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[Diagnosis of bacterial contamination of the small intestine using the 1 g [14C] xylose breath test in various gastrointestinal diseases].

The prevalence of the small intestine bacterial overgrowth syndrome has been assessed in 109 in-patients affected by various gastrointestinal disorders using the 1 g [14C]-xylose breath test; 18 healthy subjects acted as a control group: none of them showed abnormal results (100% specificity). None of 14 patients with colonic disease had abnormal results, whereas in 44 patients with ileal diseases the test was positive in 12% to 39% of the cases. Abnormal results were found in 46% of patients who underwent partial gastric resection greater than 20 years before, 29% of patients with irritable bowel syndrome without diarrhoea (faecal wet weight less than or equal to 600 g/72 h), 56% of those with diarrhoea of obscure origin, and 25% of celiac patients. Eight out of 8 patients with altered results showed normalization of the test after antibiotic therapy. Despite its high diagnostic value in the setting of clinical research, the 1 g [14C]-xylose breath test cannot as yet be proposed as a routine investigation.

Breath Tests↗
PubMed1997

[Food allergy and its role in gastrointestinal diseases].

Food antigens may play an important role in the etiology of a variety of gastrointestinal conditions ranging from food allergy and malabsorption syndromes to inflammatory bowel disease. However, the prevailing terminological confusion relative to allergy in the last years and in particular on the definition and classification of adverse reactions to foods joined to the absence of definitive diagnostic tests have impeded the investigation of food-allergic reactions. In the last few years the development of animal models and its application to the clinical ground have brought about new light to the mechanisms that regulate the response to antigenic challenge. In particular, the better understanding of the participation of key cellular elements, such as mast cells and basophils, in the modulation of immediate hypersensitivity reactions and the demonstration of the existence of IgE-independent immunologic mechanisms, have rendered new insights for diagnosis and treatment of food allergy.

Allergens↗