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At least 1,117 records · Page 62Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Epidermoid anal cancer: a review of a population-based series of 308 consecutive patients treated according to prospective protocols.

PURPOSE: The primary therapy in epidermoid anal cancer is radiotherapy, generally with chemotherapy. The use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been infrequently reported in the literature. This study presents results from a large population-based series and provides comparisons between different treatments. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1985 and 2000, 308 patients with invasive epidermoid anal cancer were diagnosed in the Stockholm Health Care Region. Treatment was given according to defined protocols. External beam radiotherapy alone or with concomitant bleomycin and neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy alone were the primary treatments. Radical surgery was reserved for poor responders or recurrences. Data were reviewed with regard to treatment, outcome, and prognostic factors. RESULTS: Among the 276 patients (90%) treated with curative intent, 264 (96%) received treatment in accordance with the protocols. The overall 5-year survival rate was 68%. Among the 142 patients with locally advanced tumors (T > or =4 cm or N+), patients treated with neoadjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy (n = 91) had significantly better complete response rates compared with patients treated with radiotherapy with or without bleomycin (n = 51) (92% vs. 76%, p < 0.01). A significantly increased overall 5-year survival rate was also found among patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy (63% vs. 44%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Structured treatment protocols result in favorable outcome on a population level. The results further suggest a significant therapeutic gain from including neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced anal cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Dispiro-1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes: a new class of antimalarial peroxides.

Dispiro-1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes 2-4 were synthesized as potential peroxide antimalarial drugs. They had curative activity against Plasmodium berghei in vivo at single doses of 320 and 640 mg/kg which confirms earlier unpublished data. Moreover, artemisinin (1) and 4 had equivalent ED50's against P. berghei in vivo in the multiple-dose Thompson test; neither showed any evidence of acute toxicity at total doses of more than 12 g/kg. Dispiro-1,2,4,5-tetraoxane 4 had IC50's comparable to those of 1 against Plasmodium falciparum clones in vitro. These results confirm the potential of dispiro-1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes as a new class of inexpensive peroxide antimalarial drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Spermatology for understanding, managing and conserving rare species.

Most conventional spermatology research involves common mammalian species including livestock, laboratory animals and humans. Yet, there are more than 4500 mammalian species inhabiting the planet for which little is known about basic reproductive biology, including sperm characteristics and function. This information is important, not just as adjunct knowledge, but because the majority of these species are threatened with extinction, largely due to human-induced pressures. The field of conservation is changing rapidly, and global cooperation is emerging among a variety of wildlife enthusiasts, ranging from management authorities of nature reserves to curators of rare zoological collections. Conservation progress depends on systematic, multidisciplinary research first to answer basic questions, with new data then applied to endangered species management plans. The reproductive physiologist is a crucial component of this scheme. Reproduction is the essence of species survival, and enormous effort needs to be directed at these 'untraditional' research species, subspecies and populations. Spermatology research combined with simultaneous efforts in endocrinology, embryology and cryopreservation (among others) can lead to the successful application of assisted reproduction. Examples from this laboratory include an array of wild felid species and a rare cervid and mustelid. Obstacles to success are formidable, including unique species-specificities, diminished genetic diversity and a general lack of resources. Nonetheless, the field offers tremendous opportunities for generating unique knowledge of comparative interest and with conservation utility.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

The next generation of literature analysis: integration of genomic analysis into text mining.

Text-mining systems are indispensable tools to reduce the increasing flux of information in scientific literature to topics pertinent to a particular interest in focus. Most of the scientific literature is published as unstructured free text, complicating the development of data processing tools, which rely on structured information. To overcome the problems of free text analysis, structured, hand-curated information derived from literature is integrated in text-mining systems to improve precision and recall. In this paper several text-mining approaches are reviewed and the next step in development of text-mining systems, which is based on a concept of multiple lines of evidence, is described: results from literature analysis are combined with evidence from experiments and genome analysis to improve the accuracy of results and to generate additional knowledge beyond what is known solely from literature.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2026

microntology: a lightweight, data-driven controlled vocabulary to describe earth's microbial habitats.

