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At least 1,117 records · Page 62Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Estradiol Reference Standard (Control 001) of National Institute of Health Sciences].

The raw material of tocopherol was tested for the preparation of "Estradiol Reference Standard (Control 991)". Analytical data obtained were: melting point, 178.5 degrees C: UV spectrum, lambda max of 281 nm and specific absorbance in ethanol at lambda max = 77.7; IR spectrum, same as that of the Estradiol Reference Standard (Control 964); optical rotation, [alpha]D20 = +79.5 degrees; thin-layer chromatography, one impurity was detected; high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), total amount of impurities estimated to be less than 0.6%; loss on drying, 3.3%; assay, 100.2% by UV spectrophotometry and 99.9% by HPLC. Based on the above results, the raw material was authorized as the Estradiol Reference Standard (Control 001) of the National Institute of Health Sciences.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Metal contents in tench otoliths: relationships to the aquatic environment.

A monitoring of the quality of waters was attempted determining metal accumulation in target organs as otoliths of freshwater fish. Tenchs of age ranging between 2 and 10 years were sampled in three different canals receiving wastewater from industrial, agricultural and urban activities. Metal contents were determined in both lapilli and asterisci otoliths, using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Analytical data are reported for minor metals and for some trace metals. Al, Fe and Zn have contents depending on the environment where the fish has lived, while Na, K, Ca and Sr contents are insensitive to the different aquatic habitat. Considering the two types of otolith separately, lapilli display a different affinity for trace metals (Al, Fe and Zn), while in asterisci this affinity is matched only for zinc. The high affinity of zinc for both types of otoliths suggests using this metal for discriminating the fresh waters by checking its accumulation in otoliths, as well as correlating this accumulation with age of the fish: a negative power curve equation is proposed. Since highest concentrations are found in individuals of 2-3 yr., it is advisable to use this fish for such environmental studies.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2001

Possible effects of endocrine disruptors on male reproductive function.

Endocrine disruptors act to alter blood hormone levels or the subsequent action of hormones, including effects on hormone production, release, transport, metabolism and/or elimination together with effects on cognate receptor binding and/or subsequent intracellular receptor actions. Confirmed alterations in reproductive development in wildlife species together with reports touting an increase in the incidence of human male reproductive tract abnormalities and decreased adult sperm counts in some parts of the world have increased public concern with endocrine disruptors. A biological plausible hypothesis has suggested that man-made chemicals act as endocrine disruptors resulting in altered development of the reproductive tract causing the observed effects. Based on current knowledge, the impact of endocrine disruptors on the male reproductive function remains to be appreciated. Epidemiological human studies are necessary to fill in the gap in our knowledge. Disturbances of hormonal regulation during fetal or postnatal development in humans may induce adverse effects on the male reproductive system, but these adverse effects of endocrine disruptors on humans are subtle, and difficult to research and detect. We have investigated fetal exposure to endocrine disruptors in Japan by analyzing umbilical cords, and changes of testis-weight in Japanese men by using analytical data of necropsy. This mini-review summarizes current endocrine disruptor issues on possible effects of endocrine disruptors on male reproductive function and the results of our recent research.

Cryptorchidism↗
PubMed1997

[HPLC determination of six flavonoid constituents in Ginkgo biloba leaves].

Six flavonoid constituents (quercetin, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, bilobetin, ginkgetin and sciadopitysin) were isolated from Ginkgo biloba leaves and determined by reversed phase HPLC using salvianolic acid B as internal standard. The column employed was Zorbax ODS (150 mm x 4 mm ID, 5 microns). The mobile phase consisted of solvent A (methanol) and solvent B [tetrahydrofuran--water--formic acid (34:65:1)] for gradient elution. The flow rate was 1 ml.min-1 and detection was effected at 350 nm. This method is accurate, rapid and reproducible. Analytical data for various samples were given.

Biflavonoids↗
PubMed1975

[The lysis of proteins with cyanogen bromide (author's transl)].

