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At least 1,117 records · Page 62Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

IgA-IgG disease in the intestine of Brown-Norway rats ingesting mercuric chloride.

In Brown-Norway (BN) rats, oral administration of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) induced morphological lesions of the ileum and, in lesser degree, of the colon, with abnormal deposits of IgA in the basement membranes of intestinal glands and of IgG in the basement membranes and in the lamina propria. IgG reactive with renal and intestinal basement membranes and in the lamina propria. IgG reactive with renal and intestinal basement membranes and with the lamina propria of a normal BN rat was found in the serum and IgG deposits were present in renal glomeruli of BN rats receiving HgCl2. Thus, it is conceivable that the deposits of IgG present in the intestine resulted from local fixation of circulating autoantibodies. In contrast, IgA with basement membrane reactivity was not detected in the sera nor in the renal glomeruli, suggesting that the intestinal deposits of IgA were formed in situ. This IgA-IgG intestinal disease inducible in BN rats may provide a model for the study of alterations of the secretory IgA system, as well as for testing the possibility that abnormal deposits IgA-IgG in the intestinal structures are associated with local functional changes.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Hereditary intestinal neurofibromatosis. I. A distinctive genetic disease.

Intestinal neurofibromatosis without other manifestations of von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis was found in a multigeneration family. Neurofibromas were strictly limited to the intestine. Onset of symptoms was delayed until adulthood and some gene carriers remained asymptomatic into their middle or late adult years. One other family with intestinal neurofibromatosis has been described in 1966. No symptomatic male is yet known, although an asymptomatic male in our family is an obligate gene carrier. The gene for intestinal neurofibromatosis may be incompletely penetrant and its expression varies even in symptomatic patients. No male-to-male transmission has been recorded to rule out X linkage. Intestinal neurofibromatosis presents as a distinctive dominant phenotype with an increased risk of intestinal problems including bleeding, intussusception and obstruction.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Prostanoid synthesis by cultured intestinal epithelial and mononuclear cells in inflammatory bowel disease.

Intestinal epithelial and mononuclear cells were isolated from normal colonic mucosa and from intestinal mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease patients. Prostanoid synthesis by primary cultures of intestinal mononuclear cells were four to six fold higher than its synthesis by primary cultures of epithelial cells. Prostaglandin E2, prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 synthesis by cultured mononuclear cells isolated from inflamed ileal mucosa of four Crohn's disease patients: 5.6 +/- 1.2; 3.2 +/- 1.9 and 2.4 +/- 1.4 (mean +/- SE) ng/1 X 10(6) cells were significantly higher than their respective synthesis by cultured mononuclear cells isolated from uninflamed ileal mucosa isolated from the same patients: 0.8 +/- 0.1; 0.3 +/- 0.1 and 0.2 +/- 0.03 ng/1 X 10(6) cells or from normal colonic mucosa: 1.5 +/- 0.3; 0.3 +/- 0.1 and 0.5 +/- 0.1 (N = 12) ng/1 X 10(6) cells. Prostanoid synthesis by primary cultures of intestinal mononuclear cells isolated from colonic mucosa of five ulcerative colitis patients was enhanced but not significantly different from its synthesis by cells isolated from normal subjects. These results suggest that the enhanced intestinal prostanoid synthesis in active Crohn's disease is derived from stimulated local mononuclear cells and may have an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1989

Perineural and intraneural inflammatory infiltrates in the intestines of patients with systemic connective-tissue disease.

Intestinal biopsy specimens were examined from patients with connective-tissue diseases who had symptoms that were thought to represent early gastrointestinal involvement by the disease. Specimens from the small and large intestines contained eosinophils and mast cells, in close association with Meissner's and Auerbach's plexuses. The intimate association of mast cells and eosinophils in various stages of activation and degranulation with nerves was confirmed by electron microscopy. These cells, particularly the eosinophil with its neurotoxic potential, in close proximity to the intramural nerves may contribute to the recognized motor disorders in patients with scleroderma and similar connective-tissue diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Buerger's disease with intestinal involvement.

Here I describe three cases of intestinal Buerger's disease and review previously reported cases. All patients had involvement of the extremities and clinical manifestations of Buerger's disease. Occlusive changes in intestinal arteries also occurred, in both the presence and absence of abdominal symptoms. Intestinal Buerger's disease may be asymptomatic, acute, or chronic, and treatment varies according to the type of disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Method of determining the microbial flora of the small intestinal cavity and mucosa in different gastrointestinal tract diseases].

