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PubMed1981

Quantitative studies on immunologically specific and non-specific absorption of Pseudomonas aeruginosa antibodies in serum from cystic fibrosis patients.

A quantitative determination of anti-Pseudomonas immunoglobulins was carried out by means of rocket-line immunoelectrophoresis in the serum from 19 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with chronic P. aeruginosa infection and with many precipitins against these bacteria (CF + P). from six CF patients without P. aeruginosa infection (CF-P) and from nine normal persons. On an average P. aeruginosa antigens could absorb 7.7% of IgG, 8.4% of IgA and 29% of IgM from CF + P sera, whereas no detectable IgG and IgA and only 14.6% IgM were absorbed from normal sera and only 1.2% of IgG, 3.8% of IgA, but 29% of IgM was absorbed from CF-P sera. The results show that most, if not all, of the P. aeruginosa precipitins belong to the IgG and IgA classes, but that these precipitins can account only for part of the increased levels of immunoglobulins in CF-P patients. Staphylococcus aureus containing protein A (strain Cowan 1) could absorb 95% of the precipitating antibodies against P. aeruginosa and 92% of IgG, 27% of IgA and 34% of IgM in CF-P patients. The absorption of P. aeruginosa precipitins by protein A points to a possible synergism between S. aureus and P. aeruginosa infections in the lungs of CF patients, since S. aureus may interfere with antibody-mediated immune elimination of P. aeruginosa. Such a mechanism may also facilitate infections with other microorganisms in these patients.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1972

Use of the immunodiffusion test in the serodiagnosis of aspergillosis.

The diagnostic value of an immunodiffusion (ID) test with standardized precipitinogens derived from five Aspergillus species was determined with sera from 60 proven and 12 suspected cases of aspergillosis. The data demonstrated that the greatest number of aspergillosis cases were detected by the concurrent use of A. fumigatus and A. niger precipitinogens. With these precipitinogens, the ID test permitted the serodiagnosis of aspergillosis in 82% of the 60 proven cases and in 83% of the 12 suspected cases. The presence of one or more precipitins was indicative of aspergilloma, of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, or of invasive aspergillosis. Precipitins were detected in 93% of the sera from patients with aspergilloma, in 50% of the sera from patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, and in 88% of the sera from patients with invasive aspergillosis. Although the presence of one or two precipitin bands could indicate any form of aspergillosis, the presence of three or four was strong evidence of either aspergilloma or invasive aspergillosis. The ID test was found to be 100% specific in an evaluation of its effectiveness with 65 sera from individuals with other systemic mycotic infections, bacterial or neoplastic diseases, and from apparently normal humans. In diagnosed cases of aspergillosis, the examination of serial serum specimens provided information about the clinical course of the disease. A reduction in the number of precipitin bands and significant titer changes were noted as the patients responded to therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1966

Immunoelectrophoretic studies of sera from rabbits exprimentally infected with Histoplasma capsulatum.

Adamson, David M. (University of Oklahoma, Norman), and George C. Cozad. Immunoelectrophoretic studies of sera from rabbits experimentally infected with Histoplasma capsulatum. J. Bacteriol. 92:887-891. 1966.-In a study involving 24 mature Dutch rabbits inoculated intravenously with 2.6 x 10(8)Histoplasma capsulatum yeast cells per kg of body weight, all rabbits were shown to develop precipitins by the end of the 5th week. Precipitins were demonstrated both by the micro-Ouchterlony method and microimmunoelectrophoresis with the use of concentrated histoplasmin as the antigen. The latter technique proved to be the more sensitive. The 10 x concentrate of histoplasmin gave better precipitin patterns than did the 5 x concentrate. Agglutinins were formed by 90% of the rabbits by the end of the 4th week, as shown by the capillary tube agglutination test. Three precipitin bands, arbitrarily designated A, B, and C, were demonstrated by immunoelectrophoresis with use of the sera of the test animals. Band A occurred between the 1st and 2nd weeks after inoculation and was, for a period, present in 100% of the sera of the test animals. Band A occurred separately or in conjunction with band B or B and C, and it persisted longer than these other two bands. Bands B and C appeared between the 3rd and 4th weeks and were found, by the end of the 5th week, in 35 and 15%, respectively, of the sera tested. They were never seen separately or together without the presence of band A. Band C disappeared by the end of the 6th week, and band B, by the 10th week, but band A was still present in 19% of the sera at the end of 10 weeks.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Hemagglutination antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Immunochemical characterization and concanavalin A reactivity.

