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Results for “Moral Development”

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Homespun sanity.

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Adolescent↗

Nature/nurture: reflections on approaches to the study of homosexuality.

There is understandable apprehension by many people towards claims that biology plays a significant role in the etiology of homosexuality. These worries should not be allowed to deter any such work on sexual orientation. It is argued that the only proper way to evaluate biological analyses is against the full background of Darwinian evolutionary theory. Moral issues pertaining to biological research on homosexuality are addressed. Finally, it is urged that both biological and environmental factors be considered in rendering a true picture of homosexuality.

Gender Identity↗

[Value testing in psychoanalysis--reflections on an ego psychologic concept coined by Heinz Hartmann].

We have attempted to demonstrate the importance of the concept of value testing set forth by Hartmann in 1960 in terms of both clinical practice and the theory of psychoanalysis. We use a case study to illustrate the way in which this subfunction of the inner reality testing ties in with the subfunction of signal guilt (the function of affect differentiation as one of the subfunctions of the perception of internal reality) and with the anticipation of the interpersonal effect of one's own behavior and the appropriateness of this behavior as subfunctions of judgment. In conclusion we discuss the suitability of the concept of value testing as a way of relating the psychoanalytic idea of the moral organization of action to the ethics of utilitarianism.

Ego↗

Values: part I.

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Attitude↗

Promoting postconventional morality: the adequacy of Kohlberg's aim.

Lawrence Kohlberg has advocated the implementation of programs in the public schools designed to raise the general level of moral reasoning. His contention is that the attainment of Postconventional moral reasoning is associated with optimal personal and social adjustment. Growing concern about the violence and disintegration of American society has led to public and private support for such programs. Because intervention into the moral education of children in a democratic society raises serious social/political questions, it seems appropriate to consider the relevance of the Kohlberg hypothesis. In this paper, the twin issues of philosophic adequacy and empirical evidence are examined. In neither respect does the cognitive-developmentalist position find the support essential to a recommendation for its use.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

Prosocial behavior and caring in adolescence: relations to self-understanding and social judgment.

The relation of self-understanding and moral judgment to dedicated prosocial behavior is investigated. Participants were African-American and Latin-American adolescents who had been nominated by community leaders for having demonstrated unusual commitments to care for others or the community (care exemplars). The care exemplars, and matched comparison adolescents, were extensively interviewed over the course of 4-6 sessions in order to elicit self-understanding, moral judgment, and implicit personality theories. The care exemplars were more likely than the comparison adolescents to: (1) describe themselves in terms of moral personality traits and goals, (2) view themselves as having closer continuity to their pasts and futures, (3) think of themselves as incorporating their ideals and parental images, and (4) articulate theories of self in which personal beliefs and philosophies are important. There were no differences between the care exemplars and the comparison adolescents in developmental stages of moral judgment nor in the abstractness of their implicit personality theories.

Adolescent↗

The role of socioeconomic status in adolescent literature.

This article attempts to establish that socioeconomic status (SES) plays an important role in the lives of adolescents and is reflected in adolescent literature. The emphasis on SES in four adolescent novels: The Outsiders by S.E. Hinton, To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger, and The Pigman by Paul Zindel suggests that both the authors and their young readers are aware of its influence in today's society. Three areas which are greatly affected by SES are examined: adolescents' self-esteem, how it affects characterization and subsequently the degree to which adolescents identify with a literary character, and how it functions as a learning device, enabling authors to infuse their own moral values into the minds of their audiences.

Adolescent↗