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Results for “SALIVARY GLAND DISEASES”

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At least 1,117 records · Page 62Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of salivary gland lesions in a selected patient population.

OBJECTIVE: To report the role of selective use of preoperative fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in patients with major salivary gland lesions at a tertiary care cancer center. DESIGN: Retrospective review of FNAB results compared with final histologic diagnosis as the criterion standard. SETTING: An academic tertiary care cancer center. PATIENTS: A consecutive series of 258 patients who underwent FNAB of major salivary gland lesions between 1996 and 2000, of whom 169 had surgical resection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Predictive value, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. RESULTS: FNAB was performed in 169 (37%) of 463 salivary gland lesions undergoing surgical procedures. A total of 126 lesions were in the parotid gland and 44 in the submandibular gland. Seventy-nine lesions (46%) were malignant. There were 150 FNAB specimens (89%) that were satisfactory for evaluation. The FNAB diagnosis of malignant or suspicious lesion had positive and negative predictive values of 84% and 77%, respectively. Ten of 20 false-negative FNAB results were low-grade lymphoma on final histologic assessment. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy diagnosis of a benign neoplasm had positive and negative predictive values of 83% and 88%, respectively. A cytopathologic diagnosis of a nonneoplastic lesion was predictive in only 47% of cases. Fifteen (47%) of 32 lymphocyte-predominant FNAB specimens were lymphoma on final histologic assessment. Ten (20%) of 49 patients with history of a solid, non-head and neck malignancy had evidence of distant metastasis to the salivary gland by histologic and/or cytopathologic assessment. CONCLUSIONS: An FNAB diagnosis of malignant or neoplastic major salivary gland disease is generally predictive of final histologic diagnosis. The predictive value of a negative FNAB finding is low, and should not supersede clinical suspicion. Cytologic findings of a lymphocyte-predominant lesion should prompt further workup to rule out lymphoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Regeneration of acini in submandibular gland autografts.

Regeneration of submandibular gland (SMG) secretory parenchyma is remarkably impaired in salivary gland diseases and under experimental conditions such as in tissue culture and after isografting. In our study acinar regeneration was found to depend on the site where the SMG tissue was implanted. Implantation of several 2-3 mm3 fragments of SMG subcutaneously in the back of the same donor adult male rat resulted in initial necrosis and mononuclear cell infiltration of the autograft. Then there was epithelial proliferation with the appearance within 28 days of lobules which contained numerous duct-like structures and only a few or no acini. In contrast, implanting SMG fragments in the anatomical bed of the donor gland resulted in the appearance of a more differentiated autograft. Although the initial tissue changes were similar to those seen in the autografts in the subcutaneous tissues of the back, the SMG autograft in the neck also contained numerous acini by 42 and 56 days after implantation. These data support the view that the implantation site influences the course of cytodifferentiation in SMG autografts.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Possibilities and limits of Doppler ultrasound in the area of the head-neck].

Sonography has provided an important addition to the tools available for the diagnosis of the soft tissues in the head and neck region. The ENT surgeon himself is able to examine pathological formations by this quick, non-invasive and, last but not least, less expensive method. Due to the high resolution of the procedure the chance of detecting even small changes is increased and the exactness of diagnosis of pathological lymph nodes of the neck has been significantly improved compared to palpation alone. Ultrasound has replaced the sialographic procedures in the field of diagnostic evaluation of salivary gland disease in the daily practice except for special indications. After inauguration of color Doppler sonography non-invasive evaluation of vascular stenosis of the large cervical vessels concerning their hemodynamic effects has become possible. This issue is important for the differential diagnosis of otoneurological diseases such as sudden hearing loss, vertigo and tinnitus. Additionally, the extent of perfusion of space-occupying lesions can be easily examined, and therefore the risk of mass bleeding can be preoperatively assessed by this method without harm to the patient. Especially carotid body tumors may be diagnosed with high accuracy by the evidence of significant diffuse perfusion of the lesion. In several studies the specificity of the assessment of cervical lymph node disease could be increased by examination of resistance indices. However, other authors have shown inconsistent results in differentiation of benign and malignant lumps; therefore, final judgment does not seem to be possible yet. Use of echo-contrast agents to enhance the ultrasound signal seems to be a promising approach for future developments in color Doppler imaging.

Humans↗
PubMed2007

Extracranial applications of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.

Diffusion-weighted MRI has become more and more popular in the last couple of years. It is already an accepted diagnostic tool for patients with acute stroke, but is more difficult to use for extracranial applications due to technical challenges mostly related to motion sensitivity and susceptibility variations (e.g., respiration and air-tissue boundaries). However, thanks to the newer technical developments, applications of body DW-MRI are starting to emerge. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the current status of the published data on DW-MRI in extracranial applications. A short introduction to the physical background of this promising technique is provided, followed by the current status, subdivided into three main topics, the functional evaluation, tissue characterization and therapy monitoring.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Medication side effects of dental interest.

