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PubMed1991

Experimental pathogenicity of mollicutes from bovines with reproductive disorders in rabbit fallopian tube organ culture.

Mollicutes (10) belonging to Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma isolated from various reproductive disorders were tested in rabbit fallopian tube (FT) organ culture. Parameter for describing pathogenic status of Mollicutes in rabbit FT organ culture included multiplication of organisms, and its effect on ciliary activity along with histopathological changes in FT explants. M. mycoides (LC, Y-Goat), M. bovoculi, M. bovigenitalium, Mycoplasma sp. and A. oculi were categorized as pathogenic; A. axanthum and A. laidlawii as mildly pathogenic; and M. bovis, M. arginini. and A. granularum, as nonpathogenic to rabbit FT organ culture. Thus, rabbit FT organ culture is recommended for use as a suitable and economical in vitro model to assess the pathogenicity of Mollicutes of reproductive tract origin.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Colour-coded duplex sonography for the assessment of fallopian tube patency.

Tubal patency was studied in 53 infertile women by means of colour-coded duplex sonography (CCDS) with transcervical injection of normal saline. In 47 women the patency was studied using a 2.5 MHz transabdominal transducer while in the last six cases, a 5.0 MHz vaginal probe was used. The results were compared with a conventional hysterosalpingogram (HSG) and laparoscopic chromopertubation. When the results of CCDS were compared with those of HSG and laparoscopy, there was a 92.5% agreement, that is, there was patency or occlusion of the Fallopian tubes. In addition, CCDS demonstrated all the soft tissues and their mobility. The colour signals generated by the air bubbles make it possible to demonstrate tubal patency on both sides separately. Vaginal CCDS offers a much better resolution with the advantage of lesser volume of normal saline being utilised. Tubal patency can be demonstrated in the presence of anatomical complications and requires only a small quantity of normal saline. This new tubal patency test is offered, not as a substitute for HSG, laparoscopy, hysteroscopy or salpingoscopy, but as a screening technique in the armamentarium of infertility investigations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Dermatomyositis associated with fallopian tube carcinoma.

Dermatomyositis (DM) is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy associated with characteristic cutaneous and extracutaneous manifestations, including malignancy. Primary fallopian tube carcinoma (FTC) is the least common site of origin for a malignant neoplasm of the female genital tract. This report describes the first documented case of DM and concurrent FTC in the United States. A 62-year-old woman presented with DM and was subsequently found to have FTC. During her clinical course, she had improvement in strength and function with treatment of the underlying FTC, which also correlated with lower creatinine phosphokinase levels. An association between DM and FTC may exist because of significant functional strength improvements after tumor removal and chemotherapy.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube: cases from 1971 to 1985 (27 patients). Current therapeutic approaches].

Twenty-seven patients with carcinoma of the fallopian tube were treated at the First Obstet. Gynecol. Clinic, University of Milan. Nineteen of them had the primary surgical procedure in our center and accounted for 2% of tubal and ovarian carcinomas. The others had been operated elsewhere. Another primary genital cancer occurred in 7 of these women and a breast carcinoma was recorded in the history of other 2. At laparotomy, 11 tumors were Stage I, 9 Stage II, and 7 Stage III. Postoperative adjuvant therapy was not homogenous, however chemotherapy was given to about 59% of patients. Five years survival rate was 65% for Stage I, 34% for Stage II and 17% for Stage III. The discussion deals with early diagnosis, prognostic and/or therapeutic role of pelvic and/or aortic lymphadenectomy and effectiveness of adjuvant therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The epidemiology of malignant neoplasms of the ovary, fallopian tube, and broad ligament in Canada: 1950-1984.

Canadian patterns of incidence and mortality from malignancies of the ovary, fallopian tube, and broad ligament during the periods 1970-1980 and 1950-1984, respectively, were examined. Incidence rates during 1970-1980 remained stable at about ten new cases per 100,000 population per year. Analysis of age-specific rates demonstrated no significant changes in incidence for the eight age groups studied (P greater than .10). Although age-standardized mortality rates have not changed significantly during 1950-1984 (P = .61), four of the eight age groups studied (0-24, 25-34, 35-44, and 45-54) showed significant declines, whereas three other age groups (65-74, 75-84, and 85 and above) experienced significant rates of increase (P less than .025). Rates of increase for women aged 85 and over--0.94 additional new deaths per 100,000 population per year--were the most dramatic of any of the eight age groups studied.