Intestinal microflora in patients with chronic enterocolitis and duodenal ulcer was studied. Both the cavity of the small intestine and the structures of its mucosa were investigated. The method of aspiration biopsy was used, the samples of multiple washings of the intestinal mucosa and its homogenate were used for seeding. The results thus obtained in indicated that the structures of the mucosa contained microorganisms similar to those isolated from the intestinal cavity, but in lesser amounts and with different characteristics. The proposed method of detecting the microflora in the intestinal cavity and mucosa is simple and can be used in clinical practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Fecal excretion of radiolabeled (51CrCl3) proteins in patients with Crohn's disease.

Intestinal leakage of plasma proteins was studied in 69 patients with Crohn's disease. In vivo labeling of plasma proteins was performed by intravenous injection of trace amounts of 51CrCl3. Complete fecal collection was done for 5 days, carefully avoiding contamination with urine. The daily fecal radioactivity was measured in a whole-body counter and expressed as a percentage of given dose. In patients with a classic localization of the disease the mean fecal excretion of radiolabeled proteins was 2.8% (range, 0.8-5.5%). The excretion was significantly higher in patients with extensive ileojejunal involvement (8.8%; 4.3-14.0%) and in patients with a total colitis (5.5%; 2.0-8.2%) but not different from that in patients with prestomal recurrent ileal disease (3.5%; 1.6-5.3%). A close correlation was found between fecal excretion of 51Cr and extent of the small-intestinal disease as measured at laparotomy (r = 0.86, p less than 0.001). A highly significant inverse relationship was also demonstrated between fecal protein excretion and serum albumin concentration in patients without septic complications of the disease (r = -0.57, p less than 0.001). A pre-existing septic complication made the patients hypoalbuminemic despite limited intestinal loss of protein. It is concluded that estimation of intestinal protein loss is a sensitive and simple test for assessment of the extent of the small-intestinal involvement in patients with Crohn's disease. The test may be of value in patients with unclear radiologic findings and in patients with hypoalbuminemia of unknown cause.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Reversibility of increased intestinal permeability to 51Cr-EDTA in patients with gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases.

Intestinal permeability in adults with inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases was investigated by measuring the 24-h urinary excretion of orally administered 51Cr-EDTA. Eighty controls along with 100 patients with Crohn's disease, 46 patients with ulcerative colitis, 20 patients with gluten-sensitive enteropathy, and 18 patients with other diseases were studied. In controls, the median 24-h excretion was 1.34%/24 h of the oral dose. Patients with Crohn's disease (median 2.96%/24 h), ulcerative colitis (median 2.12%/24 h), and untreated gluten-sensitive enteropathy (median 3.56%/24 h) had significantly elevated urinary excretion of the probe compared to controls (p less than 0.0001). Increased 24-h urinary excretion of 51Cr-EDTA had a high association with intestinal inflammation (p less than 0.0001). Test specificity and sensitivity were 96% and 57%, respectively. A positive test has a 96% probability of correctly diagnosing the presence of intestinal inflammation, whereas a negative test has a 50% probability of predicting the absence of disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1972

Pathology of intestinal tuberculosis and its distinction from Crohn's disease.

Intestinal lesions of 212 cases presenting with symptoms of intestinal obstruction were studied. Of these, 159 cases were diagnosed as tuberculosis and 10 as Crohn's disease. Forty-three cases could not be classified into any of these entities and are excluded from this account. The amount of chemotherapeutic drugs received by each patient preoperatively was recorded. Cases proved as tuberculosis at the first operation were put on antituberculosis chemotherapy. Thirteen of these cases were operated on a second time, and tissue reactions under the influence of chemotherapy were studied. Fresh diseased tissue was studied for acid-fast organisms by culture and animal inoculation.Morphological features of the tuberculosis group are described in detail. Although the cases were broadly classified into the ulcerative and ulcerohypertrophic varieties, a distinction was not always sharp and the two types of lesions were at times found to coexist. The macroscopic features presented a very wide range, and at times distinction from Crohn's disease, especially in the ulcerohypertrophic variety, was difficult. Microscopically, however, they could be distinguished without much difficulty. Caseation, although a characteristic feature of tuberculous granulomas may, albeit rarely, be absent. Granulomas which are characteristically confluent may be present only in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Acid-fast organisms are not grown consistently from diseased tissues; where grown, they are of human type. Reparative changes during chemotherapy are described in detail; these follow a non-specific pattern. In the group of Crohn's disease, transmural cracks and fissures were consistently observed in all cases. Distinguishing features between the two diseases are discussed in detail.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Antiinflammatory treatment and intestinal alpha 1-antitrypsin clearance in active Crohn's disease.