The hemagglutination antigen isolated from Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain Aoyama B was characterized by immunoelectrophoresis using the International Reference System for Mycobacterial Antigens. It showed two precipitin bands, the major one being identical with antigen 1 (arabinomannan). The minor precipitin band formed a spur with antigen 2 (arabinogalactan), attesting to the presence of common determinant groups. The immunoelectrophoretic analysis of the hemagglutination antigen against concanavalin A also revealed 2 precipitin bands, the major one being identical with the single precipitin band formed between the reference antigen and concanavalin A. The 2 arabinomannans present seemed to differ in molecular weight.

Concanavalin A↗
PubMed1995

Machine operator's lung. A hypersensitivity pneumonitis disorder associated with exposure to metalworking fluid aerosols.

Six auto parts manufacturing workers were referred for evaluation of a 6-week history of work-related dyspnea, cough, and fatigue. Two workers also reported fever and weight loss. All six worked in a machining area where a waterbased metalworking fluid was used and recirculated under high pressure, thereby creating an aerosol. Chest radiographs revealed pulmonary interstitial infiltrates in four workers. Lung function tests showed that four workers had decreased diffusing capacity. After removal from the work area, all workers recovered. The metalworking fluid was cultured for bacteria and fungi. Isolates from broth cultures were sonicated to obtain antigen extracts. Serum precipitins to one or more of the microbial isolates were identified in all six workers but not in eight of nine nonexposed control subjects. The most frequent precipitin response (six of six workers) was against antigens of Pseudomonas fluorescens, which was cultured from the metalworking fluid. In all workers, precipitins to at least one other cultured organism were detected; these included Aspergillus niger, Staphylococcus capitas, an acid-fast Rhodococcus sp, and Bacillus pumilus. This represents the first report of hypersensitivity pneumonitis associated with industrial exposure to aerosolized metalworking fluid. Observed precipitin responses to a variety of microbial contaminants in metalworking fluid strongly suggest a causative role for microbial antigens in the induction and elicitation of this manifestation of hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Aspergillomas complicating sarcoidosis. A prospective study in 100 patients.

During a ten-year study period, we evaluated 100 histologically-proven sarcoid patients for the development of aspergillomas. Serum precipitins against Aspergillus antigens were used to screen all patients regardless of sarcoid stage. Twelve patients had serum precipitins and were further investigated with tomography and serial serum precipitins testing. Ten of these 12 patients had aspergillomas and two patients died of massive hemoptysis. No aspergillomas occurred in stages I, II, or non-cystic stage III patients. All ten aspergillomas developed in the 19 stage III patients with cystic parenchymal damage. We believe that aspergillomas in sarcoidosis are not as rare as previously reported, but occur commonly in chronic cystic sarcoidosis. Additionally, we found serial testing for serum precipitins to be valuable both for the screening of cystic sarcoid patients for aspergillomas and for the management of this complication.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Diseases caused by inhalation of organic dusts].

