Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “SYNOVIAL FLUID”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,117 records · Page 62Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Increased concentrations of nitrite in synovial fluid and serum samples suggest increased nitric oxide synthesis in rheumatic diseases.

Cytokines induce nitric oxide synthesis by endothelial cells, macrophages and polymorphonuclear leucocytes, indicating a role for nitric oxide in inflammatory processes. Nitric oxide production was therefore measured indirectly as nitrite in serum and synovial fluid samples from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) together with serum samples from healthy volunteers matched for age and sex. Serum nitrite concentrations in patients with RA and OA were significantly higher than in controls. In both disease groups synovial fluid nitrite was significantly higher than serum nitrite, implying nitric oxide synthesis by the synovium. Serum and synovial fluid nitrite concentrations in RA were also significantly higher than those in OA. These data show increased nitric oxide production in RA and OA and suggest a role for nitric oxide as an inflammatory mediator in rheumatic diseases.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1984

Generation of long-term T-cell lines from synovial fluid.

Investigations of human autoimmune diseases have largely involved study of circulating T cells. The development of T-cell cloning technology has made possible the study of the small numbers of T cells found at sites of pathological involvement in autoimmune diseases. In this initial communication, the feasibility of in vitro propagation of synovial fluid T cells from patients with arthritis is demonstrated. The generation of long-term, phenotypic helper/inducer, as well as phenotypic suppressor/cytotoxic, interleukin 2-dependent synovial fluid T-cell lines from patients with arthritis is reported. The ability to generate such synovial fluid T-cell lines should now allow for new investigative approaches to human autoimmune arthritic diseases.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed2004

How to keep a wet preparation of synovial fluid.

Identification of crystals in the synovial fluid (SF) is mandatory for the diagnosis of a microcrystal deposition arthropathy. In some cases, this analysis can be troublesome, especially in medical centers where a qualified practitioner is not continually present. Therefore, we investigated a method for preservation of a wet preparation of SF for 24 hours at room temperature. The procedure consisted in storing the preparation in a closed Petri plate whose bottom was covered by a cellulose compress moistened with saline (0.9% sodium chloride) separated from the slide by 2 wooden or glass sticks. The joint aspirates of 20 consecutive patients with various microcrystal arthropathies were read immediately after aspiration and reviewed after 24 hours on the slides stored according to the previously mentioned procedure. For 11 of the 20 cases, a second SF preparation was stored in normal conditions. The amounts of crystals were estimated semiquantitatively.Preparations stored in the Petri plates were clearly readable after 24 hours and crystals still identifiable on each slide. The amounts of crystals were still the same. After 24 hours, the preparations stored in normal conditions were dry, the shapes of the crystals were blurred, their amount was reduced, and birefringent artifacts were seen. In conclusion, when the amounts of SF are small and a skilled technician or a rheumatologist is not immediately available for reading the preparation, storing the wet preparation of SF in a moistened Petri plate can prove useful.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1976

The emergency joint: arthrocentesis and synovial fluid analysis.

Arthrocentesis and the subsequent evaluation of synovial fluid is often the definitive diagnostic procedure for the patient presenting with a joint effusion or intrasynovial hemorrhage. The difficulty of performing arthrocentesis varies with the joint in question, but those joints most frequently involved are easily entered. The indications and contraindications for this procedure are discussed. Effusion-producing pathologic processes often yield fluids of a characteristic nature permitting their classifications into categories of noninflammatory (Group I), inflammatory (Group II), septic (Group III), and hemorrhagic. This categorization of the effusion may permit specific diagnosis or the narrowing of the differential diagnosis. Criteria are established on the basis of joint fluid features to differentiate septic arthritis, which requires inpatient treatment, from those entities for which the patient may reasonably be treated as an outpatient.

Ankle Joint↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The mechanism of synovial fluid retention in pressurized joint cavities.