MOTIVATION: Data-enabled studies of microbial ecology and evolution depend on high-quality descriptions of microbial habitats, based on curated and consolidated vocabularies. RESULTS: We introduce microntology v1.0, a pragmatic controlled vocabulary of 148 terms to describe microbial habitats and lifestyles, and provide manually curated microntology annotations for >300k metagenomic samples from public repositories. AVAILABILITY: microntology controlled vocabulary terms and term hierarchies (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19730167), and curated annotations for 305 626 metagenomic samples (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18164252) are available via Zenodo and spire.embl.de/downloads. Underlying code is available via github.com/grp-schmidt/microntology and Zenodo (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.20323497). User feedback, suggestions and bug reports are welcome at github.com/grp-schmidt/microntology/issues.

Ecosystem↗
PubMed2006

probeBase--an online resource for rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes: new features 2007.

probeBase is a curated database of annotated rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes and supporting information. Rapid access to probe, microarray and reference data is achieved by powerful search tools and via different lists that are based on selected categories such as functional or taxonomic properties of the target organism(s) or the hybridization format (fluorescence in situ hybridization or microarray) in which the probes were applied. Additional information on probe coverage and specificity is available through direct submissions of probe sequences from probeBase to RDP-II and Greengenes, two major rRNA sequence databases. A freely editable user comments field for each probe entry allows any user to add, modify or remove information or to report errors in real-time. probeBase entries increased from 700 to more than 1200 during the past three years. Several options for submission of single probes or entire probe sets, even prior to publication of newly developed probes, should further contribute to keeping probeBase an up-to-date and useful resource. probeBase is freely accessible at http://www.microbial-ecology.net/probebase. Email correspondence can be addressed to probebase@microbial-ecology.net.

Bacteria↗
PubMed2005

Prognostic impact of anatomic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prognostic impact of anatomic versus nonanatomic resection on the patients' survival after resection of a single hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Anatomic resection is a reasonable treatment option for HCC; however, its clinical significance remains to be confirmed. METHODS: Curative hepatic resection was performed for a single HCC in 210 patients; the patients were classified into the anatomic resection (n = 156) and nonanatomic resection (n = 54) groups. In 84 patients assigned to the anatomic resection group, segmentectomy or subsegmentectomy was performed. We evaluated the outcome of anatomic resection, including segmentectomy and subsegmentectomy, in comparison with that of nonanatomic resection, by the multivariate analysis taking into consideration 14 other clinical factors. RESULTS: Both the 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates in the anatomic resection group were significantly better than those in the nonanatomic resection group (66% versus 35%, P = 0.01, and 34% versus 16%, P = 0.006, respectively). In the segmentectomy and subsegmentectomy group, the 5-year overall and disease-free survival rates were 67% and 28%, respectively, both of which were also higher than the corresponding rates in the nonanatomic resection group (P = 0.007 and P = 0.001, respectively). The results of multivariate analysis revealed that anatomic resection was a significantly favorable factor for overall and disease-free survivals: the hazard ratios were 0.57 (95% confidence interval, 0.32-0.99, P= 0.04), and 0.65 (0.43-0.96, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Anatomic resection for a single HCC yields more favorable results rather than nonanatomic resection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

e-Science and its implications.

After a definition of e-science and the Grid, the paper begins with an overview of the technological context of Grid developments. NASA's Information Power Grid is described as an early example of a 'prototype production Grid'. The discussion of e-science and the Grid is then set in the context of the UK e-Science Programme and is illustrated with reference to some UK e-science projects in science, engineering and medicine. The Open Standards approach to Grid middleware adopted by the community in the Global Grid Forum is described and compared with community-based standardization processes used for the Internet, MPI, Linux and the Web. Some implications of the imminent data deluge that will arise from the new generation of e-science experiments in terms of archiving and curation are then considered. The paper concludes with remarks about social and technological issues posed by Grid-enabled 'collaboratories' in both scientific and commercial contexts.

Archives↗
PubMed1988

Modified Schoemacher resection for distal gastric cancer.

