Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Biodegradable Delivery Systems”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,117 records · Page 62Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Continuous delivery of endogenous inhibitors from poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) polymeric microspheres inhibits glioma tumor growth.

PURPOSE: There is an urgent need for modalities that can localize and prolong the administration of the antitumor agents, particularly antiangiogenic, to achieve long-term tumor inhibition. However, one of the major obstacles is designing a device in which the biological activity of sensitive endogenous inhibitors is retained. We have designed a biodegradable polymeric device, which provides a unique and practical means of localizing and continuously delivering hemopexin (PEX) or platelet factor 4 fragment (PF-4/CTF) at the tumor site while maintaining their biological activity. The potential and efficacy of this system is shown in vitro and in vivo in a human glioma mouse model. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Polymeric microspheres made of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) were loaded with very low amounts of PEX and PF-4/CTF. The release profiles of these factors from PLGA and their biological activity were confirmed in vitro using proliferation assays done on endothelial and tumor cells. Tumor inhibition using this system was studied in nude mice bearing a human s.c. glioma. RESULTS: PEX and PF-4/CTF released in vitro from PLGA microspheres were biologically active and significantly inhibited the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, bovine capillary endothelial cells, and U87-MG cells. A single local s.c. injection of PLGA microspheres loaded with low amounts of PEX or PF-4/CTF resulted in an 88% and 95% reduction in glioma tumor volume 30 days post-treatment. Immunohistochemical analysis of the treated tumors showed a marked decrease in tumor vessel density compared with untreated tumors. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that polymeric microspheres are a very promising approach to locally and efficiently deliver endogenous inhibitors to the tumor site leading to a significant inhibition of the tumor.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Local delivery of platelets with encapsulated iloprost to balloon injured pig carotid arteries: effect on platelet deposition and neointima formation.

Local delivery of a drug to the arterial wall during angioplasty is an approach which might reduce the incidence of occlusive events such as thrombosis and restenosis, without the risk of systemic side effects. By exploiting their natural primary haemostatic properties, platelets, with encapsulated drugs, can be targeted to a vessel wall injury site and act as a depot for sustained release. The platelet plasma membrane can be reversibly permeabilised by high voltage, short duration electrical pulses (electroporation). Drugs will diffuse into porated platelets and become trapped on resealing. We have studied the effects of autologous platelets, electroloaded with the stable prostacyclin analogue, iloprost on platelet deposition and neointima formation in a pig carotid angioplasty model. Iloprost loaded or control platelets were delivered locally and immediately to the balloon injured site using a double balloon delivery catheter. Acute platelet deposition was measured using 111-Indium, and neointima formation at 21 days post angioplasty was assessed by morphometric analysis. In pigs treated with iloprost loaded platelets, platelet deposition on the artery at 2 hours post injury was dramatically reduced (to approximately monolayer coverage), when compared with arteries from pigs treated with control platelets. In pigs with deeply injured arteries, i.e. with extensively ruptured internal elastic lamina (IEL), platelet deposition was reduced by 88% compared with control arteries (118 +/- 20 x 10(6)/cm vs. 14 +/- 2 x 10(6)/cm, means +/- SI, 2P < 0.001). In minimally injured arteries (IEL intact) a 65% reduction in platelet deposition was observed (55 +/- 24 x 10(6)/cm vs. 19 +/- 3 x 10(6)/cm. 2P < 0.002). A high concentration of free iloprost, delivered to the angioplasty site, with control platelets, had far less effect on platelet deposition, substantiating the advantage of platelet encapsulation. At 21 days post injury, morphometry of the carotid arteries after treatment with iloprost loaded platelets showed significant reductions in intimal area and intimal/medial ratios in minimally injured vessels (P < 0.05) as compared with vessels from pigs treated with control platelets. With deeply injured vessels, the mean differences (control vs. treated) for the same morphometric parameters were not significant. This novel approach of electro-encapsulating drugs within autologous platelets, and using them as highly biocompatible and biodegradable drug targeting vehicles might, with the appropriate choice of encapsulated agent, have potential for reducing the incidence of occlusion after angioplasty and thrombolysis procedures.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Engineering Pseudomonas fluorescens for biodegradation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene.