Adnexa Uteri↗
PubMed1981

The influence of fallopian tube ampullary length on the fertility of the rabbit.

The relationship between length of the ampullary segment of the fallopian tube and degree of fertility was investigated in 22 New Zealand White rabbits subjected to the microsurgical resection of differing lengths of ampullar with preservation of the full isthmus. The correlation was poor (r = 0.33; P = not significant); the subsequent fertility being unpredictable from a given a length of remaining ampulla. These data are in contrast with those of our previous tubal resection study, where segments of proximal oviduct were excised (1). There, a linear correlation between length of oviduct remaining distally and degree of fertility was demonstrated. Possible reasons for the unpredictability of fertility after segmental resection of ampulla are discussed. Until human data are available, such animal data suggest that the length of distal tubal remnants may predict potential fertility better than the length of proximal tubal remnants. For this reason, a sterilization procedure might best be performed on the proximal oviduct (isthmus) to allow predictability of reversal of the procedure should the occasion arise.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Questioning the efficacy of Fallopian tube sperm perfusion.

The aim of this work was to compare the efficiency of standard intrauterine insemination (IUI) and Fallopian tube sperm perfusion (FSP) in the treatment of infertility. Ninety-six consecutive patients with infertility in 100 cycles were included in the study. Those randomized to standard IUI included 48 patients in 50 cycles [25 clomiphene citrate only and 25 clomiphene citrate/human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) cycles] (group I). Patients subjected to FSP included 48 patients in 50 cycles (18 clomiphene citrate only and 32 clomiphene citrate/HMG cycles) (group II). The overall pregnancy rate per cycle (16% versus 18%) was not significantly different in the two groups. The pregnancy rates were also similar in the two groups when compared for the cause of infertility: ovulatory disorder 16.7% versus 16%, tubal impairment 10% versus 9.1%, cervical hostility (no pregnancy occurred in this group) and unexplained infertility 21.4 % versus 25 %. The overall pregnancy rate (for the two groups) appeared higher when clomiphene citrate/HMG was used for ovulation induction (21.1%) than when clomiphene citrate only was used (11.6%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Fallopian tube cytology: a histocorrelative study of 150 washings.

The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between fallopian tube lavage cytology and recognized microscopic prognostic features in cancer of the uterine corpus. Tubal (TW) and peritoneal washing cytology (PW), endometrial tumor grade, and tumor involvement of the cervix, myometrium, myometrial vessels, and peritoneum were assessed in 150 patients. Endometrioid adenocarcinoma grade I was considered a low-grade tumor, while endometrioid carcinoma grades 2/3, serous/clear cell carcinoma, carcinosarcoma, and high-grade stromal sarcoma were considered high grade. The overall concordance rate for paired TWs and PWs was 72% (108/150). Forward stepwise logistic regression analysis of the 150 tumors revealed that only PWs and cervical involvement were independently predictive of TWs. No relationship was evident between TWs and depth of myometrial invasion, myometrial vascular involvement, or peritoneal metastases. It is concluded that retrograde transtubal spread by malignant endometrial cells occurs independently of myometrial histoprognostic features. TWs provide supporting evidence for diagnostically difficult PWs, and malignant TWs may be detected in the presence of minimally invasive serous/clear cell carcinoma and carcinosarcoma of the endometrium.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Fallopian tube carcinoma: a clinicopathological study of 17 cases.