Between October 1979 and February 1987, 30 consecutive patients with cancer of the lower stomach underwent B1-Schoemacher resection with a tubular gastric pouch. Operative mortality was 0% and operative morbidity 10% (leak 3%, anastomotic stricture 3% and abscess 3%). After a mean follow-up of 30 months, the expected 5-year survival was 32%. The causes of death were: 7 distant relapses, 2 noncancer diseases and 1 new primary cancer. The overall incidence of postgastrectomy symptoms was 23% for the whole series and 35% for the patients harboring small tumors. Mild dyspepsia occurred in 71%. The declining concept of total gastrectomy as an essential requirement for curative resection and the recent evidence that B2 for gastric lesions is a carcinogenic operation necessitate alternative procedures. The data show that modified Schoemacher resection can be consider a valid challenge to B2.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Incident lung cancer survival. Long-term follow-up of a population-based study in Italy.

The long-term survival of an incident lung cancer population was evaluated in relation to clinical stage, treatment modalities and other prognostic factors. The survey was carried out among the residents in the Local Sanitary Unit of Saronno, a highly industrialized area of northern Italy, where all the lung cancer cases diagnosed during the years 1976-79 had been identified and clinically studied. The overall survival of the 222 cases included in the analysis was 32% at 1 year, 10% at 3 years and 5% at 5 years; median survival was 7 months. A significantly better prognosis was associated with surgical resection (32% at 5 years; median, 42 mo), clinical stage I (16% at 5 years; median, 15 mo), and squamous cell carcinoma (13% at 5 years; median, 11 mo). Other factors such as age, sex, social class or cancer symptoms did not affect survival when treatment was taken into account. Our data show that surgical resection is the major determinant of survival, and suggest that sub-optimal access to curative treatment, particularly in patients aged 60 to 75 with limited disease, might have compromised the overall survival.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2005

Building a protein name dictionary from full text: a machine learning term extraction approach.

BACKGROUND: The majority of information in the biological literature resides in full text articles, instead of abstracts. Yet, abstracts remain the focus of many publicly available literature data mining tools. Most literature mining tools rely on pre-existing lexicons of biological names, often extracted from curated gene or protein databases. This is a limitation, because such databases have low coverage of the many name variants which are used to refer to biological entities in the literature. RESULTS: We present an approach to recognize named entities in full text. The approach collects high frequency terms in an article, and uses support vector machines (SVM) to identify biological entity names. It is also computationally efficient and robust to noise commonly found in full text material. We use the method to create a protein name dictionary from a set of 80,528 full text articles. Only 8.3% of the names in this dictionary match SwissProt description lines. We assess the quality of the dictionary by studying its protein name recognition performance in full text. CONCLUSION: This dictionary term lookup method compares favourably to other published methods, supporting the significance of our direct extraction approach. The method is strong in recognizing name variants not found in SwissProt.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1984

Functional neck dissection: an evaluation and review of 843 cases.

After briefly reviewing the principles, indications, and merits of functional neck dissection, the results of 1200 neck dissections performed on 843 patients in the period 1961-1979 are presented. They compare very favorably with those reported for classic (radical) neck dissection by other leading authors; however, a retrospective analysis of data derived from material of different origin is hardly possible and has a disputable value. Therefore, we decided to compare our data on functional neck dissections (FND) with those of classic neck dissections (CND) performed by the same surgical team at the same clinic in the period 1948-1960. The clinical material was largely the same in both cases, and the data were collected and analyzed using the same criteria. In both series, neck dissections were divided into elective and curative. It could be demonstrated that the number of neck recurrences observed in the dissected necks is the same for FND and CND in curative dissections, while it is considerably lower for FND in elective neck dissections. This of course does not prove improved radicality in FND, but only proves that a systematic bilateral elective neck dissection in N0 cases affords improved cancerological safety. This radical bilateral approach to regional lymph nodes is made possible routinely by FND which avoids the problems of unnecessary mutilation. The figures produced speak in favor of a wider adoption of FND especially for expanding the indications to elective treatment of regional lymph nodes in cancer of the head and neck. Elective neck dissection is made practically harmless by this newer technique and averts the dreadful appearance of late metastases in N0 cases.

Head and Neck Neoplasms↗
PubMed2003

An audit of the incidence of arm lymphoedema after prophylactic level I/II axillary dissection without division of the pectoralis minor muscle.

