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At least 1,117 records · Page 62Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Morphology of the neoplasms of the thyroid gland in Fischer 344 rats treated with 4,4'-methylene-bis-(N,N-dimethyl)-benzenamine.

Follicular neoplasms of the thyroid gland developed in 79 of 200 Fischer 344 rats of both sexes, fed either 0.0375% or 0.075% 4,4'-methylene-bis-(N,N-dimethyl)-benzenamine (MDBA) mixed with the diet. Hyperplastic changes in the follicular epithelium occurred in 12 rats fed the higher concentration of this chemical. One of 40 control rats had a follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1999

Diffuse lipomatosis of thyroid gland.

A case of diffuse lipomatosis of the thyroid gland is presented. Previously documented cases of this rare disorder are reviewed. Diffuse lipomatosis of the thyroid, amyloid goiter with adipose tissue, and the relationship between lipomatosis and adenolipoma are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrasonographic evaluation of the thyroid gland in healthy, hypothyroid, and euthyroid Golden Retrievers with nonthyroidal illness.

Ultrasound evaluation of the thyroid gland was performed in healthy, hypothyroid, and euthyroid Golden Retriever dogs with nonthyroidal illness (NTI) to determine the diagnostic usefulness of ultrasound for differentiating between euthyroid and hypothyroid dogs. Thirty-six healthy, 11 hypothyroid, and 35 euthyroid dogs with NTI were evaluated. Each thyroid lobe was examined ultrasonographically for size, shape, echogenicity, and homogeneity. Thyroid lobe volume was estimated by using the equation for an ellipsoid: pi/6(length X height x width). No differences were found between healthy dogs and euthyroid dogs with NTI. In the majority of euthyroid dogs, the thyroid lobes were fusiform and triangular in shape in longitudinal and transverse planes, respectively. The thyroid capsule appeared smooth. The thyroid parenchyma had a homogeneous echogenic pattern and usually was hyperechoic or isoechoic compared with the surrounding musculature. Ultrasound findings in hypothyroid dogs were more variable, including a greater frequency of round to oval-shaped thyroid lobes in the transverse imaging plane (P < .05), hypoechogenicity of the thyroid parenchyma compared with surrounding musculature (P < .001), and a decrease in the size and volume of the thyroid lobes and total volume of the thyroid gland (P < .05) compared with euthyroid dogs. Other findings in hypothyroid dogs included an irregular surface to the thyroid capsule, a heterogeneous pattern to the thyroid parenchyma, and differences in the echogenic pattern between the left and right thyroid lobes. Results suggest that determination of thyroid size and volume by ultrasound may be a useful adjunctive test for differentiating between hypothyroid and euthyroid dogs with NTI.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Expression of nitric oxide synthase isoforms in the thyroid gland: evidence for a role of nitric oxide in vascular control during goiter formation.

The thyroid gland is a highly vascular tissue, and its blood flow changes dramatically in various pathological conditions. Although the mechanisms regulating these changes in vascularity and blood flow are not well understood, candidate mediators include endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO). In the present study, we used a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay to determine which components of these vasoregulatory pathways are present in the thyroid and to analyze changes in gene expression in an experimental model of goiter formation and involution. Expression of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) encoding ET-1, ET receptors (ETA and ETB), ET-converting enzyme, and the three nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms (NOS I, NOS II, and NOS III) was readily detected in the rat thyroid. After goiter formation was induced by thiouracil and a low iodine diet, there was increased expression of the genes encoding ET-related proteins (ET-1, 3.2-fold; ETA, 2.9-fold; ETB, 3.5-fold) as well as two of the three NOS isoforms (NOS I, 2.7-fold; NOS III, 4.9-fold). During iodide-induced involution, the ET-related mRNA levels remained elevated, whereas those of the two NOS isoforms returned to basal values. ET-converting enzyme, NOS II, and thyroglobulin mRNAs were minimally affected in this model, providing evidence for selective regulation of these genes. To assess whether NO plays a role in vascular changes during goiter formation, animals were treated with a NOS inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (NAME). NOS activity in the thyroid was inhibited by more than 75% after treatment with NAME. Thyroid hormone and TSH levels were unchanged. Although NAME had little effect on overall thyroid size, vascular expansion during goiter formation was decreased by 36%. We conclude that the thyroid gland expresses a complex network of vasoactive genes whose expression is regulated dynamically during thyroid goiter formation and involution. NO production and probably other locally produced vasoactive substances are involved in changes in thyroid vascularization.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Acute suppurative thyroiditis in a malignant thyroid gland.

A case of acute suppurative thyroiditis in a malignant thyroid gland is presented. The patient was an elderly woman with several years' history of pre-existing goitre. A diagnosis of acute suppurative thyroiditis was not difficult to make because clinical features of an infected thyroid swelling appeared obvious. With the help of intravenous antibiotics and early incision and drainage the patient did well and is now receiving radiotherapy.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Immunocytological study of the distribution of C-cells calcitonin in the thyroid gland of the normal adult gerbil.

The distribution of C-cells in the thyroid gland of the gerbil (Meriones inguiculatus) was studied on serial sections in the cranio-caudal direction. C-cells were visualized by immunofluorescence with an anti-calcitonin immune serum. A very heterogeneous distribution was found. C-cells first appear in the posterio-interior position. Then they progressively occupy the whole posterior part and finally are confined to the posterio-exterior position. No C-cells at all were detected in the upper and lower poles. According to the species, there is a wide variation in the relative distribution of C-cells in the thyroid gland. Our results add to the information available about the distribution of C-cells and its bearing on phylogenic evolution.

Animals↗