Many dental patients require continuing medication. With some, the medications will have side effects that have an oral or perioral manifestation. Commonly prescribed medications and their dental side effects are listed. This information may aid patients who have oral symptoms unrelated to the needed dental care.

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions↗
PubMed1992

Oral lesions of iatrogenic and undefined etiology and neurologic disorders associated with HIV infection.

A review of a miscellaneous group of oral mucosal disorders in the setting of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus is presented. Included is a discussion of oral lesions of iatrogenic and undefined etiology and neurologic disorders. Mechanisms of pathogenesis, including possible common pathways and relationships to underlying immunosuppression, are emphasized.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

Knowledge of the human immunodeficiency virus among final year dental students.

A sound basis of knowledge about HIV infection and AIDS is essential to allow students to develop as dentists who undertake appropriate measures during clinical practice. In addition, it is also likely that possessing appropriate information may instil confidence in their own ability to diagnose and then manage patients infected by HIV. A questionnaire designed to test the knowledge of final year dental students in the UK was completed by 60.5% of students in 15 out of the 16 dental schools in the UK. Generally, the students rated the teaching they had received about cross-infection precautions, virology, sterilization practice and procedures and recognition of blood-borne virus risk groups as adequate or more than adequate. However, there was a lower degree of satisfaction expressed for instruction in the management of blood-borne virus carriers and the performance of barrier dentistry. Most dental students were aware of the association of hairy leukoplakia, oral Kaposi's sarcoma, oral candidiasis as a whole, and thrush as one clinical variant, with HIV infection but there was a much lower level of knowledge of erythematous candidiasis, HIV-associated salivary gland disease, oral melanotic hyperpigmentation and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. This study highlights some important gaps in the knowledge of final year dental students about HIV and AIDS.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2005

The role of imaging and surgery in the management of vascular tumors of the masseter muscle.

PURPOSE: Intramuscular vascular malformations are uncommon lesions in the head and neck that may mimic salivary gland disease. This study reports on the use of various imaging modalities and recommends a surgical approach in the management of vascular malformations of the masseter muscle. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 7 consecutive patients with vascular tumors of the masseter muscle treated in one unit between 1995 and 2004. The age, gender, signs and symptoms, imaging methods, and surgical outcome are reported. A previously unreported surgical approach is described. RESULTS: All patients had atypical swellings in and around the parotid region that were difficult to diagnose on plain radiography and computed tomography. Magnetic resonance imaging provides accurate three-dimensional images and provisional diagnosis of lesions within the masseter muscle. Six of the 7 patients underwent surgery by the recommended approach. No patients developed permanent facial weakness following modified parotidectomy. No recurrence of the vascular tumors occurred when the recommended approach is used. CONCLUSIONS: Magnetic resonance imaging remains the imaging modality of choice for the management of tumors of the masseter muscle. The extended parotidectomy approach gives good and safe surgical access in the management of these uncommon lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

The role of nitric oxide in oral diseases.

Although previously regarded as a toxic pollutant gas, nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived molecule that plays a key role in many physiological and pathological processes. It is produced in vivo from the amino acid L-arginine by a complex family of enzymes termed nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Since its discovery as a biological messenger in 1987, NO has been implicated in many disease processes, ranging from septic shock to cancer. It is a highly reactive free radical and causes concentration-dependent conformational changes in proteins, enzymes and DNA, predominantly by its reaction with transition metals and thiol residues. Although high concentrations of NO are cytotoxic, the levels produced in many human cancers possibly facilitate tumour growth and dissemination. The interest in this molecule by scientists and clinicians involved with the oral cavity and head and neck regions is fairly recent, and only a tiny minority of 50,000 papers currently cited on NO relate to diseases in this anatomical area. This review gives an overview of NO, outlining its basic chemistry, formation by NOS and its possible roles in the oral diseases studied to date. The implications for possible therapeutic manipulation of NO are also discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

Otolaryngologic manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Patients infected with HIV have become a steadily increasing part of most medical practices. Because most patients with HIV-related problems have manifestations in the head and neck, it is important that these be understood and recognized. This article briefly reviews the various otolaryngologic manifestations of HIV infection, including otologic, nasal, and paranasal sinus; oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx; and the neck.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1997

Diagnostic imaging in pediatric AIDS.

The manifestations of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in children are mainly secondary to opportunistic infection, lymphoproliferative diseases, and AIDS-related neoplasms. This article reviews the pathologic findings of various disorders afflicting children with AIDS and emphasizes the imaging of these disorders. Although many of the radiologic findings are not specific for a particular infection or neoplasm, the differential diagnostic possibilities for an abnormality can be narrowed down significantly with proper clinical correlation and knowledge of the imaging findings and pathologies specific to children with AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