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PubMedDate not supplied

[Homicide with special reference to alcoholic intoxication and relation to time of day].

112 cases of homicide (around 4%) are presented from material of approximately 3000 psychiatric expert-opinions for criminal proceedings. The data of 107 committers were usable and could be evaluated statistically. 63% of the homicides were executed, 37% were attempted. 14% of the committers were considered to be psychopaths. The circumstances surrounding the crimes were further subdivided in imitation of Rasch and especially tested for daytime linkage. 53% of the males but only a very small percentage of the female committers were alcoholized. Neither alcoholization nor personality had influence upon the success of the crime. For most of the psychotic committers the attempt failed to succeed. There was a tendency that some of the assaults were performed during night-time. This was more pronounced in alcoholized than in sober committers. No linkage to the night hours could be found neither for criminal actions of psychotics or child murder, nor for murder or robbery. In conclusion we assume that certain forms of human aggression underlie a diurnal rhythm.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The demand for fertility control in sub-Saharan Africa.

Recent fertility surveys in Africa reveal that a striking majority of women want more children, even among those who practice modern contraception, and that modern contraceptive prevalence is still low for women most motivated to avert pregnancy. This analysis suggests that whereas there is, as yet, little indication of change in conditions anticipated to shift the underlying demand for children, uncertainties attached to successful childraising due to risks of infertility, failure to thrive, disability, and divorce strongly favor traditional forms of fertility regulation. The two major means of fertility regulation in Africa--avoidance of next pregnancy in reference to the last born child's survival and rearrangement of the timing and tempo of childrearing through fostering--are not equivalent to modern contraception in purpose or practice. Against these general observations, particular demand for fertility control is identified for groups of women who demonstrate interest in nontraditional forms of fertility regulation at specific lifecycle points. A range of focused family planning activities is proposed to address this demand.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1985

Infant mortality in the Saniyo-Hiyowe population, Ambunti District, East Sepik Province.

In this small East Sepik population, the infant death rate is extremely high, about 400 per 1000. It has remained at least as high in the generation after contact in the early 1960s as in the generation born prior to first contact with government and missionaries, despite many other kinds of social and economic change. Simple aid post treatment available year round and twice yearly immunization patrols remain a pressing need for small, peripheral populations like this one who are still without these services.

Birth Intervals↗
PubMed1986

Risk factors for traumatic infant death in Oregon, 1973 to 1982.

A retrospective study of risk factors for traumatic infant deaths in Oregon occurring from 1973 through 1982 was performed using vital records and medical examiner records. A total of 146 such deaths occurred during this period. Relative risks were calculated for various risk factors in the study group compared with all Oregon births. Factors found to be significantly associated with all traumatic deaths were low maternal age, out-of-hospital birth, unwed mother, late or no prenatal care, low birth weight, and low maternal education. Race, sex, and birth order were not associated with traumatic infant death. The traumatic deaths were grouped into homicides and accidents. The same risk factor associations, with the exception of out-of-hospital birth, were found for each group.

Accidents↗
PubMed1985

A case of child abandonment--reflections on criminal responsibility in adolescence.

The issue of responsibility for delinquent acts has been examined in the light of adolescence as a unique developmental stage, and it has been proposed that the degree to which one should hold an adolescent morally responsible for his/her acts corresponds to the degree to which he/she has individuated from his/her family and become a psychologic adult. A case was presented in which the crime of child abandonment was committed by an adolescent who was still deeply enmeshed interpersonally with her mother and had not yet achieved a separate identity as an adult. The psychiatric findings were presented to the Court after a plea bargain had been struck and prior to sentencing. They conveyed the belief, in lay terms, that moral responsibility for this crime was collective, to be borne in part by the perpetrator's family. The Court responded humanely with a suspended sentence, conditioned on psychotherapy, allowing the young mother to remain together with her first child. Not only does this article suggest the value of an understanding of adolescent psychiatric concepts for the forensic psychiatrist, it also suggests that the more subtle aspects of assigning responsibility can be better evaluated by the court at the time of sentencing than during the trial phase.

Adolescent↗