Bovine beta-lactoglobulin-AB was split with cyanogen bromide, and the reaction mixture was analyzed by countercurrent distribution, gel chromatography and finally, chromatography on phosphocellulose. In addition to the previously described splitting products, we obtained three more minor products, with yields of 8, 15 and 25%. The analytical data indicate that these were formed by lysis C-terminal from the tryptophan-19 and the tryptophan-61 of beta-lactoglobulin. The result is discussed.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of barium hydroxide treatment efficacy on a dolomitic marble.

The Arch of Peace, by Luigi Cagnola, is one of the most famous neoclassical monuments in Milan. It has been subjected to conservative intervention in 1998. In the present paper the efficacy of the consolidation by means of barium hydroxide has been evaluated. The stone material showed severe degradation phenomena as: erosion, pulverisation, exfoliation. The analytical data acquired through X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX), allowed to compare the conditions of stone before and after the treatment with barium hydroxide. The presence of barium has been put in evidence mainly on the surface as barium sulphate, whereas barium is only sporadically present within the thickness of the decayed material. The treatment was judged not satisfying and its inefficacy is, most probably, due to a not suitable cleaning procedure carried out before the consolidation.

Barium Compounds↗
PubMed2001

[Ergocalciferol Reference Standard (Control 001) of National Institute of Health Sciences].

The raw material of ergocalciferol was examined for the preparation of "Ergocalciferol Reference Standard (Control 001)". Analytical data obtained were: melting point, 114.8 degrees C; UV and infrared spectra, the same as those of JP Ergocalciferol Reference Standard (Control 971); specific absorbance, E1ca1% = 471(265 nm); optical rotation, [alpha]D20 = +102.4 degrees; thin-layer chromatography, no impurities were detected until 100 micrograms; high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), total amount of impurities estimated to be less than 0.1%. Based on the above results, the raw material was authorized as the Japanese Pharmacopoeia Ergocalciferol Reference Standard (Control 001).

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed2001

[Alprostadil Reference Standard (Control 001) of National Institute of Health Sciences].

The raw material of Alprostadil was examined for the preparation of "Alprostadil Reference Standard (Control 001)". Analytical data obtained were: IR spectrum, same as that of the Alprostadil Reference Standard (Control 923); thin-layer chromatography, no impurities were detected until 20 micrograms; high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), total amount of impurities estimated to be less than 0.2%. Based on the above results, the raw material was authorized as the Japanese Pharmacopoeia Alprostadil Reference Standard (Control 001).

Alprostadil↗
PubMed2001

[Cholecalciferol Reference Standard (Control 001) of National Institute of Health Sciences].

The raw material of cholecalciferol was examined for the preparation of "Cholecalciferol Reference Standard (Control 001)". Analytical data obtained were: melting point, 83.2 degrees C; UV and infrared spectra, the same as those of JP Cholecalciferol Reference Standard (Control 971), respectively; specific absorbance at 265 nm, E1ca1% = 478; optical rotation, [alpha]D20 = +108.6 degrees; thin-layer chromatography, no impurities were detected until 100 micrograms; high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), total amount of impurities estimated to be less than 0.05%. Based on the above results, the raw material was authorized as the Japanese Pharmacopoeia Cholecalciferol Reference Standard (Control 001).

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed2001

[Betamethasone Sodium Phosphate Reference Standard (Control 001) of National Institute of Health Sciences].

The raw material of betamethasone sodium phosphate was examined for the preparation of the "Betamethasone Sodium Phosphate Reference Standard (Control 001)". The analytical data obtained were: melting point, 207.2 degrees C; pH, 8.1; optical rotation, [alpha]D20 = +104.4 degrees; UV spectrum, lambda max of 242 nm and specific absorbance in water at 242 nm = 272.9; IR spectrum, specific absorptions at 3386.9, 1721.7, 1663.3, 1620.4, 1605.0, 1094.3, 985.8, 889.8 cm-1; free phosphoric acid, 0.3%; thin-layer chromatography, one impurity was detected until 200 micrograms; high-performance liquid chromatography, total amount of impurities estimated to be less than 0.5%; water, 9.2%. Based on the above results, the raw material was authorized as the Betamethasone Sodium Phosphate Reference Standard (Control 001) of the National Institute of Health Sciences.

