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PubMed1994

[Identification of structural rearrangements in the karyotype of Microtus oeconomus from Chernobyl by differential staining of chromosomes].

Karyological studies of rodents within a 30-km radius of the Chernobyl' nuclear power plant revealed one female root vole (Microtus oeconomus) with an abnormal karyotype. The use of C, G, and AgNOR banding methods allowed us to determine that morphological changes in two nonhomologous autosomes, which were accompanied by rearrangements in distribution of G bands, heterochromatin, and NOR, are the result of a reciprocal translocation. Chromosomal aberrations were probably inherited or appeared in embryogenesis, since none of the analyzed cells of the studied vole had a normal karyotype. It is important to note that this rearrangement was detected five years after the meltdown. Both breaks and reunions of the chromosomes that participate in this rearrangement are probably located in regions that are not important for functioning of these chromosomes. Thus, it can be supposed that the detected rearrangement did not influence the viability of the vole. This karyotype was compared to a standard karyotype of a root vole from another area of the species range. The heteromorphism of the first pair of chromosomes in both voles, which was detected for the first time, is probably normal for the karyotype of M. oeconomus, and is not linked with any radiation-induced intrachromosomal aberrations.

Accidents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Assessment of factors determining the dynamics of pollution by Cs-137 of agricultural production after the Chernobyl AES accident].

Analysis of the dynamics of 137Cs content in the main kinds of plant and animal products obtained on the basis of a separate farm located at 40-50 km to the north from Chernobyl NPP has shown that in 1987-1991 the decrease of 137Cs transfer from soil to agricultural crops was on the average 2--4-fold, and for milk--6--7-fold during the pasture period and 10-fold--during stabling one. The half-life periods of decrease of 137Cs constant in the main kinds of plant production vary from 2.1 to 5.9 years; for milk this parameter equals to 1.4 years in the pasture period, and in the stabling one--2.8 years. The main contribution (67-80%) to the decrease of 137Cs transfer to plant products is made by biogeochemical processes causing decrease of mobility of 137Cs in soil; as for agrochemical countermeasures, these contribute 20--33%. Decrease of contamination of milk, on the contrary, is mainly due to realization of countermeasures--contribution of the latter reaches 60%.

Agriculture↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Regularities of changes in Cs-137 contents in animal products in the territory of the Russian Federation polluted as a consequence of the Chernobyl AES accident].

Dynamics of 137Cs content in main types of animal production obtained in region of Russia contaminated as a result of the Chernobyl NPP accident, 1986, is described. Decrease of contamination of agricultural production during 1987--1992 was of not regular character. The most rapid decrease of 137Cs content in production was registered in the first post-accidental period which was connected with intensive realization of countermeasures in agriculture at that time. Half-life periods of 137Cs content (major dose-forming radionuclide) decrease in production for areas of Russia subjected to the most intensive contamination amounted of 1.6 to 4.8 years, as dependent on the scale of countermeasures carried out.

Animal Feed↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Quantitative and cytologic changes in various types of blood leukocytes in liquidators 5-6 years after the accident at the Chernobyl power plant].

Radiation-induced effects were studied in leukocytes from 300 males 5-6 years after the Chernobyl accident. Radiation dose received ranged from 5 to 100 sGy. Leukocyte composition of blood was determined in blood smears stained according to Pappenheim and at flow cytometry on Facs tar laser cell sorter. Compared to controls, the majority of the patients had moderate relative and absolute lymphocytosis, eosinophilia and neutrophilopenia. Nuclear structure was changed more frequently in lymphocytes and neutrophils from the exposed subjects, especially in those who had received large dose. The findings evidence that 5-6 years after radiation accident the exposed subjects develop quantitative and qualitative shifts in leukocytes suggesting probable radiation effects on genetic system of the baseline hemopoietic cells.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Enterosorption and therapeutic plasmapheresis in the intensive therapy of patients with acute leukemia and of persons who were victims of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

The paper reports on the preliminary experience of treatment of those patients having been the victims to the reactor accident at the Chernobyl NPP as well as of those with acute and chronic leukoses, having received courses of modern cytostatic therapy. The patients were exposed to therapeutic plasmapheresis and enterosorption as part of a complex conventional treatment programme. The conclusion the authors have come to is as follows: enterosorption strikingly reduces manifestations of "cytostatic disease"; the use of plasmapheresis in those persons having been previously exposed to small dose chronic radiation, makes for improvement of clinical and laboratory values but further studies are warranted to determine indications for therapeutic plasmapheresis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The vitamin and trace element status of the personnel of the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station and of preschool children in the city of Slavutich].

