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Results for “Retinal Neoplasms”

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PubMed1999

Surgical reconstruction of the contracted orbit.

Anophthalmic patients and patients afflicted with retinoblastoma incur severe deformity of the orbit. Treatment of the severely contracted orbit is very difficult, and patient satisfaction is often poor. Since 1988, we have performed temporalis muscle transfer and surgical expansion of the contracted bony orbit in 26 patients. Satisfactory results were obtained. Gradual expansion of the orbit was performed in case of congenital anophthalmic patients. The treatment should be established in multiplicity, among many methods available for contracted eye sockets, according to the degree of orbital deformity and the amount of residual conjunctiva. In case of severe deformity, volume expansion surgery and temporalis muscle transfer are necessary. If augmentation is required in the periorbital region, rib bone onlay graft must be performed. We were able to shorten the operative time by modifying the three-wall orbital expansion technique of Tessier and Wolfe to a more simplified method. Our observations show that our procedures achieved symmetry in both eyes in all patients, and there have been no remarkable complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Leukocoria (white pupil) among children--mother is always right].

Leucocoria is a rare, but serious symptom in early childhood. It may be present at birth or develop during infancy. As in adults, infants usually display a black pupil, and upon shining a bright light into the pupil with the ophthalmoscope, an orange or red reflex emerges. The first person to see that something is wrong, is often the mother, but she cannot give a precise description. When the infant is crying it can be difficult to examine the red reflex, and the necessity of admitting the infant to an ophthalmologist, when the mother is worried, is discussed. In this paper we discuss two cases of retinoblastoma and one case of congenital cataract where the treatment was delayed due to late diagnosis of the leucocoria. The main conclusion is always to listen to the relatives when they are worried about the infant's eye, and to make sure that the infant is properly examined.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Carotenoids: 2. Diseases and supplementation studies].

Inverse correlations have been found in most studies on the relationship between dietary intake and plasma concentrations of carotenoids on one side and degenerative diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases on the other side. Protective effects of carotenoids have been found for pathologies of the retina and the skin. Concentrations of these molecules in blood are lower in digestive pathologies and HIV. Short- and long-term toxicity of carotenoids was found to be low. In combination with the beneficial effects found for diets rich in carotenoids, this has initiated trials with relatively high doses of carotenoid supplements. In the study in Linxian (China) in a rural population with poor nutritional status, supplementation with beta-carotene, zinc, selenium and vitamin E lowered total mortality and mortality from stomach cancer. Other studies (ATBC, Caret.) on well-fed subjects did not show beneficial effects on mortality from cancer and cardiovascular diseases. On the contrary, higher mortality and lung cancer incidence was found in supplemented subjects that were also exposed to asbestos and cigarette smoke. In these studies, doses of supplemental beta-carotene were high and varied from 20 to 50 mg/day. One still ongoing study, called Suvimax, doses subjects for eight years with a cocktail of vitamins and minerals including 6 mg per day of beta-carotene. This supplementation with physiologically seen more "normal" doses might give clarity on the question if beta-carotene is the protective factor in fruits and vegetables.

Anticarcinogenic Agents↗
PubMed1999

[Retinoblastoma].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Advanced bilateral retinoblastoma treated conservatively with lens sparing external beam radiation therapy: report of three cases.

From 1995 through 1998, 3 children with bilateral advanced retinoblastoma were treated primarily with external beam radiation therapy; 6 eyes were irradiated with a lens sparing technique, doses varied from 5500 to 5700 cGy, and follow-up period ranged from 14 to 36 months. Recurrent tumors were found in 3 eyes, and a new growing tumor in one eye. Three eyes underwent enucleation eventually; one eye refused enucleation and finally developed optic nerve extension. The overall ocular cure rate was 2/6 (33.3%). One eye sustained visual acuity of 20/30, the other eye retained some peripheral vision; both eyes were blind in one patient. There were no deaths, metastasis, or secondary malignant tumors in our study. Advanced bilateral retinoblastoma with simultaneous radiation therapy instead of bilateral enucleation does not increase the risk of death, and more children will enjoy the benefits of retaining some vision in the affected eye through the use of this conservative therapeutic regimen.

Female↗
PubMed1999

[The role of apoptosis in physiology and pathology of the retina].