Betamethasone↗
PubMed2001

[Hydrocortisone Sodium Phosphate Reference Standard (Control 001) of National Institute of Health Sciences].

The raw material of hydrocortisone sodium phosphate was examined for the preparation of the "Hydrocortisone Sodium Phosphate Reference Standard (Control 001)". The analytical data obtained were: pH, 8.3: optical rotation, [alpha]D20 = +126.2 degrees; UV spectrum, lambda max of 248 nm and specific absorbance in water at 248 nm = 338.6; IR spectrum, same as that of the Hydrocortisone Sodium Phosphate Reference Standard (Control 891); free phosphoric acid, 0.2%; free hydrocortisone, 0.01%; thin-layer chromatography, no impurity was detected until 200 micrograms; high-performance liquid chromatography, total amount of impurities estimated to be less than 0.2%; residual solvent, 0.0% (acetone) and 0.02% (ethanol); loss on drying, 1.5%. Based on the above results, the raw material was authorized as the Hydrocortisone Sodium Phosphate Reference Standard (Control 001) of the National Institute of Health Sciences.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2001

[Beclometasone Dipropionate Reference Standard (Control 011) of National Institute of Health Sciences].

The raw material of beclometasone dipropionate was examined for the preparation of the "Beclometasone Dipropionate Reference Standard (Control 011)". The analytical data obtained were: melting point, 208.8 degrees C; optical rotation, [alpha]D20 = +91.7 degrees; IR spectrum, same as that of the Beclometasone Dipropionate Reference Standard (Control 865); thin-layer chromatography, one impurity was detected until 40 micrograms; high-performance liquid chromatography, total amount of impurities estimated to be less than 0.5%; loss on drying, 0.6%. Based on the above results, the raw material was authorized as the Beclometasone Dipropionate Reference Standard (Control 011) of the National Institute of Health Sciences.

Beclomethasone↗
PubMed2001

[Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate Reference Standard (Control 001) of National Institute of Health Sciences].

The raw material for dexamethasone sodium phosphate was examined for the preparation of the "Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate Reference Standard (Control 001)". The analytical data obtained were: pH, 8.0; optical rotation, [alpha]D20 = +79.6 degrees; UV spectrum, lambda max of 242 nm and specific absorbance in water at 242 nm = 313.6; IR spectrum, same as that of the Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate Reference Standard (Control 893); free phosphoric acid, 0.06%; free dexamethasone, 0.07%; thin-layer chromatography, no impurities were detected until 100 micrograms; high-performance liquid chromatography, total amount of impurities estimated to be less than 0.2%; residual solvent, 4.3% (ethanol); water, 7.3%. Based on the above results, the raw material was authorized as the Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate Reference Standard (Control 001) of the National Institute of Health Sciences.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2001

[Glycyrrhizinic Acid Reference Standard (Control 001) of National Institute of Health Sciences].

The raw material of glycyrrhizinic acid was examined for preparation of the "Glycyrrhizinic Acid Reference Standard". The analytical data obtained were: UV spectrum: lambda max, 251 nm; and specific absorbance (E1ca1%) in ethanol at 251 nm, 146; IR spectrum, specific absorptions at 1714, 1655, 1215, and 1170 cm-1; and the spectrum of raw material was consistent with that of Standard (Control 991). Also, thin-layer chromatography, no impurity was detected; high-performance liquid chromatography, several impurities were detected. The amount of each impurity was estimated at less than 0.2% and total amount of impurities was less than 0.4%. Based on the above results, the candidate material was authorized as the Glycyrrhizinic Acid Reference Standard (Control 001) of the National Institute of Health Sciences.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2001

[Berberine Hydrochloride Reference Standard (Control 001) of National Institute of Health Sciences].