The inhalation of organic dusts can provoke in man various types of diseases, being the respiratory system the most frequently involved. A great number of organic dusts provoke, even in small amounts, in genetically pre-disposed atopic subjects, type I allergic reactions, i.e. bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, mediated by IgE reaginic antibodies. On the other hand, a small number of vegetal or animal organic dusts, may provoke type III reactions, mediated by IgG precipitinic antibodies. These reactions can be triggered by a massive and prolonged exposition, probably even in normal subjects and be localized in bronchial tree (precipitnic asthma) or in the pulmonar parenchyma (extrinsic allergic alveolitis). From 5,000 patients observed in the Allergology Unit of the Lisbon University Hospital, a group of 27 cases of extrinsic allergic alveolitis or precipitinic asthma were isolated. This group comprises 21 cases of birds breeders, 4 cases of suberosis, 1 case of yeasts lung and 1 case of seaweed threshing lung. These last two situations have not been previously described and must probably be added to other situations of extrinsic allergic alveolitis described for the first time in Portugal (Vineyard sprayer's lung, furrier's lung). The same type of clinical disease has been observed in 4 patients exposed to inorganic dusts (fuel oil and plastic). In 2 from 21 cases of bird breeder's lung, systemic symptoms without pulmonary manifestations have been observed; in the first patient a thrombocytopenic prupura experimentally reproductible by skin or inhalation tests with a platelet metabolic lesion marked by a decrease in platelet ATP, in the presence of complex of human and bird's serum. Some of these platelet disturbances can be provoked by a vascular lesion in a type III Arthus-like reaction, with intra-vascular coagulation. In another patient with positive precipitins to bird's dropplets and lung histology of the usual pattern in these situations, uveitis has been observed. This uveitis was worsened by skin tests with bird's serum. In a third typical case of birds breeder's disease with positive skin and inhalation tests and positive precipitins, an IgA monoclonal gammapathy has been observed. These patients are always as symptomatic 5 years after the diagnosis. The occurence of thrombocytopenic purpura and monoclonal gammapathy in birds breeder' have probably not been previously reported. An increase in serum immunoglobulins IgA and IgG, but not in IgM has been usually observed in the diseases provoked by inhalation of organic dusts. This pattern reverses after allergen withdrawal. It is possible that the monoclonal gammapathy was related to prolonged antigenic stimulation and proliferation of the IgA producing clone. The increase of immunoglobulins has not been so clear in the some observed cases of inhalation of inorganic dusts. Cellular type IV reactions have been however observed in these patients...

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed2004

Immunologic reactivity to work-related airborne allergens in people occupationally exposed to dust from herbs.

A group of 150 people occupationally exposed to dust from herbs were examined. The examined group consisted of 47 thyme farmers, 32 chamomile farmers, 31 sage farmers and 40 workers of herbs processing industry. As a reference group, 50 urban dwellers, not exposed to any kind of organic dust, were examined. Skin prick tests and precipitin tests were conducted with, respectively, 4 and 11 microbial antigens associated with organic dust. Both skin and precipitin tests were also conducted with herbal extracts of chamomile and sage. Precipitin tests were carried out with sera not concentrated and sera 3-fold concentrated. Tests for inhibition of leukocyte migration (MIF) were also conducted with 4 microbial antigens. People occupationally exposed to dust from herbs showed a higher frequency of positive skin reactions to microbial antigens compared to the reference group. The results of precipitin test also revealed greater reactivity to the environmental microbial antigens in the examined group, compared to the reference group. The highest frequency of positive results was noted with the antigen of Pantoea agglomerans (30.6 % with sera not concentrated and 48.3 % with sera 3-fold concentrated) - the difference compared to the reference group (12.0 %) was highly significant (p < 0.01). The frequencies of positive results of MIF test in the examined group were high with all antigens tested: Arthrobacter globiformis (12.6 %), Pantoea agglomerans (11.1 %), Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula (17.0 %), Aspergillus fumigatus (13.3 %), and, compared to the reference group with no positive result for any antigen, all the differences were significant (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the frequency of positive allergological reactions to airborne microorganisms was high in people occupationally exposed to dust from herbs and suggests a potential role of microbial allergens in the pathogenesis of work-related health disorders among herb workers. The risk of sensitization seems to be greatest among thyme farmers, who showed the highest positive response. The results confirmed the particular allergenic importance of Gram-negative bacterium Pantoea agglomerans.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Diagnostic value of the protein antigens of Br. abortus and Yersinia enterocolitica type 9].

