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Molar size sequence in the great apes: gorilla, orangutan, and chimpanzee.

In ape dentitions the common molar size sequence is assumed to be MC greater than M2 greater than M1. This sequence is held in contrast to the assumed human sequence, M1 greater than M2 greater than M3. Using mesiodistal, buccolingual, and cross-sectional area dimensions, this study indicates that the molar size progression in all three great ape species varies extensively from the assumed sequence.

Animals↗

Sizes of deciduous teeth in 45,X females.

Deciduous teeth of eleven Finnish 45,X females were examined, and their tooth sizes were found to be smaller than those of control females. This finding might be explained by the decreased amount of the products of the growth-promoting factors located in the X and Y chromosomes.

Child↗

Molar size sequence in American Blacks.

The purpose of this study is to present the data on molar size sequence (MSS) in American Blacks. The results are compared with other studies on American Whites. It is evident from the findings that reasonably high percentage of M2 greater than M1 (where second molars are larger mesiodistally than first molars) exists in both the groups. This suggests that the M2 greater than M1 molar sequence should not be considered as a primitive characteristic, since a high percentage of this sequence is seen in the modern population. The percentage of incidences of M2 greater than M1 in the maxillary arch seems to be significantly higher in American Whites, in both the sexes and as a total group, that in American Blacks. In the case of the mandibular arch, the percentage is significantly higher in American Blacks.

Black People↗

Adjacency effects in developmental correlations among tooth organs in human fetuses.

This study explores whether the "distance gradient" model shown for embryonic development and postnatal tooth growth is also characteristic of the fetal period. Histologic data and ratings from 26 human fetuses show that, unlike the embryonic and postnatal periods, changes occurring in two tooth germs are significantly alike, regardless of the number of intervening teeth.

Fetus↗

The influence of premature extractions of primary molars on the ultimate root length of their permanent successors.

Final root length of lower premolars which succeed prematurely--extracted primary molars is shortened. The proposed explanation focuses on a possible accelerated movement of the permanent tooth bud and undue environmental stress following the premature extraction of its deciduous predecessor. The degree of shortening is different in both sexes and depends on the age at which the premature extraction is performed. Girls are more affected than boys, especially in cases in which the premature extractions are performed before the age of eight yr.

Age Factors↗

Cemental annulation as an age criterion in forensic dentistry.

Intact teeth were obtained from three cadavers of known age 56, 67, and 76 years, respectively. Cross-sections 100-150 micrometers thick were taken from the roots using a diamond saw. Individual sections were stained, mounted on glass slides, and photographed on a light microscope. The usual number of years for the eruption of any particular tooth were added to the annulation count to determine the estimated age for that cadaver.

Age Determination by Teeth↗

Tooth wear rates among contemporary Australian Aborigines.

Most reports of Aboriginal tooth wear have been descriptive, and few have dealt with the question of wear rate. This study records cusp heights of dental casts taken from individuals during a growth study of Aboriginal children from ages six to 18. Their rates of wear were greater than those of Europeans, and the most rapid rate was recorded among Aboriginal males. These differences are due to the quantity of dietary abrasives.

Adolescent↗