UNLABELLED: Lymphoedema is reported to occur in approximately one in four women following curative treatment for breast cancer. Reported rates are almost exclusively for level 1,2,3 axillary clearance with few data for the current practice of level 1,2 dissections. Swelling can affect the whole upper limb but frequently will remain restricted to hand, forearm or upper arm. The aims of this study were to determine incidence after level 1,2 dissection, degree and site of swelling and risk factors which might determine such incidences. Results were available on 198 patients. The cumulative prevalence of lymphoedema after level 1,2 dissections was 14% in the arm, 12% in the forearm and 16% in the hand, assuming a circumference difference of more than 5% indicated lymphoedema. Moderate lymphoedema representing more than 10% circumference difference was found in 1% (arm), 3.5% (forearm) and 0.5% in the hand. Risk factors for lymphoedema were experience of the surgeon (upper arm only), dominant limb (forearm only) and right-sided cancer treatment (for hand only). When lymphoedema in any site was considered, right-sided treatment and nodal status were independently significant. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that lymphoedema is a common complication following level 1,2 dissection. Whole limb volume is often considered the main outcome measure for detecting lymphoedema and determining success of treatment, yet swelling may be restricted to regions of the limb and site specific circumference measurements are therefore recommended. Pre- and postoperative circumference measurements are likely to be the most sensitive way of determining presence of lymphoedema following surgery for breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Survival of rectal carcinoma patients studied with flow cytometric DNA analysis.

The cellular DNA content was measured with flow cytometry from paraffin-embedded materials in 197 patients with primary rectal cancer who had had "curative" resection. All patients were followed clinically for from 2.5 to 7 years. There was a significant difference in recurrent rate between DNA diploid and aneuploid tumors. The cumulative survival rate (Kaplan-Meier) of curative operative rectal carcinomas was worse in DNA aneuploid than in DNA diploid tumors (p less than 0.05). These data suggest that tumor DNA content is an important prognostic indicator for both recurrence and overall survival in patients with primary rectal carcinoma.

DNA, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1992

Use of recombinant human interleukin-2 in conjunction with bone marrow transplantation as a model for control of minimal residual disease in malignant hematological disorders: I. Treatment of murine leukemia in conjunction with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and IL-2-activated cell-mediated immunotherapy.

Immunotherapy with recombinant human interleukin-2 (IL-2) and allogeneic spleen cells has led to significant antitumor effects in B-cell leukemia- (BCL1) bearing mice following transplantation with T-lymphocyte-depleted allogeneic bone marrow cells. Graft versus leukemia (GVL) effects were studied in a model mimicking minimal residual disease following bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Lethally irradiated (BALB/c x C57BL/6)F1 recipients were reconstituted with 20 x 10(6) T-lymphocyte-depleted C57BL/6 bone marrow cells mixed with 10(4) to 10(6) BCL1 cells followed by administration of sequential increments of allogeneic C57BL/6 spleen cells; 10(6) cells on Day +1, 10(7) cells on Day +5, and 5 x 10(7) cells on Day +9, with or without concomitant IL-2 treatment (intraperitoneal injections of 20,000 U twice daily for 3 days) together with each spleen cell administration. All mice receiving 10(4)-10(6) BCL1 cells developed marked splenomegaly by Day +21 and all adoptive recipients of 10(5) spleen cells obtained from these mice developed leukemia within 21-36 days. Treatment of mice which received 10(4) BCL1 cells by either three courses of low dose IL-2 or three increments of allogeneic spleen cells alone and certainly by a combination of both resulted in normalization of splenomegaly on Day +21, but only adoptive recipients of 10(5) spleen cells obtained from mice treated by both allogeneic spleen cells and IL-2 (10/10) or allogeneic spleen cells alone (8/10) were disease free (greater than 100 days). Mice inoculated with 10(5) BCL1 cells developed mild splenomegaly on Day +21 after IL2 treatment alone, but showed no clinical evidence of disease following administration of allogeneic spleen cells or both allogeneic spleen cells and IL-2. Following adoptive transfer of 10(5) spleen cells obtained from each treated group no leukemia (greater than 100 days) was evident in recipients of spleen cells obtained from mice treated with both allogeneic spleen cells and IL-2 (10/10) whereas a partial effect was observed in mice treated by allogeneic spleen cells only (4/10). Mice inoculated with a high dose of BCL1 cells (10(6] showed some delay in onset of splenomegaly, but no curative antileukemic effects could be observed even following a synergistic combination of IL-2 and allogeneic spleen cells. Our data suggest that immunocompetent allogeneic lymphocytes may play an important role against leukemic relapse and thus cell therapy may be used therapeutically to treat minimal residual disease after BMT even following initial reconstitution with T-cell-depleted bone marrow cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Follow-up of patients with colorectal cancer resected for cure in the Herault area. A medico-economical study].