Protein antigens were obtained from Br. abortus 99 and Yersinia enterocolitica, type 9, and were titered on guinea-pigs infected with a living culture from these microbes. It was proved that the guinea-pigs infected with Yersinia reacted with a skin-allergic reaction only to an antigen obtained from Yersinia and not from Brucella. Conversely, the animals infected with Br. abortus B-19 reacted during skin treatment only to an allergen from Brucella, but not with an allergen from Yersinia. In a rabbit anti-yersinia serum were proved precipitins through the immunodiffusion test against the protein allergen from Yersinia, whereas no Brucella precipitins were detected with a protein allergen. In anti-Brucella rabbit serum (Brucella amboceptor or agglutinative serum, no precipitins were proved with Brucella and Yersinia protein allergens. In a hiperimmune rabbit serum against Brucella and Yersinia were proved precipitins against a polysaccharide both from Yersinia and Brucella. It was adopted that protein antigens in the case of Brucella and Yersinia were specific and that specificity could be used for differentiation of these two infections.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pseudomonas aeruginosa antibodies in patients with cystic fibrosis: clinical implications].

Patients chronically colonised by P. aeruginosa develop a pronounced antibody response against P. aeruginosa that can be used to discriminate between superficial colonization and chronic infection. Anti-P. aeruginosa antibodies fail to afford protection against this pathogen; moreover high levels of antibodies are correlated with a poor prognosis. We investigated the significance of anti-P. aeruginosa antibodies (precipitins) by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) in 94 patients attending the Cystic Fibrosis Center of Florence. The highest numbers of precipitins were found in serum from patients chronically colonized in comparison to those patients who were transiently or not colonized. A negative correlation was found between the number of precipitin peaks and clinical conditions, evaluated with Schwachman score, and the number of precipitins and pulmonary functions. In summary, anti-P. aeruginosa antibodies fail to protect against P. aeruginosa bronchopulmonary infections, and are correlated to a more severe disease. Based on our experience, P. aeruginosa antibodies can be considered a reliable index of lung damage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

A distinctive autoantibody profile in black female patients with lupus nephritis.

OBJECTIVE: Lupus nephritis has often been associated with anti-DNA, but, based on the findings in eluate studies, it appears that other antigen-antibody reactions, such as those involving anti-Ro/SS-A, anti-nuclear RNP (anti-nRNP), and/or anti-Sm, may also contribute to the pathogenesis of nephritis. In the present investigation, we identified and further studied a distinctive precipitin profile present in black women with nephritis. METHODS: Longitudinal clinical and serologic studies of a cohort of university-based systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients (n = 120) were carried out over an 8-year period. RESULTS: A subset of 20 black female patients was identified, of whom 8 had lupus nephritis (group I) and 12 did not (group II). Group I was characterized by a distinct precipitin profile consisting of anti-Ro/SS-A, anti-SM, and anti-nRNP, but no anti-La/SS-B. SLE disease duration at presentation was significantly shorter in group I than in group II (mean 1.94 years versus 5.21 years; P = 0.02). The distinctive precipitin profile of anti-Ro/SS-A, anti-Sm, and anti-nRNP occurred exclusively in group I patients (6 of 8, versus 0 of 12 in group II; P < 0.001). In white lupus nephritis patients, this precipitin profile was not seen. CONCLUSION: While the mechanism responsible for the relationship of this distinctive serologic profile to the development of nephritis in black female lupus patients remains to be determined, its presence may be used as a marker for severe and progressive renal disease.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1996

Nonprecipitating anti-La(SS-B) autoantibodies in primary Sjögren's syndrome.