Supply of the Chernobyl NPP staff and Slavutich children with vitamins and minerals has been examined in spring 1992. From 43 to 100% of people have moderate deficiency of vitamin C, B1, B2, B6 and folic acid, 6-61%--deep deficiency of these nutrients. Most of the people have insufficient supply with vitamins in the form of polyhypovitaminosis, i.e. combined deficiency of ascorbic acid and of 2 or 3 vitamins of the B group. Deficiency of 2 vitamins was found in 20% of adults of 3 vitamins in 37%, of 4 vitamins in 29% and of 1 vitamin in 10% of adults. Only 4% of examined adults are sufficiently supplied with all vitamins and none of children. Deficiency of 1 vitamin was found in 11% of children, of 2 vitamins in 15%, of 3 vitamins in 17%, of 4 vitamins in 35%, of 5 vitamins in 20% and of 6 vitamins in 2% of children. Supply of children with all vitamins has been improved when they received combined vitamin-mineral preparation "Duovit" for one month. Universal prophylactic vitaminization by means of administration of ascorbic acid and polyvitamin preparations in doses corresponding to the daily physiological requirement should be recommended as the most reliable, effective and economical measure aimed to improve supply of the population with vitamins.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Time aspects of short-latency acoustic evoked potentials in cleaners-up after the Chernobyl AES accident who have voice disorders].

Brain stem SLAEP were compared to EEG readings in patients with vocal problems consequent to low-dose radiation received after the Chernobyl accident. Versus control subjects, the patients had significantly (p < 0.01) longer latent periods of SLAEP waves 11 and V as well as the interpeak interval I-V. EEG findings indicated in patients changes in the diencephalic and diencephalic-stem regions, CNS dysfunction in the form of cortical structure irritation in the presence of low cerebral bioelectric activity. As shown by objective methods, the above patients with vocal problems have CNS disorders. This should be taken into consideration in planning treatment and incapacity decisions for such subjects.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Morphologic characteristics of lymphocytes 6 years after the Chernobyl accident].

The examination of peripheral blood lymphocytes from persons exposed to low-dose radiation after the Chernobyl accident demonstrated that the exposure to radiation at the time of the accident and further living in the contaminated territory entail a significant increase in the number of cells with a large thick nucleus and scare cytoplasm. Such morphological picture may be attributed to stable adaptation typical for persistent activation of the general adaptation syndrome and is explained by adaptation-stress relations.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

Selective monitoring for a Chernobyl effect on pregnancy outcome in Kiev, 1969-1989.

The aim of this investigation was to determine the frequency of adverse pregnancy outcomes in Kiev during the period surrounding the Chernobyl accident on April 26, 1986. Additional effective equivalent doses resulting from the catastrophic irradiation in 1986-1991 was 8.04 mSv for Kiev inhabitants. We retrospectively analyzed the archives of the two largest obstetric hospitals between 1969 and 1990. Spontaneous miscarriages, congenital anomalies, and perinatal mortality varied during the two decades without any pronounced changes in any direction. Additional long-term follow-up is needed to determine mutagenic or carcinogenic effects.

Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced↗
PubMed1995

[Hematological dispensary care for the participants in the cleanup of the aftermath of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

Standard (hemogram, routine biochemical indices) and non-standard hematological parameters reflecting monocytic-macrophagal system (MMS) function and antioxidant defense were investigated in 140 subjects who had worked in radionuclide-contaminated zone after the Chernobyl accident. As shown by measurements of iron serum metabolism, lysozyme, total interferon, CIC, chemiluminescence of venous blood mononuclear leukocytes, MMS in 50% of them underwent negative changes in suppressed antioxidant defense. Standard hematological findings registered abnormalities only in 8-27% of the examinees.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Radioactive aerosols formed by fires in regions polluted by products of the Chernobyl accident].

Fires during summer period of 1992 within 30-km zone near Chernobyl NPP lead to short-term increase of both 137Cs concentration in the air and ratios 137Cs/90Sr and 137Cs/238Pu as compared to quite conditions. The concentration of 137Cs resulted from the fires of various types was estimated. It was found that this value could exceed the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) for population if the soil contamination density was greater than 0.5 Ci/km2 and MPC for professionals at contamination density 7 Ci/km2. Fires lead to increase in inhaled radiation dose, whereas exposure dose rate remains unchanged.

Aerosols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Protein phosphorylation and activity of insulin and epidermal growth factor receptors in liver plasma membranes of rats kept in the zone of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power station].

