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Social class, defective hearing, and language.

Linguistic behavior of lower class normal-hearing children is less developed than that of higher class children. This study tests the hypothesis that the same applies to hearing defective (h.d.) children. Ninety-six h.d. children were tested with a linguistic ability test. The h.d. chiren scored lower than the higher class h.d. children. Within their own class the difference between the higher class h.d. and normal-hearing children was larger than that between lower class h.d. and normla-hearing children.

Child↗

Social class, drinking and alcohol-related mortality.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the magnitude of class differences in the distribution of alcohol consumption in Sweden, and to assess whether this is compatible with the observed pattern in class-specific mortality. The emphasis is put on analyses of survey data from 1990, but we also provide an overview of earlier published data. The findings suggest that, over the past 20-30 years, there has been an equalization, or even reversal, between social strata in the average consumption of alcohol, such that the consumption level for manual laborers is now at parity with, or possibly exceeds, the level for non-manual employees. This shift may also have been accompanied by a shift in the dispersion: the 1990 survey data indicate that the consumption distribution for the manual laborers is more skewed than that for the non-manual employees, while no such tendency was detected in the early data. Calculations demonstrated that this difference in dispersion may well account for the elevated rate of alcohol-related mortality among manual laborers. The results are finally discussed as a case of deviation from the general rule of collective change in consumption.

Adolescent↗