Using the genes encoding the 2,4-dinitrotoluene degradation pathway enzymes, the nonpathogenic psychrotolerant rhizobacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 17400 was genetically modified for degradation of this priority pollutant. First, a recombinant strain designated MP was constructed by conjugative transfer from Burkholderia sp. strain DNT of the pJS1 megaplasmid, which contains the dnt genes for 2,4-dinitrotoluene degradation. This strain was able to grow on 2,4-dinitrotoluene as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy at levels equivalent to those of Burkholderia sp. strain DNT. Nevertheless, loss of the 2,4-dinitrotoluene degradative phenotype was observed for strains carrying pJS1. The introduction of dnt genes into the P.fluorescens ATCC 17400 chromosome, using a suicide chromosomal integration Tn5-based delivery plasmid system, generated a degrading strain that was stable for a long time, which was designated RE. This strain was able to use 2,4-dinitrotoluene as a sole nitrogen source and to completely degrade this compound as a cosubstrate. Furthermore, P. fluorescens RE, but not Burkholderia sp. strain DNT, was capable of degrading 2,4-dinitrotoluene at temperatures as low as 10 degrees C. Finally, the presence of P. fluorescens RE in soils containing levels of 2,4-dinitrotoluene lethal to plants significantly decreased the toxic effects of this nitro compound on Arabidopsis thaliana growth. Using synthetic medium culture, P. fluorescens RE was found to be nontoxic for A.thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum, whereas under these conditions Burkholderia sp. strain DNT inhibited A.thaliana seed germination and was lethal to plants. These features reinforce the advantageous environmental robustness of P. fluorescens RE compared with Burkholderia sp. strain DNT.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗
PubMed2001

Polyesters from microorganisms.

Bacterial polyesters have been found to have useful properties for applications as thermoplastics, elastomers, and adhesives and are biodegradable and biocompatible. Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) (PHAs) and poly(beta-malate) are the most representative polyesters synthesized by microorganisms. PHAs containing a wide variety of repeating units can be produced by bacteria, including those containing many types of pendant functional groups which can be synthesized by microorganisms that are grown on unnatural organic substrates. Poly(beta-malate) is of interest primarily for medical applications, especially for drug delivery systems. In this chapter, the bacterial production and properties of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) and poly(beta-malate) are described with emphasis on the former.

Acyltransferases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Modification of the initial release of a highly water-soluble drug from ethyl cellulose microspheres.

The aim of this study was to develop a microspherical dosage form for a highly water-soluble drug, fenoterol HBr, by using the water insoluble, non-biodegradable polymer, ethyl cellulose. Fenoterol HBr was used as a model drug, based on its pharmacokinetic properties, i.e. the short half-life, incomplete absorption from the gastrointestinal tract due to the first pass effect. Three factors, the initial amount of drug, the volume of non-solvent (petroleum benzin) and the stirring speed of homogenizer, were varied during microsphere preparation. The release of fenoterol HBr from these microparticulate delivery systems was compared, and a possible release mechanism was proposed. The encapsulation efficiency of the drug, the morphology and the particle size of the microspheres were also investigated. The oil-in-oil solvent evaporation method efficiently encapsulated fenoterol HBr in these ethyl cellulose microspheres. A significant increase in the encapsulation efficiency of fenoterol was observed when the drug/polymer ratio was decreased from 15% to 5% (p < 0.05). The particle size of microparticles was in the range of 10-250 microm, and most microspheres had a particle size smaller than 100 microm. Only the volume of petroleum benzin showed a significant effect on the particle size of prepared microspheres (p < 0.05). Both the initial drug loading and the addition of nonsolvent significantly affected the initial release of fenoterol from the ethyl cellulose microspheres. The diffusion-controlled release followed by a constant release was exhibited in these microspheres.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed2002

Use of polymer mats in series for sequential reactive barrier remediation of ammonium-contaminated groundwater: laboratory column evaluation.

