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PubMed1994

Integrating voice, data, and paging technologies to enhance information services.

The University of California at San Francisco Medical Center has made a commitment to upgrade its information and telecommunications systems infrastructure. One of the several projects being undertaken by the Medical Center, the Intelligent Console Project, demonstrates how integrating different systems, databases and technologies can improve the quality and accessibility of information, while reducing costs and stream-lining administrative activities. The Intelligent Console acts as an interface mechanism for the several constituent systems and data-bases of the Medical Center and provides a single, front-end control console by which operators can support communications using standardized procedures. Much paperwork has been eliminated and operator training and scheduling streamlined. Equipment consolidation has also freed up space at the Medical Center.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed2004

[A system for testing alternating frequency properties of body fluid and tissues].

The electric properties of biotic tissues are of importance to our understanding biotic substances even life. But the measurement taken in this aspect is different from the measurement of ordinary materials, we need a special testing instrument for living substances. In order to understand the alternating frequency properties of body fluid and tissues in detail, we have developed an electricity characteristic testing system, which is more proper for testing living substances. This system adopts advanced measuring method and expert circuit. As the measure and the control core, the single chip processor is used. This system has wide frequency range and wide impedance testing range, much more adapted objects, and it is dependable, more precise and intelligent. The application of this system in practical testing has obtained optimal results.

Body Composition↗
PubMed2004

Formalization of mouse embryo anatomy.

MOTIVATION: The Edinburgh Mouse Atlas and Gene Expression Database project has developed a digital atlas of mouse development to provide a spatio-temporal framework for spatially mapped data such as in situ gene expression and cell lineage. As part of this database, a mouse embryo anatomy ontology has been created. A formalization of this anatomy is required to document its precise semantics and how it is used in the context of the Mouse Atlas. RESULTS: The paper describes the existing anatomy ontology and formalizes aspects of it using a predicate logic based approach. It therefore provides a guide for users of the current version of the ontology, as well as the basis for a description of the anatomy using an ontology language, such as OWL, thus enabling future work on reasoning about the Mouse Atlas in the context of an intelligent gene expression bioinformatics workflow system. The logic has been implemented in a Prolog prototype. AVAILABILITY: The Mouse Atlas is available on-line at http://genex.hgu.mrc.ac.uk

Algorithms↗
PubMed1997

Evaluation of noise reduction systems for cochlear implant users in different acoustic environment.

Evaluation of two different noise reduction algorithms for speech intelligibility enhancement in cochlear implant (CI) users is described in this report. The algorithms accomplish sophisticated interchannel processing of the noisy speech signals, picked up with two microphones, to form an improved monaural output signal, which is directly fed into the auxiliary input of the CI speech processor. Speech intelligibility tests were carried out in different realistic everyday life listening conditions to provide general and expressive performance assessment. Extensive tests in four CI users showed considerable speech intelligibility improvement using these noise reduction systems in adverse everyday life listening conditions.

Acoustics↗
PubMed1996

A new method of STR interpretation using inferential logic--development of a criminal intelligence database.

A short tandem repeat (STR) system consisting of seven multiplexed loci has recently been introduced in the UK to support a National strategy to create large DNA databases for criminal intelligence purposes. The process uses automated sequencers, employing dye-labelled primers. Identification of tetrameric loci such as HUMTH01 are straightforward. Sizing windows are estimated by running a series of control allelic ladders on several gels and 'unknown' samples are designated if they fall within a defined window. However, utilisation of complex STRs (eg. D21S11) characteristically have common variants which differ by just 2 bp. In addition, rare alleles are encountered which may differ by just 1 bp from a common variant. To assist with the identification of alleles, we have introduced a series of allelic ladders, so that direct comparisons with 'unknown' samples can be made on the same gel. To designate an allele, it should be within 0.5 bp of an allelic ladder marker. Not all alleles (in particular rare alleles) can be included within an allelic ladder, however their expected positions can be easily calculated by reference to existing alleles in the ladder. Measurement of band shift is also a useful diagnostic tool. A series of guidelines are described to enable reliable allelic identification. These guidelines can be converted into computer programmes which form the basis of an expert system.