Anti-La(SS-B) precipitin-negative sera show a restricted epitope recognition and can be easily overlooked in routine laboratory testing. We have therefore determined the prevalence of nonprecipitating anti-La(SS-B) antibodies in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome and studied their clinical and immunological associations. Clinical details were obtained from 68 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome, and serum samples were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using purified recombinant La, 60-kDa Ro, and 52-kDa Ro proteins and by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. Thirteen patients (19%) were identified with anti-La antibodies which were nonprecipitating. These patients had similar clinical findings to other groups of patients with Sjogren's syndrome, but had significantly lower rheumatoid factor and serum IgG levels than patients with anti-La precipitins. None of the patients with nonprecipitating anti-La antibodies had previously contained anti-La precipitins in their sera. Furthermore, they tended to have lower levels of antibodies directed against denatured 60-kDa Ro (but not 52-kDa Ro) compared with anti-La precipitin-positive patients. Patients with Sjögren's syndrome associated with nonprecipitating anti-La antibodies represent a stable serological and clinical subset in which there appears to be limited diversification of the autoimmune response to the Ro60 and La proteins of the Ro/La ribonucleoprotein.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
PubMed1984

Immunologic characterization of human seminal leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and its medicolegal use.

A new method for identification of seminal stains is described, based on the immunologic demonstration of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), which is extremely abundant in human semen and specific for the prostate as well as semen. An antiserum against human seminal plasma was obtained by repeated immunization of rabbits with seminal plasma and Freund's adjuvant. Ouchterlony's double immunodiffusion test and Culliford's precipitin electrophoresis were performed to demonstrate specific proteins of seminal plasma. LAP activity was visualized with L-leucyl-beta-naphthylamide as substrate and with Fast Garnet GBC as coupler. The immunologic analysis of LAP produced two precipitin lines with enzyme activity. One was observed in kidney, jejunum, pancreas, prostate, as well as in semen, and was completely absorbed with kidney homogenates. The other was found only in semen and the prostate and was not absorbed with kidney homogenates. When the anti-seminal plasma serum absorbed with the kidney was used, the semen-specific LAP could be demonstrated by precipitin electrophoresis only in seminal stains stored for up to 2 months, whereas it was not demonstrated in stains from other human body fluids. By means of precipitin electrophoresis the detection of the semen-specific LAP was possible at semen dilutions of up to 1:32. The method described here greatly enhances the value of semen identification and is quite recommendable for the examination of stains in medico-legal practice.

Body Fluids↗
PubMed1998

IgG subclass responses to pigeon intestinal mucin are related to development of pigeon fanciers' lung.

BACKGROUND: Pigeon fanciers' lung (PFL) is a form of extrinsic allergic alveolitis. Affected individuals produce antibodies to various pigeon antigens, and the resulting immune complexes are thought to initiate the disease. However, high antibody titres also occur in some asymptomatic individuals. Previously attention has focused on protein antigens, but we have recently identified pigeon intestinal mucin as a novel antigen in PFL. OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between IgG subclass antibodies to pigeon intestinal mucin and the development of pigeon fanciers' lung. METHODS: Sera were collected from 250 pigeon fanciers, who also completed a clinical questionnaire. Sera were screened for precipitating antibodies to pigeon serum and droppings. Individuals with symptoms and precipitating antibodies were considered to have classical PFL. Serum IgG and IgG subclass antibodies to pigeon intestinal mucin and pigeon serum proteins were investigated by quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Very high titres of IgG antibodies against pigeon mucin were found in all precipitin-positive individuals. A strong positive correlation was seen between titres of antibodies to mucin and to serum proteins, but this was not due to crossreactivity. No significant differences in IgG titres to either mucin or pigeon serum proteins were found between individuals with PFL and asymptomatic precipitin positive fanciers. IgG1 and IgG2 were the major subclasses of anti-mucin, with lower titres of IgG3. Patients with PFL had significantly higher titres of IgG1 to mucin than asymptomatic, precipitin-positive individuals. In contrast, no significant differences were seen between PFL and asymptomatic precipitin-positive sera with respect to the subclass titres against pigeon serum proteins. CONCLUSION: The high titres of anti-mucin IgG in sera of all individuals with PFL, together with the finding that high IgG1 titres to mucin are associated with the development of disease confirm pigeon intestinal mucin as an important antigen in PFL.

Adult↗
PubMed1957

Studies on the capacity of some polysaccharides to elicit antibody formation in man.