Large-scale column experiments were undertaken to evaluate the potential of in situ polymer mats (installed in series) to be used as permeable reactive barriers for delivery of oxidants and reductants to induce sequential bioremediation of ammonium-contaminated groundwater (approximately 120mg L(-1) NH4+-N), without bioaugmentation. The strategy was for the first group of polymer mats to deliver oxygen to induce bacterial nitrification of the ammonium to nitrite/ nitrate as the groundwater moved past and for the second group of polymer mats to deliver hydrogen or ethanol, to induce bacterial denitrification of the nitrite/nitrate to produce nitrogen gas. Once purging of the first polymer mat commenced, ammonium concentrations decreased downgradient from the polymer mats. Nitrification rates increased and stabilized over the 6-month experiment, with stable nitrification half-lives in the range 0.07-0.25 days. Nitrification most likely occurred in a biologically active zone at the polymer wall/aqueous interface. With hydrogen delivery via the polymer mats, a denitrification half-life (nitrate plus nitrite removal) of 3.5 days was induced. Denitrification rates were significantly enhanced when ethanol was delivered via a polymer mat, with denitrification half-lives in the range of 0.12-0.34 days. Nitrification/ denitrification rates were maintained for groundwater flow rates up to 300 m yr(-1), suggesting oxygen and ethanol delivery rates via the polymer mats were sufficient not to limit nitrification or denitrification. In soil columns, the polymer mat delivery system provided an effective and reliable technique for delivery of oxygen and hydrogen or ethanol for sequential nitrification/denitrification of ammonium-contaminated groundwater. Scale-up of this concept to a field pilot-scale is currently underway.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thermogelling biodegradable copolymer aqueous solutions for injectable protein delivery and tissue engineering.

This paper reports on the thermogelling, biodegradable polymer formulations based on poly(DL-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid)/(poly(ethylene glycol) graft copolymers for in vivo biomedical applications using animal models. The description includes diabetic control by sustained insulin delivery and cartilage repair by chondrocyte cell delivery. With one injection of the poly(DL-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid)/(poly(ethylene glycol) graft copolymers insulin formulation, the blood glucose level could be controlled from 5 to 16 days in diabetic rats by varying the polymer composition. The cartilage defect was notably repaired using chondrocyte suspension in the thermogelling PLGA-g-PEG compared with a control. This report shows that thermogelling biodegradable PLGA/PEG graft copolymer system can be a promising platform for protein and cell-based therapy.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed1999

Polyrotaxanes: synthesis, structure, and potential in drug delivery.

This article reviews the potential of polyrotaxanes in drug delivery with the historical background of polyrotaxane syntheses. Pseudopolyrotaxanes and polyrotaxanes, including classifications, synthetic methods, structures and physical properties are discussed in the first section. The second section provides our concept of drug carriers using drug-polyrotaxane conjugates in comparison with conventional drug-polymer conjugates. The third and fourth sections describe the synthetic method for biodegradable polyrotaxanes, the conjugation with drugs, and their association under physiological conditions. The fifth section discusses other possibilities for the polyrotaxanes such as drug penetration enhancers. These studies suggest the potential of polyrotaxanes in pharmaceutical applications.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Development of an injectable, in situ crosslinkable, degradable polymeric carrier for osteogenic cell populations. Part 3. Proliferation and differentiation of encapsulated marrow stromal osteoblasts cultured on crosslinking poly(propylene fumarate).

This study investigated the effect of temporary encapsulation of rat marrow stromal osteoblasts in crosslinked gelatin microparticles on long-term cell proliferation and phenotypic expression for microparticles placed on crosslinking poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) composites using N-vinyl pyrollidinone (N-VP) as a crosslinking agent over a 28 day time period. Encapsulated cells (ECs) were seeded on actively crosslinking PPF composites 6 min after initiation of the crosslinking reaction, and also on fully crosslinked PPF composites and tissue culture polystyrene controls, with a cell seeding density of 5.3 x 10(4) cells/cm2. Composites prepared with three PPF:N-VP ratios were examined: 1:0.5, 1:0.1, and 1:0.05. Samples were taken at specified time points and analyzed by DNA, 3H-thymidine, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and calcium assays, and the measurements were compared with those for nonencapsulated cells (NCs). The results showed that encapsulated marrow stromal cells exhibited much higher viability, proliferation, and phenotypic expression when placed on crosslinking PPF composites than NCs. The assay results for ECs on crosslinking PPF composites were also similar to those on fully crosslinked PPF composites. The data further demonstrated that the PPF:N-VP ratio had no effect on the viability, proliferation, or phenotypic expression of the ECs. These results suggest that cells encapsulated in crosslinked gelatin microparticles may be part of an injectable, in situ crosslinkable, biodegradable polymeric composite for bone tissue engineering applications.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2005