Apoptosis is a genetically regulated form of cell death. Specific morphological and biochemical changes characterize apoptosis, including nuclear chromatin condensation, cytoplasmatic condensation, membrane blebbing and, on the molecular level, internucleosomal fragmentation of nuclear DNA. Cell death by apoptosis is essential for normal development and tissue homeostasis, and it is involved also in a variety of pathologic processes. Apoptosis is the final common pathway of photoreceptor cell death in retinal dystrophies and degeneration, retinal detachment, vitreoretinal proliferation, retinoblastoma and retinal injury. The authors present a brief literature review concerning studies on the role of apoptosis in pathogenesis on retinal diseases.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed1998

[Genetic studies in retinoblastoma].

For a fifteen year period it has been hospitalized in Ophthalmologic Clinic from Craiova nineteen cases with retinoblastoma, seventeenth of them have been sporadic forms and two hereditary forms. It was found chromosomal changes at the two hereditary forms, consisting by a deletion of the long arm of chromosome 13.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1998

[The results of multimodal treatment in retinoblastoma].

The paper is a retrospective study about complex treatment (surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy) in a group of 25 patients with retinoblastoma. The best results were in patients with early diagnosis, who came soon after surgery for chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Non presentation for chemotherapy and radiotherapy was the main cause of therapeutical fail.

Child↗
PubMed1999

[Coexistence of unilateral retinoblastoma and Leber-Coats's disease in contralateral eye-case report].

PURPOSE: A case report of retinoblastoma and Leber-Coats' disease coexistence--two diseases which are very dangerous to the organ of vision. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The paper presents a young patient who was sent to our Clinic at the age of 6 with very advanced unilateral retinoblastoma. He underwent enucleation of the eyeball as the initial treatment. Histopathological examination confirmed clinical diagnosis without infiltration of optic nerve or sclera. After 9 years of oncological observation there were characteristic changes for Leber's angiomatosis (temporo-inferior part of the retina) in another eye. Laserocoagulation of changes was performed twice. RESULTS: During 14 years of observation there was no retinoblastoma recurrence. In the peripheral part of the retina in the only eye there is constant progression of vessel changes which are the sources of periodical preretinal bleeding. In the macular region there were extensive exudative changes which lifted the retina and caused the total secondary retinal detachment. Laser photocoagulation, cryopexy and steroid therapy were ineffective. Ultimately the patient's visual acuity at distance deteriorated to light perception.

Angiomatosis↗
PubMed1999

[Hemangioma racemosum of retina: a case report].

PURPOSE: To report a case of haemangioma racemosum, a rare congenital disease. PATIENT: Female patient, aged 17, with unilateral decrease of visual acuity. Examination showed retinal arteriovenous malformations. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated variably sized arteriovenous communications, tortuosity and dilatation of the malformed vessels as well as normal vessels. CONCLUSION: The reported case shows the difficulties that may be encountered in differentiating haemangioma racemosum from hemangiomas associated with other disorders. A complete physical examination and angiography are essential in distinguishing difficult cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Single cell detection of inherited retinoblastoma predisposition.

Retinoblastoma susceptibility is an autosomal dominantly inherited cancer predisposition which also confers a life-long increased risk for various non-ocular malignancies. We developed a protocol for single cell detection of this disorder which enables its preimplantation genetic diagnosis as an alternative to prenatal diagnosis with attendant pregnancy termination. The presented method detects the underlying mutation of the disease, a linked intragenic polymorphism (p88PR0.6) and an independent marker (D21S1411) for genetic fingerprinting allowing detection of contamination. The strategy is based on the combination of nested triplex polymerase chain reaction, single strand conformation polymorphism analysis by conventional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fragment size determination with automated laser fluorescence.

DNA Mutational Analysis↗
PubMed1999

Preliminary translation and cultural adaptation of Health Utilities Index questionnaires for application in Argentina.

Quality-of-life assessment is being used increasingly in clinical research. This is true particularly in the case of survivors of cancer in childhood, where improving survival rates have raised concern regarding the long-term effects of medical cure. Health-status assessment and quality-of-life instruments have been developed for the most part in the English language, thus necessitating their translation and cultural adaptation for use in non-English-speaking countries. Our purpose was to develop a set of Spanish-language questionnaires for application with a population of children with cancer in a tertiary-care center in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The Health Utilities Index (HUI), a conceptual framework for assessing health status, was chosen for this study. Three distinct questionnaires, based on the HUI, were used: a self-completed one for health professionals and teachers (15Q) to report assessments of children and 2 interviewer-administered ones, for child survivors (42Q) to report assessments about their own health status and parents (45Q) to report assessments about their children's health status. The original translations and reviews were accomplished with direct oversight by members of the HUI Group, to ensure conceptual equivalence. The instruments were then tested in Buenos Aires by application to staff of the hematology-oncology service, childhood cancer patients and the parents of childhood cancer patients. Several modifications were made based on these tests. We concluded that the translation and cultural adaptation of these instruments was adequate for use with the groups tested in a pilot survey of survivors of childhood cancer in Argentina.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Long-term results of laser treatment for retinal angiomatosis in von Hippel-Lindau disease.