Purified levan is antigenic in man and subcutaneous injection of 1 mg. leads to the production of precipitins and skin sensitivity. Apple amylopectin, maize glycogen, and synthetic polyglucose did not stimulate antibody production in small numbers of individuals injected. Quantitative precipitin studies carried out with several levan preparations employing human antilevan show variations in immunochemical behavior indicating structural differences among levans. Evidence that precipitins formed in response to levan injection are antilevan antibodies was obtained by analysis of specific precipitates formed in the region of antibody excess for ketosugar. Injection of levan giving rise to production of antilevan failed in one individual to give a non-specific anamnestic rise in either antidextran or antiblood group A precipitins. Laminarin, a neutral polysaccharide, was found to give precipitation with normal human sera.

Antibodies↗
PubMed2006

An outbreak of extrinsic alveolitis at a car engine plant.

BACKGROUND: Twelve workers from a car engine-manufacturing plant presented with extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA), with heterogeneous clinical, radiological and pathological findings. They were exposed to metalworking fluids (MWF) that cooled, lubricated and cleaned the machines. METHODS: They were characterized by history, examination, lung function testing, radiology, bronchoscopic lavage, lung biopsy and serology. Sera were tested for precipitins to a crude extract of used MWF and to reference cultures of bacteria suspected to be implicated. RESULTS: All were males and none were current smokers. All had dyspnoea, many had weight loss and cough, but only half had influenza-like symptoms. Only half had auscultatory crackles. Five had peak flow variability, four with an occupational component. There was overall restrictive spirometry, decreased lung volumes and reduced gas transfers. Ten had radiological evidence of interstitial lung disease. Seven (of eight) had lymphocytosis on bronchial lavage, including the two with inconclusive radiology. Seven (of 11) had lung biopsies showing inflammatory infiltrates, two with fibrosis and one with granulomas. Three (of 11) had strong positive precipitins to an extract of the used MWF from the plant. Molecular biological analysis of the MWF revealed Acinetobacter and Ochrobactrum. Precipitins to Acinetobacter were detected in seven of 11 workers tested (and four of 11 control workers). Precipitins to Ochrobactrum were detected in three of 11 workers tested (and three of 11 control workers). CONCLUSION: This is the largest series reported in Europe of EAA due to an aerosol of microbiologically contaminated MWF in heavy manufacturing industry.

Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic↗
PubMed1983

Allergy to inhaled egg material.

The use of a spray system to coat meat rolls with egg solution resulted in the development of asthmatic type symptoms in eight of thirteen workers exposed to the spray. Symptoms were severe in five workers, less severe in two, and one worker experienced vague symptoms. Even though precipitins were present in nine of the workers there were no pyrexial episodes nor influenza-like symptoms occurring some hours after inhaling the egg material to suggest extrinsic allergic alveolitis. All sera with precipitins reacted against an antigen in egg yolk, two sera only to this antigen but no precipitins to ovalbumin were detected. Lung function, X-ray and haematology provided no evidence that the inhalation of egg had lasting detrimental effects. There was no correlation between clinical response, skin testing, IgE levels and precipitins, hence, for each individual none of these parameters is predictive. However, collectively the results show sensitization and this has been confirmed by lack of symptoms when a different method of coating the pastry was adopted.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Normally-occurring precipitating antibodies against Staphylococcus aureus in human serum and colostrum.

Crossed immunoelectrophoresis was used to study precipitating antibodies against Staphylococcus aureus in sera from 263 normal persons and in 10 colostrum samples. A polyspecific protein-A free S. aureus antigen preparation and a corresponding rabbit antiserum constituted the reference system. All the sera contained precipitins against 6-10 S. aureus antigens. One of these was teichoic acid, and the titre of antibodies against cell wall teichoic acid varied from person to person, in contrast to other commonly occurring antibodies. The precipitin score, which expresses the number and titre of precipitins in each serum, increased with age. Colostrum contained 3 precipitins, which were not present in the corresponding maternal sera.

Adolescent↗