Disruption in transfer of regulatory signal from insulin and EGF receptors in liver plasma membrane of rats, their 3 generation being kept in the Chernobyl accident 30-km zone has been found. As in case with imbalance in hormone binding and receptor phosphorylation of insulin receptors in experimental diabetes mellitus, an increasing of insulin and EGF binding by appropriate receptors with simultaneous decrease of its protein kinase activity after ligand binding was shown in rats chronically irradiated in the 30-km accident zone.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[The psychological and psychiatric study of children living in Kaluga and Bryansk provinces, Russia (the aftermath of the Chernobyl accident)].

According to WHO project "Brain Damage in Utero" in the framework of the screening phase of the programme, 1025 children (725 in experimental group-Novozybkov and Klintsy towns of Bryansk region; 300 in control group--Obninsk town of Kaluga region) and 600 parents (300 in experimental group and 300 in control group) were studied using standardized methods of psychological psychiatric assessment (Draw-a-man test, British picture vocabulary test, Raven coloured matrices, Parental and teacher Rutter Scales, CHQ-28, Verbal subtest of Wechsler test) for potential psychological and psychiatric effects of Chernobyl accident on child's intelligence, behavioural and emotional state, mental health of parents and parental intellectual level. The following results were obtained: comparison of verbal IQ scores in children revealed a 6-fold increase of these values in experiment group. Comparison of nonverbal IQ scores in children revealed that these values are 4 times higher in experimental group. Comparison of scores according to Rutter parental and teacher scales revealed that emotional and behavioural disorders are 1.5 times more prevalent in children of experimental group. All the above differences were statistically significant. Comparison of CHQ-28 scores was indicative of relative prevalence of these values in parents of experimental group, but there was no statistically significant difference between such score in experimental and control groups. Comparison of scores of parental IQ showed relative prevalence of these values in experimental group. The results obtained can not be completely estimated without thorough identification of individual doses received by mothers and their children. Only after obtaining these data it will be possible to solve the problem of dose effect.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Changes in the lipid peroxidation indices during the sanatorium-health resort treatment of patients with joint diseases, victims in the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

Joint degeneration and dystrophy observed in some subjects exposed to low-dose radiation after the Chernobyl accident is accompanied with more active production of lipid peroxidation products. This overproduction is corrected by combined sulfurated hydrogen balneotherapy and magnetophoresis of vitamin E on the affected joints.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Frequencies of unstable chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Chernobyl emergency accident workers.

On the basis of the investigation of unstable chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Chernobyl accident emergency workers, of residents of the contaminated areas, of patients with blood diseases and of donor's blood irradiated in vitro it is stated that presence of unstable chromosome aberrations such as dicentrics in lymphocytes of emergency workers and residents indicates that they have been overexposed. However, in the absence of the described aberrations in individuals involved in emergency work or in residents years after accident it is impossible to reject the overexposure.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The possibilities of using biological dosimetry methods for the retrospective assessment of dosages in relation to the sequelae of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station. An assessment of the dosages based on an analysis of unstable chromosome aberrations].

The problem of retrospective dose assessment in connection with the Chernobyl accident is discussed. Existing methods of dose quantification based on the analysis of unstable aberrations in blood lymphocytes are discussed in details. Starting from the own data it is concluded that unstable aberration technique could not be applied to verify individual doses for ameliorators as well as for inhabitants of contaminated areas.

Chromatin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The possibilities of using biological dosimetry methods for the retrospective assessment of dosages in relation to the sequelae of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station. An assessment of the dosages based on an analysis of stable chromosome aberrations].

The problem of retrospective dose assessment in connection with the Chernobyl accident is discussed. Reasons justifying the applicability and advantages of technique based on the analysis of stable aberrations in blood lymphocytes are given. Two modern methods for registration aberrations of these registration, namely fluorescence in situ hybridization and full karyotyping of G-banded chromosomes are considered in details.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The results of a cytogenetic examination performed in different years on those who worked in the cleanup of the aftermath of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

Persons participated in the Chernobyl accident amelioration in the years of 1986-1987 were examined cytogenetically either in 1987 (group 1) or in 1990-1992 (group 2). The frequency of chromosome aberrations in cultured peripheral lymphocytes is found to be significantly lower in group 2 in comparison with group 1, being increased in both exposed groups as compared to the control one. The data are obtained in favour of hypothesis on chromosome instability of exposed individuals. On the base of cytogenetic data the collective dose received by amelioraters was calculated.

Adult↗