Intestinal alpha 1-antitrypsin clearance was quantified in 17 patients with clinically active Crohn's disease before and after a six-week period of treatment with sulfasalazine and methylprednisolone. Before the study, alpha 1-antitrypsin clearance and, hence, enteric protein loss was elevated as being above control values in 16 patients. After therapy, clearance values decreased in 11 and were normalized in five patients. Serum albumin level was normalized in 11 of 12 patients who had hypoalbuminemia before the study. Clinical condition was improved in all but 1 patient after treatment. There was no close correlation between alpha 1-antitrypsin clearance and disease activity index. These results indicate that antiinflammatory therapy has a beneficial effect on enteric protein loss in Crohn's disease. The measurement of alpha 1-antitrypsin clearance provides a useful adjunctive technique in evaluating intestinal inflammatory activity, and it seems to be of use in following the efficacy of treatment in the course of illness in Crohn's disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Pathogenesis of diarrhea in the adult: diagnostic challenges and life-threatening conditions.

The mechanisms that regulate ionic balance, fluid absorption and secretion in the gastrointestinal tract are complex. Disturbance of this homeostatic state by bile acids, bacterial enterotoxins and neoplasm-derived secretagogues, for example, can lead to diarrhea. Determining the causes of chronic diarrhea in individual patients may, therefore, represent a diagnostic challenge. The gastrointestinal tract has finely tuned mechanisms to maintain ionic balance, fluid absorption and secretion. To achieve this homeostasis, various ionic transport proteins/complexes are targeted to the apical, basal or basolateral membranes of epithelial cells. Na, K and Cl ion transport proteins are regulated by endogenous activators (e.g. cAMP, PGE2, Ca), dietary-related factors (e.g. bile acids) and through post-translational modifications (e.g. phosphorylation). In certain pathophysiologic states, this homeostatic ionic/fluid exchange becomes dysfunctional as a result of failure of compensatory pro-absorptive/anti-secretory mechanisms. The excessive secretion of Na and Cl ions followed by the release of a large amount of H2O into the colonic lumen results in diarrhea, which may be acute or chronic, and can be life-threatening if not ameliorated. Diverse infectious organisms (e.g. bacteria, protozoa, viruses) utilize different mechanisms to cause intestinal disease and diarrhea. These pathophysiologic mechanisms include alterations in ion transport, disruption of tight junctions and elicitation of inflammatory responses. Studies of patients infected with certain pathogens, those with ulcerative colitis and those harboring extra-colonic or colonic neoplasms have elucidated some of these pathophysiologic mechanisms of diarrhea. Determining the etiology of chronic diarrhea in specific cases may be a diagnostic challenge for both gastroenterologists and primary care physicians.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Symposium on 'dietary influences on mucosal immunity'. How dietary antigens access the mucosal immune system.

The intestinal epithelium is a selective barrier where incompletely-digested food antigens are transmitted to the immune system. Food antigens are often the starting point of intestinal diseases such as food allergy or coeliac disease. The intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) take up and process food antigens mainly by fluid-phase transcytosis involving two functional pathways, one minor direct pathway without degradation and another major lysosomal degradative pathway. Among the peptidic metabolites generated during transepithelial transport of luminal antigens, some have a molecular mass compatible with a binding to restriction (major histocompatibility complex; MHC) molecules; the latter can be up regulated on enterocytes, especially in inflammatory conditions. Indeed, interferon-gamma not only increases the paracellular absorption of antigens, but also their transcytosis across epithelial cells. It has been reported that enterocytes may even directly present peptidic epitopes to underlying T-cells. As a new potential way of transmitting peptidic information to the local or systemic immune system, the secretion by IEC of antigen-presenting vesicles called exosomes and bearing MHC-peptide complexes has recently been proposed. Many other factors such as nutritional or environmental factors can also influence the properties of the epithelial barrier and the outcome of the immune response to lumen antigens.

Animals↗