PURPOSE: In von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL), retinal detachment is often a real threat if the retinal angiomas are left untreated. The aim of this trial was to diagnose and treat capillary angiomas early at an asymptomatic stage. METHODS: Since 1983, we have investigated patients with key lesions and those who are at risk for VHL in a multidisciplinary study. Classical retinal angiomas and microangiomas were treated with the Argon laser. Checks during a follow-up of 15 years have provided us with long-term results. RESULTS: We detected 189 retinal angiomas in 97 eyes of 69 patients (105 classical angiomas, including 19 fibrotic angiomas in 15 eyes, 84 microangiomas). During the study, 20 patients (twenty-one symptomatic eyes) entered the study already with a visual impairment. Sixty asymptomatic eyes from 49 patients with a total of 108 retinal angiomas (55 microangiomas and 53 classical angiomas) were treated by us with photocoagulation. Nineteen asymptomatic eyes with angiomas of fibrotic type were observed only. During a mean follow-up of 5.1 years (range: 0.25 - 15; SD: 3.88) observed after treatment, no deterioration of vision occurred in 37 patients treated with photocoagulation. Regular controls showed 5 relapsing angiomas and 9 new angiomas which were successfully coagulated again. New angiomas occurred in those eyes with several angiomas as a predisposition. Patients with a tendency to multiple angiomas need to be seen more frequently because these eyes have a high risk of becoming blind, even in already coagulated angiomas. CONCLUSION: Laser treatment was successful. Early ophthalmological examination of patients with retinal angiomatosis is a great challenge, since these lesions can only be successfully treated at an early stage. Treatment is then effective and safe, but long-term follow-up is necessary. New angiomas occurred in those eyes with several angiomas as a predisposition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Role of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level in the aqueous humor in the diagnosis of retinoblastoma (RB)].

In spite of the progress of the imagery in ophthalmology, the retinoblastoma remains in some particular cases, difficult to make. Moreover, the therapy sanction is often heavy. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) dosage in aqueous humor is an invasive technique conceivable when there are diagnosis problems particularly in retino-blastoma of old children and in affections simulating retino-blastoma. The purpose of this work is to lay out three observations where the LDH dosage enabled to keep the retinoblastoma diagnosis in one 8-year old child and eliminate it in two children having pseudoglioma with spontaneous evolution allowing to confirm the non-tumoral nature of the affection. Thus, the technique of LDH dosage has been reliable for the 3 cases which we have introduced. The authors compare the reliability of the different cytochemical techniques during the retinoblastoma diagnosis.

Aqueous Humor↗
PubMed1999

Sodium butyrate modulates p53 and Bcl-2 expression in human retinoblastoma cell lines.

Sodium butyrate (SB) is a potent biological modifier that can induce diverse effects including growth inhibition, differentiation, or apoptosis of many cell types including retinoblastoma (Rb), and modulation of genes such as c-fos and p53. In this study we assessed the effects of SB on cell growth and expression of p53, critical for cell cycle control, and Bcl-2, an inhibitor of apoptosis, in two human Rb cell lines (Y79 and WERI-Rb1). Attachment cultures were treated with 1 mM SB for up to 5 days and immunocytochemistry was used to examine for the expression of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), p53, and Bcl-2. Suspension cultures of both cell lines were also treated with 1 and 4 mM SB, and at selected times cell extracts were prepared and the expression of p53 and Bcl-2 proteins determined by Western blot analysis. Treatment with 1 mM SB of both cell lines for 5 days inhibited growth and induced morphological changes including extension of neurite-like processes. Up to 12 h after 1 mM SB treatment, p53 and Bcl-2 expressions were similar to control levels, then gradually decreased to very low levels at 5 days. SB (4 mM) also inhibited growth associated with cell death, which was apparent at 24 h posttreatment. Expressions of p53 and Bcl-2 were decreased below control levels at 4 h, and by 24 h only very low levels of protein were detected. SB-induced modulation of p53 and Bcl-2 expression may have implications for controlling Rb growth, particularly in combination with chemotherapy drugs, which are increasingly used in the treatment of Rb.

Butyrates↗