate, polyphosphates (Hamine) on antagonistic activity of enterococci and various bacteria isolated from cured meat against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi-murium, Salmonella cholerae-suis, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium botulinum type A, Clostridium botulinum type B, Clostridium botulinum type E, Clostridium bifermentans, Clostridium perfringens type A, Clostridium sporogenes. It was found that some of the chemical compounds examined increased the antagonistic effect and other compounds partly or totally inhibited it. Sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, potassium nitrate, glucose, and ascorbic acid in majority of cases increased antagonism and sodium citrate and polyphosphates restrained this phenomenon.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Isolation of enterococci from clinical materials and their susceptibility to antibiotics (author's transl)].

Three hundred and fifty-one strains of enterococci were isolated from 2,337 clinical materials including urine, blood, pus and other during 6 months of spring and summer in 1977. Urine was the most frequent source of the organism among them. As for species, S. liquefaciens was isolated most frequently (45.5%), being followed by S. zymogenes (26.5%) and S. faecalis (21.5%) in order. The susceptibility of the isolates was tested with 10 antibiotics. In general, the majority of the strains were resistant to several antibiotics, but almost all the strains were susceptible to ampicillin and benzylpenicillin. The susceptibility of S. liquefaciens, S. zymogenes and S. faecalis to 10 antibiotics was similar with each other in pattern, while that of S. faecium and S. durans was considerably lower.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pathogenesis of food poisoning due to enterococci].

The enteropathogenic properties of enterococci having proteolytic characteristics were studied in experiments on isolated loops of the rat and rabbit small intestine. It was shown that Str. faecalis v. liguefaciens (4 strains) and Str. faecalis zymogenes (1 strain) possess enteropathogenic properties. However, the degree of pathogenicity varied, which was confirmed by characteristic macro- and microscopic changes seen in the ligated loops of the small intestine of the experimental animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

In vitro activity of modern penicillins and cephalosporins against enterococci.

The in vitro activity of nine penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics against enterococci was compared by MIC determination and killing curve experiments. To inhibit 90% of the 143 clinical isolates tested the following drug concentrations were required: mezlocillin, 1--2 micrograms/ml; azlocillin, 2 micrograms/ml; piperacillin, 4 micrograms/ml; cefazedone, 16 micrograms/ml; cefazolin and cefoperazone, 32 micrograms/ml; ticarcillin, 64 micrograms/ml. Cefotaxime and lamoxactam proved to be almost ineffective at 128 micrograms/ml which was the highest concentration tested. In killing curve experiments a reduction of viable cell count by 2--3 logs was achieved with all antibiotics except cefotaxime and lamoxactam. In general, the acylureido-penicillins exhibited a better bactericidal activity than the cephalosporins.

Cephalosporins↗
PubMed1982

Resistance to macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin antibiotics in enterococci from the intestines of animals.

Macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin group B (MLS) resistant strains were found among enterococci isolated from caeca of poultry, pigs and cattle. The percentage of MLS resistance among the poultry strains was 70 per cent. The Streptococcus faecium strains were more susceptible than the other enterococcal strains to virginiamycin, a member of the streptogramin class of antibiotics. This was due to higher susceptibility of the S faecium strains to the virginiamycin component M which belongs to the streptogramin group A antibiotics. Ability to inactivate clindamycin, an antibiotic of the lincosamide class of antibiotics, was noted in an unclassified group D streptococcus strain isolated from a pig.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Higher fatty acid composition of enterococci].

The content of unsaturated fatty acids in enterococcal cells has been found to have no essential relation to the composition of the culture medium. When cultivated in the same media, S. faecium had the degree of lipid unsaturation 1.5-2 times higher than S. faecalis. Mobile enterococci are sharply differentiated from immobile species by the content of cyclopropanic acid with 19 carbon atoms, constitute a heterogenous group and consist of at least 2 taxons, differing in the content of acids with 18 carbon atoms and the degree of lipid unsaturation.

Chromatography, Gas↗