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PubMed2002

Efficient classical simulation of continuous variable quantum information processes.

We obtain sufficient conditions for the efficient simulation of a continuous variable quantum algorithm or process on a classical computer. The resulting theorem is an extension of the Gottesman-Knill theorem to continuous variable quantum information. For a collection of harmonic oscillators, any quantum process that begins with unentangled Gaussian states, performs only transformations generated by Hamiltonians that are quadratic in the canonical operators, and involves only measurements of canonical operators (including finite losses) and suitable operations conditioned on these measurements can be simulated efficiently on a classical computer.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

Quality assurance and medical information processing.

Quality assurance of medical care is a process designed to improve quality of health care delivery by eliminating deficiencies. Since every quality assurance process starts with the assessment of quality and the recognition of deficiencies, quality assurance is in the first place a problem of information: if one does not know the inadequacy of the own care, one has no idea that it should be improved. Therefore, appropriate quality indicators differentiating between good and bad medical care and functioning information systems with or without computers are basic prerequisites for the assurance of quality. Additionally, external comparisons of the hospital's own data with the data of other hospitals stimulate the efforts of quality assurance committees. Computer based hospital information systems may be valuable tools to support quality assurance processes. However, further research and development of quality monitoring systems, practicable medical and economical quality indicators, and decision supporting techniques will be necessary to meet all requests of the quality assurance professionals.

Health Services Research↗
PubMed1989

Laminar analysis of motion information processing in macaque V5.

Although it has been repeatedly shown that properties of striate cells depend on laminar position, no information is available about the vertical organization of primate extrastriate cortex. Laminar analysis in the part of macaque V5 (the middle temporal visual area) devoted to the central 10 degrees in the visual field, reveals that interaction between a moving bar and a moving texture differs systematically between layers. We found that cells for which the direction selectivity does not depend on texture motion occur mainly in layer 4 and in the infragranular layers. Cells with only pseudomodulation of direction selectivity were found throughout the cortical depth. Cells for which direction selectivity was abolished when both patterns moved inphase occur outside layer 4 and therefore represent a higher processing stage. These 3 types differ not only in laminar position but also in velocity selectivity and in strength of texture response. These findings suggest that the 3 classes represent distinct physiological types of neurons dedicated to different stages of motion processing which takes place in V5, and suggest that these cells may play different roles in the guidance of eye movements.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Individual differences in spatial and identity information processing in iconic memory.

The literature on iconic memory has provided conflicting evidence on the rate of loss of spatial location and identity information from iconic storage in non-retarded individuals. Some studies which have used the partial report technique indicate that information on spatial location is lost more rapidly than information on identity, while others indicate no difference in the rate of loss for the two types of information. The present investigation was a replication and extension of previous studies to help resolve the discrepancies in findings and to provide a more refined definition of what is meant by information on spatial location and identity. Correlations indicate that there may be two distinct subgroups among the borderline to mild mentally retarded population in terms of their iconic processing abilities.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The mechanism for stochastic resonance enhancement of mammalian auditory information processing.

BACKGROUND: In a mammalian auditory system, when intrinsic noise is added to a subthreshold signal, not only can the resulting noisy signal be detected, but also the information carried by the signal can be completely recovered. Such a phenomenon is called stochastic resonance (SR). Current analysis of SR commonly employs the energies of the subthreshold signal and intrinsic noise. However, it is difficult to explain SR when the energy addition of the signal and noise is not enough to lift the subthreshold signal over the threshold. Therefore, information modulation has been hypothesized to play a role in some forms of SR in sensory systems. Information modulation, however, seems an unlikely mechanism for mammalian audition, since it requires significant a priori knowledge of the characteristics of the signal. RESULTS: We propose that the analysis of SR cannot rely solely on the energies of a subthreshold signal and intrinsic noise or on information modulation. We note that a mammalian auditory system expends energy in the processing of a noisy signal. A part of the expended energy may therefore deposit into the recovered signal, lifting it over threshold. We propose a model that in a rigorous mathematical manner expresses this new theoretical viewpoint on SR in the mammalian auditory system and provide a physiological rationale for the model. CONCLUSION: Our result indicates that the mammalian auditory system may be more active than previously described in the literature. As previously recognized, when intrinsic noise is used to generate a noisy signal, the energy carried by the noise is added to the original subthreshold signal. Furthermore, our model predicts that the system itself should deposit additional energy into the recovered signal. The additional energy is used in the processing of the noisy signal to recover the original subthreshold signal.

Algorithms↗