UNLABELLED: Optimal modalities of surveillance of colorectal cancers (CRC) resected for cure have not been determined so far and the overall improvement of 5-year survival related to surveillance has not been demonstrated. AIM OF THE STUDY: To retrospectively evaluate modalities, results and costs of follow-up of patients during the 5 years following the resection for cure of CRC. METHODS: We studied medical and economical data from records of 256 patients registered in the cancer registry of the Herault area who underwent a potentially curative resection of CRC in 1992. We analyzed comparatively modalities of follow-up in patients who were followed according to recommendations from the 1998 French consensus conference (standard follow-up) and in those who had a simplified follow-up. We evaluated cumulative costs of follow-up. RESULTS: Nine patients died in the postoperative period. Recurrence rate was 27% (69 patients). Sixty-nine patients had a standard follow-up (30% of the 231 classified patients) and 162 patients (70%) had a simplified follow-up. The specific survival rate (taking into account only death related to CRC) 5 years after resection for cure was 75%. The 5-year specific survival rate after diagnosis of recurrence was 12% in the patients with recurrent disease within the 5 years after initial therapy. The 5-year survival rate after standard and simplified follow-up were 85% and 79%, respectively (P=0.25). Total cost of follow-up of the 256 patients was 1 085 507 French francs (FF). Mean follow-up cost per patient was 5 527 FF. Cost of the examinations not recommended by the consensus conference represented 30% of the expenses. Individual total cost of the follow-up of patients alive 5 years after the diagnosis of the recurrence was 120 356 FF. CONCLUSION: In Herault area, clinicians carried out in 70% of the patients a simplified follow-up and in 30% of the cases a reinforced follow-up in comparison with French recommendations. Survival rates were not significantly different between the 2 groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Hepatic metastasis of non-colorectal cancers. Results of surgical treatment].

To evaluate long-term results after curative hepatic resection for metastases from non-colorectal cancers, eleven studies published between 1978 and 1991 were reviewed. Data from 255 patients were available. Among these 255 patients, hepatic metastases were originating from 35 different primitive tumors. Breast cancers were the most frequent primitive tumors (n = 34, 13%). Following hepatic resection, Wilm's tumors and endocrine tumors gave the best results (five-year survival rate superior to 50%). Despite hepatic resection, melanomas and pancreatic cancers remained of poor prognosis. In breast cancers, when hepatic surgery was associated with adjuvant chemotherapy, the five-year cumulative survival was 16%. For leiomyosarcomas, gastric adenocarcinomas and gallbladder cancers few cases of prolonged survival have been recorded. These results suggest that in a selected group, surgery could be contemplate with chance of cure. Multicentric studies and/or a national register, would allow to improve the selection of patients and to optimize the surgical approach.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

[Oesophageal cancer extension. Diagnostic contribution and effects on therapy of computed tomography. Report on 40 cases (author's transl)].

Based on a homogeneous series of 40 cases of thoracic or abdominal oesophageal cancer, of which 23 had been confirmed by operation, the authors analyse the contribution of the CT scan to the diagnosis of the extension of the cancer, and evaluate the effects on therapy of this technique. Computed tomography supplies much more precise and complete details of possible cancer extension than any other pre-operative investigation. Conducted after radiological and endoscopic examination of the oesophagus, it supplies rapid, perfectly readable, irreplaceable information on local, regional, and metastatic spread of the cancer. This only slightly aggressive examination enables evaluation of the size of the tumour and its direct relationships, effective exploration of the mediastinal and coeliac glands regions, and detection of possible pleural, pulmonary, or hepatic metastases. Its role in the decision to operate is a considerable one: true assessment of of local, regional, or metastatic extension assists the surgeon in his choice of either curative or palliative therapy. Better still, it enables a route of approach to be decided as a function of data concerning possible extension, as well as the best surgical tactic. As a support for radiotherapy or chemotherapy for this type of cancer, computed tomography greatly assists follow-up supervision.

Esophageal Neoplasms↗