From 1969 through 1986, 17 patients with primary adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube were treated at the Loma Linda University Medical Center. Stages I, II, and III of the disease were present in 6, 5, and 6 patients, respectively. The mean age of the patients was 59.9 years. Vaginal bleeding or discharge (57%), followed by abdominal pain or discomfort (29%), was the most common symptom in our patients. A palpable pelvic mass was detected in two-thirds of the patients. One case of carcinosarcoma, one case of mixed mesodermal tumor, and one case of endometrioid carcinoma are included. No patient in this series had a correct preoperative diagnosis. Therapy consisted of surgical resection, usually followed by various combinations of adjuvant radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy. The overall 5-year survival rate was 31%. Five patients (29%) are alive without evidence of disease. This study supports the need for collaboration among large centers to define the optimal adjuvant therapy of this disease. In the absence of the desired treatment protocols, such lesions should be approached in a manner similar to that used for ovarian cancers.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Second-look laparotomy in carcinoma of the fallopian tube.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of second-look laparotomy following platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with fallopian tube cancer. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 35 patients with tubal cancer who underwent a second-look laparotomy following cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based combination chemotherapy. RESULTS: The distribution by stage was as follows: I, three (9%); II, five (14%); III, 24 (69%); and IV, two (6%); one patient was inadequately staged. The tumor grade was recorded in 31 patients, and 80% of these were grade 2 or 3. Twenty-one of the 35 patients (60%) were found to be free of disease at second-look operation. Neither stage nor grade were predictive of findings at the second-look procedure, although none of the five patients with stage I disease and/or grade 1 tumor had disease found at second-look surgery. The absence of gross residual disease following primary surgery was the strongest predictor of disease-free status at second-look laparotomy (P < .01). With a mean follow-up of 50 months among the survivors, only four (19%) of the patients with no evidence of tumor at reexploration have had a recurrence. CONCLUSION: Second-look laparotomy provides useful prognostic information in patients with tubal cancer; approximately 80% of patients who have a negative second-look following platinum-based chemotherapy will remain disease-free.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1992

Fallopian tube sperm perfusion used in a donor insemination programme.

Ninety-six couples were enrolled in a programme of Fallopian tube sperm perfusion (FSP). FSP is a method combining ovarian stimulation, ovulation induction and intra-uterine insemination with a 4 ml volume of sperm suspension. Frozen/thawed donor semen was used in all cycles. A total of 196 treatment cycles were started and of these 172 were completed. Twenty cycles were cancelled because of maturation of too many follicles, a low ovarian response, or formation of ovarian cysts. Five of the women enrolled in the programme did not have any inseminations. Forty-eight pregnancies occurred (27.9% per cycle) among 45 women (49.5%). There were five spontaneous abortions and one ectopic pregnancy. Sixteen pregnancies are on-going (greater than 12 weeks) and 26 women have delivered (including two sets of triplets and one set of twins). The pregnancy rate declined from the first attempt (34.1%) to the fourth attempt (14.3%). The pregnancy rate was significantly higher in women with three to five mature follicles compared to women with two or fewer mature follicles (P less than 0.05). Cycles in which human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) was administered on day 11 or later had a higher pregnancy rate than cycles where HCG was administered on day 10 (P less than 0.01). There was no difference in pregnancy rates between insemination with 8-10 x 10(6) motile spermatozoa and insemination with greater than 30 x 10(6) motile spermatozoa. FSP used in a programme of artificial insemination by donor using frozen/thawed donor semen is relatively simple to perform and gives a high pregnancy rate per cycle.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Menstrual cycle specific expression of epidermal growth factor receptors in human fallopian tube epithelium.

We studied the expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) in human fallopian tubes at three stages of the menstrual cycle: early follicular (n = 3), late follicular (n = 3) and luteal (n = 3). Immunohistochemical studies in the ampullary portion of the tubes showed that specific staining was localized to the epithelium and the vascular endothelium. Staining of the epithelium was intense at the late follicular and luteal stages, while it was weak at the early follicular stage. 125I-EGF binding study in the tubal plasma membranes revealed a class of high-affinity EGF receptors. Although dissociation constants were similar between the stages, numbers of binding sites at the late follicular and luteal stages were significantly (P < 0.01) greater than those at the early follicular stage. Western blotting showed that tubal plasma membranes contain M(r) 170,000 EGF receptor protein. The amounts were significantly (P < 0.01, n = 3) greater at the late follicular and luteal stages than those at the early follicular stage. Reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed that EGF receptor mRNA was expressed in all the 9 RNA samples (n = 3 for each stage) from the tubal ampullary portion. The amounts were significantly (P < 0.01, n = 3) greater at the late follicular and luteal stages than those at the early follicular stage (by a competitive PCR). Increase in the amounts of EGF receptor protein and mRNA occurred in association with an increase in serum oestradiol but not progesterone levels. Next we examined whether EGF receptor and its ligands (EGF and transforming growth factor alpha) are directly induced by oestrogen. We found that specific staining for EGF receptor and its ligands in the tubal epithelium was detected (by immunohistochemistry) in postmenopausal women with oestrogen replacement (n = 3), but not in subjects without oestrogen replacement (n = 3). These results suggested that EGF receptors in the human tubal epithelium are expressed in relation to specific stages of the menstrual cycle and that the expression may be induced by oestrogen.

Base Sequence↗