Alleles↗
PubMed2004

Fuzzy differential inclusions in atmospheric and medical cybernetics.

Uncertainty management in dynamical systems is receiving attention in artificial intelligence, particularly in the fields of qualitative and model based reasoning. Fuzzy dynamical systems occupy a very important position in the class of uncertain systems. It is well established that the fuzzy dynamical systems represented by a set of fuzzy differential inclusions (FDI) are very convenient tools for modeling and simulation of various uncertain systems. In this paper, we discuss about the mathematical modeling of two very complex natural phenomena by means of FDIs. One of them belongs to the atmospheric cybernetics (the term has been used in a broad sense) of the genesis of a cyclonic storm (cyclogenesis), and the other belongs to the bio-medical cybernetics of the evolution of tumor in a human body. Since a discussion of the former already appears in a previous paper by the first author, here, we present very briefly a theoretical formalism of cyclone formation. On the other hand, we treat the latter system more elaborately. We solve the FDIs with the help of an algorithm developed in this paper to numerically simulate the mathematical models. From the simulation results thus obtained, we have drawn a number of interesting conclusions, which have been verified, and this vindicates the validity of our models.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1993

Structured data collection and knowledge-based user guidance for abdominal ultrasound reporting.

This paper describes a system for structured data collection and report generation in abdominal ultrasonography. The system is based on a controlled vocabulary and hierarchies of concepts; it uses a graphical user interface. More than 17,000 reports have been generated by 43 physicians using this system, which is integrated into a departmental information system. Evaluations have shown that it is a well accepted tool for the fast generation of reports of comparatively high quality. The functionality is enhanced by two additional components: a hybrid knowledge-based module for "intelligent" user guidance and an interactive tutoring system to illustrate the terminology.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2006

Road extraction from aerial images using a region competition algorithm.

In this paper, we present a user-guided method based on the region competition algorithm to extract roads, and therefore we also provide some clues concerning the placement of the points required by the algorithm. The initial points are analyzed in order to find out whether it is necessary to add more initial points, and this process will be based on image information. Not only is the algorithm able to obtain the road centerline, but it also recovers the road sides. An initial simple model is deformed by using region growing techniques to obtain a rough road approximation. This model will be refined by region competition. The result of this approach is that it delivers the simplest output vector information, fully recovering the road details as they are on the image, without performing any kind of symbolization. Therefore, we tried to refine a general road model by using a reliable method to detect transitions between regions. This method is proposed in order to obtain information for feeding large-scale Geographic Information System.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1998

TACHY: an expert system for the management of supraventricular tachycardia in the elderly.

PURPOSE: Many physicians find the management of supraventricular tachyarrhythmia (SVT) in the elderly complex and challenging. With the use of artificial intelligence theory, we developed an interactive computer expert system, TACHY, to recommend therapies and warn physicians of potential therapeutic side effects. METHODS: We developed a knowledge base that stores guidelines for the management of SVT in the elderly. After the diagnosis of current SVT was input into the computer, TACHY generated a list of therapeutic options as hypotheses. TACHY then prompted the user to provide current patient-specific clinical information, and the optimal therapeutic option was then selected. Potential therapeutic side effects were also displayed. TACHY was tested in a retrospective and a prospective study. The retrospective study, comprising 96 patients with 126 episodes of SVT, was performed to determine the concordance of therapy between TACHY and cardiologists. A prospective study in 18 patients with 26 episodes of SVT was also performed to validate TACHY's recommendations in restoring sinus rhythm. RESULTS: In the retrospective study the concordance between TACHY and the cardiologist's first therapeutic option was 95.9% (121 of 126 episodes). In the prospective study sinus rhythm was restored in 18 (69%) of 26 episodes of SVT by the first therapeutic option recommended by TACHY. In the remaining eight episodes use of the second or third suggestion of TACHY was successful in controlling the ventricular response to SVT. No adverse reaction to the therapeutic options suggested by TACHY occurred. CONCLUSION: TACHY, a knowledge-based computer expert system that simulates human decision making, produced promising results in the management of SVT in the elderly.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Knowledge-based systems, artificial neural networks and pattern recognition: applications to biotechnological processes.