OBJECTIVE: Hyaluronan (HA) in synovial fluid is vital to fluid retention in joint cavities. This study aims to evaluate a HA concentration polarization hypothesis and to examine, quantitatively, the agreement between theoretical predictions and experimental results. METHODS: A non-steady-state model was developed for HA ultrafiltration and concentration polarization on the synovial surface. The Kedem-Katchalsky equation was used to calculate the trans-synovial filtration rate Q as the HA concentration polarization layer built up. Model parameters were based on data from experiments. Effects of parameters on fluid filtration were investigated. RESULTS: The HA osmotic pressure at the synovial surface was found to approach the intra-articular pressure, P, during fluid infusion. The model simulated the experimentally observed decay in Q with the time at constant P, and predicted nonlinear P-Q relations in good agreement with experimental results over a range of bulk HA concentrations, from pathological (0.2 g L(- 1)) to physiological (4.0 g L(-1)). It gave quantitative insights into the development of the osmotic pressure and the significance of the HA reflection coefficient. CONCLUSIONS: The osmotic pressure of a HA concentration polarization layer on the synovial surface leads to outflow buffering. This provides the mechanism by which the vital lubricating synovial fluid is retained in a joint cavity under pressure.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Persistence of Staphylococcus aureus as detected by polymerase chain reaction in the synovial fluid of a patient with septic arthritis.

Septic arthritis commonly occurs in the rheumatoid arthritis population. The diagnosis is frequently delayed and the associated mortality is high. In this brief report, we present a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and prosthetic knee joints who developed septic arthritis and had persisting evidence of Staphylococcus aureus DNA in synovial fluid, from his knees, which was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a gene probe. This was detected until 10 weeks of therapy despite adequate antibiotic treatment and a sterile synovial fluid. In the future, it may be found that PCR of the synovial fluid will be a valuable investigation for the diagnosis and management of septic arthritis.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Salmonella specific antibodies in serum and synovial fluid in patients with reactive arthritis.

The occurrence of Salmonella specific antibodies was analysed in paired serum and synovial fluid samples from 12 patients with Salmonella triggered reactive arthritis. The antibody concentration of IgA2 subclass in synovial fluid exceeded that of serum in 8 of the 12 pairs studied, compared to 0-3 in the other immunoglobulin classes and subclasses. This finding indicates intra-articular production of IgA2 class antibodies against the triggering microbe.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Beta-2-microglobulin in synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis.

The concentration of beta-2-microglobulin was determined by radioimmunoassay in the synovial fluid of 12 patients affected with rheumatoid arthritis and in 10 with other arthropathies. The white cell count, total protein concentration, total hemolytic activity of complement and acid phosphatase activity were also determined. Only beta-2-microglobulin was found to be significantly higher in rheumatoids compared to non-rheumatoid cases. In contrast, the other parameters showed no significant differences between the 2 groups of patients. These preliminary observations suggest that the measurement of beta-2-microglobulin concentrations in synovial fluid may be of diagnostic value.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of synovial fluid: method for detecting candidate protein markers for osteoarthritis.

Synovial fluid (SF) is a dynamic reservoir for proteins originating from serum, synovial tissue, and cartilage. The composition of the SF proteome may reflect the pathophysiological conditions affecting the circulatory system and cartilage. Our long-term goal is to identify reliable protein markers for osteoarthritis (OA) in SF. We first evaluated the pattern of SF proteins on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) as a function of protein loading, pH range for isoelectric focusing, and concentration of acrylamide in SDS-PAGE. Removal of albumin and Gamma-globulins from the samples did not improve the detection of protein spots on 2D-PAGE. The repeatability of protein spot intensity was tested by triplicate 2D-PAGE of a given sample; these experiments showed low intrasample variability (correlation coefficients 0.89-0.95). Differences between multiple samples were tested by comparing the 2D-PAGE of four samples. These experiments showed slightly greater variation between samples (correlation coefficients 0.85-0.93) and a number of differentially expressed proteins. The intensity of 18 protein spots differed more than fivefold, and the intensity of nine protein spots differed more than 100-fold. These results show that 2D-PAGE can be used under standard conditions to screen SF samples and identify a small subset of proteins in SF that are potential markers associated with OA.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1989

Membrane N-acetylglucosamine: expression by cells in rheumatoid synovial fluid, and by pre-cultured monocytes.