The raw material of Berberine Hydrochloride was examined for preparation of the "Berberine Hydrochloride Reference Standard". The analytical data obtained were: UV spectrum: lambda max, 420, 345, 263 and 228 nm and specific absorbance (E1ca1%) in ethanol at each lambda max, 155, 724, 796 and 820, respectively; IR spectrum, specific absorptions at 2844, 1635, 1569, and 1506 cm-1; and the spectrum of raw material was consistent with that of Standard (Control 941). Also, thin-layer chromatography, an impurity was detected; high-performance liquid chromatography, several impurities were detected. The amount of each impurity was estimated at less than 0.1% and the total amount of impurities was less than 0.2%. Based on the above results, the candidate material was authorized as the Berberine Hydrochloride Reference Standard (Control 001) of the National Institute of Health Sciences.

Berberine↗
PubMed2002

Implementation of glycogen accumulating bacteria in treating nutrient-deficient wastewater.

Activated sludge treatment of nutrient-deficient wastes may lead to severe slime formation and consequent biomass separation difficulties. The purpose of this paper has been to show that bioreactor arrangement essentially influences the manner of biological excess carbon removal. In a comparative lab-scale experiment two differently arranged activated sludge systems were operated simultaneously: an aerated CSTR with an aerobic selector and an aerated CSTR with an anaerobic selector. The seed derived from an anaerobic/aerobic activated sludge plant of a winery. The model wastewater contained wine, sugar and acetic acid as organic carbon sources and lacked nutrients regarding both N and P, similarly to the influent of the full-scale plant. During the 52 days of the experiment the SVI values of the fully aerated system increased up to 600-800 cm3 g(-1) whereas those of the anaerobic/aerobic system remained below 250 cm3 g(-1) The SVI values showed a strict correlation with the amount of extracellular polysaccharides. In the anaerobic/aerobic experimental system, the high (40% of MLSS) intracellular polysaccharide content of the seed could be maintained. Besides the analytical data, also the microscopic observations of the biomass structure referred to the presence of glycogen accumulating organisms in both the lab- and full-scale anaerobic/aerobic systems.

Bacteria, Aerobic↗
PubMed2002

The development and use of real-time PCR for the quantification of nitrifiers in activated sludge.

Chemical analytical data has long been used to monitor the performance of activated sludge plants even though the process relies on the performance of microorganisms. It is now evident that a rapid and reliable quantitative method is required, to be able to monitor the organisms responsible for nutrient transformation and their activities, allowing avenues for more efficient nutrient removal. The development of real-time or quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) also known as TaqMan or 5'-nuclease assay has allowed the rapid, quantitative analysis of DNA templates, eliminating some of the variability traditionally associated with other quantitative techniques. In this study analysis of Nitrospira spp., one of the key organisms in nitrite oxidation in wastewater treatment, was used to validate real-time PCR for the their quantification in activated sludge. A probe and primer set, targeting the 16S rRNA gene of Nitrospira spp. was designed according to the constraints of the TaqMan specifications. Samples used to evaluate the method included DNA from the sludge from full-scale wastewater treatment plants and laboratory scale systems. The reproducibility, quantitative efficiency and specificity were assessed in the evaluation. It was concluded that the method is sensitive and reproducible but has some constraints on the quantitative efficiency. A survey of full-scale systems for Nitrospira spp. was carried out and the results are presented here.

Automation↗
PubMed2002

Estimation of pharmaceutical residues in primary and secondary sewage sludge based on quantities of use and fugacity modelling.

A general procedure was developed for estimating the concentrations of pharmaceutical residues in fresh primary and secondary sewage sludge. Prescribed quantities coupled with information on the various excretion ratios of 20 pharmaceuticals and 2 of their metabolites enabled prediction of the overall rates of excretion into Australian sewage. Fugacity modelling was applied to predict concentrations of these residues in fresh primary and secondary sludge. Predicted concentrations ranged from 10(-3)-884 microg/L in primary sludge and 10(-4)-36 microg/L in secondary sludge. Overall rates of removal to sludges ranged from 1-39%. The accuracy of the model was verified by comparison to analytical data.

Australia↗