Recent years have witnessed the increasing application of artificial intelligence techniques, specifically, knowledge-based systems, artificial neural networks, and pattern recognition, to biotechnological processes. Although progress has been made in simple control applications, more work is needed to establish the advantages of these techniques for industrial process control, for diagnosis/monitoring, and to upgrade the information content of historical data.

Biotechnology↗
PubMed2006

Concept representation in health informatics for enabling intelligent architectures.

Semantically interoperable health information systems have to be based on shared knowledge and harmonised terminologies/ontologies. Therefore, knowledge representation regarding domain concepts, terms, and relationships used must be harmonised. Starting with the Generic Component Model, different approaches for representing concepts in the healthcare area are discussed, demonstrating common principles and transformation ways.

Concept Formation↗
PubMed1983

AI/RHEUM. A consultant system for rheumatology.

A knowledge-based computer consultant system in the medical specialty area of rheumatology is described. The system, called AI/RHEUM, uses artificial intelligence techniques to provide nonrheumatologist physicians with diagnostic assistance in this specialty area. AI/RHEUM contains in a structured knowledge base formal criteria for 26 rheumatologic diseases. The system has been retrospectively tested against 384 clinical cases, with an overall correct diagnostic performance of 94%.

Computers↗
PubMed1994

Automated sequencing of amino acid spin systems in proteins using multidimensional HCC(CO)NH-TOCSY spectroscopy and constraint propagation methods from artificial intelligence.

We have developed an automated approach for determining the sequential order of amino acid spin systems in small proteins. A key step in this procedure is the analysis of multidimensional HCC(CO)NH-TOCSY spectra that provide connections from the aliphatic resonances of residue i to the amide resonances of residue i + 1. These data, combined with information about the amino acid spin systems, provide sufficient constraints to assign most proton and nitrogen resonances of small proteins. Constraint propagation methods progressively narrow the set of possible assignments of amino acid spin systems to sequence-specific positions in the process of NMR data analysis. The constraint satisfaction paradigm provides a framework in which the necessary constraint-based reasoning can be expressed, while an object-oriented representation structures and facilitates the extensive list processing and indexing involved in matching. A prototype expert system, AUTOASSIGN, provides correct and nearly complete resonance assignments with one real and 31 simulated 3D NMR data sets for a 72-amino acid domain, derived from the Protein A of Staphylococcus aureus, and with 31 simulated NMR data sets for the 50-amino acid human type-alpha transforming growth factor.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

KBSIM: a system for interactive knowledge-based simulation.

The KBSIM system integrates quantitative simulation with symbolic reasoning techniques, under the control of a user interface management system, using a relational database management system for data storage and interprocess communication. The system stores and processes knowledge from three distinct knowledge domains, viz. (i) knowledge about the processes of the system under investigation, expressed in terms of a Continuous System Simulation Language (CSSL); (ii) heuristic knowledge on how to reach the goals of the simulation experiment, expressed in terms of a Rule Description Language (RDL); and (iii) knowledge about the requirements of the intended users, expressed in terms of a User Interface Description Language (UIDL). The user works in an interactive environment controlling the simulation course with use of a mouse and a large screen containing a set of 'live' charts and forms. The user is assisted by an embedded 'expert system' module continuously watching both the system's behavior and the user's action, and producing alerts, alarms, comments and advice. The system was developed on a Hewlett-Packard 9000/350 workstation under the HP-Unix and HP-Windows operating systems, using the MIMER database management system, and Fortran, Prolog/Lisp and C as implementation languages. The KBSIM system has great potentials for supporting problem solving, design of working procedures and teaching related to management of highly dynamic systems.

Artificial Intelligence↗