After 21-48 h in culture, 2-8% of human peripheral blood monocytes strongly express terminal N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) on their membranes. This can be detected with a monoclonal antibody selected for binding to asialo-agalacto-fetuin, and is eliminated by incubating the cells in pure N-acetylglucosaminidase. Expression of GlcNAc is transient, and can no longer be detected by day 4. These cells are a subset of macrophages since they are positive for non-specific esterase and stained by the monoclonal antibody EBM 11. GlcNAc-positive cells showing double staining with monoclonal antibodies UCHM1 and RFD7 were detected. Their numbers were not influenced by the addition of GM-CSF, IFN-gamma, 1,25-(OH)2 cholecalciferol or indomethacin. Macrophages which give membrane staining for terminal GlcNAc were also found in rheumatoid synovial fluid, and in synovial tissue, though in the peripheral blood their frequency was the same in samples from normal donors and from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Immunoblots of 24-48-h monocyte cultures or of fresh synovial fluid cells using the anti-GlcNAc monoclonal, show the anticipated agalactosyl IgG heavy chains, and an additional band of 70-80kDa.

Acetylglucosamine↗
PubMed2003

Polyethylene wear particles in synovial fluid after total knee arthroplasty.

The aims of the current study were to examine polyethylene particles in synovial fluid at an early stage, and to compare a newly introduced medial pivot total knee prosthesis with an established posterior-stabilized total knee prosthesis. Synovial fluid was obtained 1 year after knee arthroplasty from 17 patients with well-functioning prostheses (22 knees, 11 posterior-stabilized prostheses and 11 medial pivot prostheses) under complete sterile conditions. Polyethylene particles were isolated and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Particle size (equivalent circle diameter) was 0.78 +/- 0.08 microm (mean +/- standard error) in posterior-stabilized prostheses and 0.67 +/- 0.06 microm in medial pivot prostheses. Particle shape (aspect ratio) was 2.30 +/- 0.22 in posterior-stabilized prostheses and 1.90 +/- 0.16 in medial pivot prostheses. The total numbers of particles were 1.16 +/- 0.57 x 10(8) in posterior-stabilized prostheses and 9.01 +/- 2.95 x 10(6) in medial pivot prostheses. Particles were smaller and rounder in medial pivot prostheses than in posterior-stabilized prostheses, but the differences were not significant. The difference in the common logarithm of particle number was significant. The medial pivot prosthesis generated less wear particles than the posteriorstabilized prosthesis, and these findings may have an impact on the incidence of osteolysis and aseptic loosening.

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee↗
PubMed2005

Rheological characterization of an artificial synovial fluid.

Rheological measurements on two classes of artificial synovial fluids have been carried out in the attempt to get a suitable but cheap lubricant for wear tests of prosthetic materials. Fluids of both classes are solutions of hyaluronic acid (HA) that, for one class, is dissolved into a simple Ringer solution whereas, for the other class, into a mixture of human serum and Ringer solution. Similar rheological properties have been observed for both classes of fluids. Experimental results have been interpreted by two classical models that are commonly used in the literature to describe the rheological behavior of colloidal systems and of polymer solutions with high entanglement density, respectively. The quality of correlations shows that, at high HA concentrations, entangled structures are largely present and cannot be neglected.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed1989

Slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) activity in the synovial fluids of rabbits with antigen-induced arthritis.

Synovial fluids from rabbits with antigen-induced arthritis were investigated for the presence of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) using biological assay in guinea-pig ileum. Inflamed joints from rabbits sacrificed within eight hours of the articular challenge disclosed SRS-A activity, indicating that peptidic leukotrienes may also be important in the physiopathology of acute articular inflammatory processes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Metalloproteinases and tumor necrosis factor-alpha activities in synovial fluids of horses: correlation with articular cartilage alterations.

Early detection of osteoarthritis in horses represents a challenge for equine practitioners. Several biological markers have been implicated in the pathological processes involved in articular cartilage destruction. To further document cartilage matrix proteases production, synovial fluid was collected from 14 horses (90 joints) before they were subjected to euthanasia. Growth macroscopic examination of the joints gave information on cartilage alterations. Samples were analyzed for matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) activities by gelatin zymography and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) cytotoxicity using L929 cells. Significant increase of MMP-9 monomer and dimer were found in synovial fluids of joints with severe cartilage alterations. On the contrary, the activity of TNF-alpha was not correlated to the degree of joint damage. The levels of MMP-9 monomer and dimer in the synovial fluid could reflect cartilage alteration in arthritis in the horse.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Modulation of immunocompetent cells in the synovial fluid TGF-beta].

Mononuclear cells (MNC) in synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other arthropathies differ clearly from MNC in peripheral blood. Typically the ratio of CD4(+)-/CD8+ lymphocytes is inverted and the response to mitogens/cytokines (IL-1/IL-2) is impaired. Active TGF-beta (transforming growth factor beta) was found to account for these abnormalities, and the major isoform was identified as TGF-beta 2.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed2003

Fibroblast growth factor 2 in synovial fluid from an osteoarthritic knee with cartilage regeneration.

The levels of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) in synovial fluid of osteoarthritic knees were measured. The correlation between FGF2 and the severity of cartilage degeneration in varus-deformed knees with medial compartmental osteoarthritis or the articular cartilage regeneration that occurs after high tibial osteotomy (HTO) were investigated. Knees that underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were categorized as either mildly or severely degenerated according to a modified Outerbridge's grading system for degeneration of articular cartilage. Regeneration of articular cartilage was observed in a biopsy specimen from the medial femoral condyle removed with the patient's consent during hardware removal approximately 2 years after HTO. The joint fluid FGF2 level was measured at that time using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cartilage regeneration was classified as immature or mature according to the staging for regeneration of articular cartilage. The histological findings were analyzed using Pineda's evaluation method for cartilage regeneration. The mean concentration of FGF2 was 57.4 +/- 17.6 pg/ml in the joint fluid from knees with severely degenerated cartilage. This was higher than the FGF2 concentration found in the mildly degenerated group. Approximately 2 years after HTO the FGF2 level in synovial fluid was lower in knees with mature regenerated cartilage than in those with immature regeneration. Osteoarthritic knees at a more mature regeneration stage had a lower Pineda's histological score. This result suggested that the FGF2 concentration in knees with osteoarthritis was influenced by articular cartilage degeneration and regeneration, and it correlated with the histological evaluation.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Comparison of blood and synovial fluid lymphocyte subsets in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.

Immunoregulatory T-cell deficiency is thought to underlie pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as a systemic autoimmunopathy. The aim of this study was a simultaneous analysis of peripheral blood and synovial lymphocyte subsets (Ly-SS) of RA patients as compared to patients with locally active osteoarthritis (OA). Peripheral blood Ly-SS and paired synovial fluid Ly-SS from 87 RA patients were analysed by two dimensional flow cytometry (Simulset Becton Dickinson) as compared to 15 OA patients. The control group consisted of 32 healthy subjects. The peripheral blood analysis from RA and OA patients revealed a significant decrease of CD8+ T-cells and increase of CD4+: CD8+ ratio when compared to the control group. The blood of RA patients showed a significant increase of HLA DR+ and IL 2R+ T cells as compared to OA group. The synovial fluid from RA and OA patients showed a significant increase of CD3+, CD8+, HLA DR+ T-cells and decrease of CD4+:CD8+ ratio and CD19+ cells in comparison to the peripheral blood. This study shows, that the OA T-cell system seems not to be activated in peripheral blood in opposition to RA patients. Synovial fluid Ly-SS in OA, however, showed only quantitative but not qualitative differences. OA seems to be mainly a local inflammatory response depending on T-cells, when lymphocyte T activity in blood is diminished.

Aged↗