In vitro characterization of leukocyte mimetic for targeting therapeutics to the endothelium using two receptors.

Selectins (E- and P-selectin) and other endothelial expressed leukocyte adhesion molecules (ELAMs) are potential targets for site-specific delivery of therapeutics to the vascular endothelium due to their specific and highly regulated expression in vascular disease. It was recently shown that degradable microspheres coated with antibodies against E-selectin or other ELAMs can target inflammation in vivo. However, targeting ELAMs alone cannot differentiate between normal and diseased state, as a basal level of these LAMs are expressed on endothelium in healthy tissues. Furthermore, leukocytes usually employ two separate adhesion molecules in parallel to home to diseased tissues, and we recently quantified the advantages of a two-receptor display for the targeting of leukocyte mimetics (Eniola AO, Willcox PJ, Hammer DA. Interplay between rolling and firm adhesion elucidated with a cell-free system engineered with two distinct receptor-ligand pairs. Biophys J 2003;85:2720-31). Here, we describe a leukocyte mimetic for targeting therapeutics to the vasculature in inflammatory diseases via two receptors, selectin and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), where biodegradable, polymer microspheres were co-functionalized with the selectin ligand, sialyl Lewis(X) (sLe(X)), and an antibody against ICAM-1, anti-ICAM-1 (aICAM-1). These two-receptor targeted particles, at given ratios of sLe(X)/aICAM-1, firmly adhere to substrate surface in flow only when both targeting ligands can interact with their respective receptors, mimicking the multi-step in vivo leukocyte adhesion in inflammation. Thus, we have faithfully recreated the specificity and extent of leukocyte adhesion in a platform that can allow for local delivery of therapeutics.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Biodegradable polymeric microparticles for drug delivery and vaccine formulation: the surface attachment of hydrophilic species using the concept of poly(ethylene glycol) anchoring segments.

Poly(ethylene glycol)-dextran (PEG-DEX) conjugates have been used as a combined stabilizer and surface modifier to produce resorbable poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) microparticles by an emulsification/solvent evaporation technique. The use of PEG or dextran polymers alone was incapable of producing microparticles. Particle size measurements revealed smaller mean particle sizes (480 nm) and improved polydispersity when using a 1.2% PEG substituted conjugate relative to a 9% substituted material (680 nm). PLG microparticles modified by post-adsorbed PEG-DEX conjugates flocculated in 0.01 M salt solutions, whereas PLG microparticles prepared using PEG-DEX as a surfactant were stable in at least 0.5 M NaCl solutions. Surface modification of PLG microparticles was confirmed by zeta potential measurements and surface analysis using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The presence of surface exposed dextran was confirmed by an immunological detection method using a dextran-specific antiserum in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The findings support a model in which the PEG component of the PEG-DEX conjugate provides an anchor to the microparticle surface while the dextran component extends from the particle surface to contribute a steric stabilization function. This approach offers opportunities for attaching hydrophilic species such as targeting moieties to biodegradable microparticles to improve the interaction of drug carriers and vaccines with specific tissue sites.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed2002

Biodegradable microparticles for the controlled delivery of oligonucleotides.

Microspheres allowing the controlled release of the model oligonucleotide pdT16 were designed. The oligonucleotide, alone or associated with polyethylenimine (PEI) at different nitrogen/phosphate ratios, was encapsulated within poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres prepared by the multiple emulsion-solvent evaporation technique. The introduction of PEI in the internal aqueous phase resulted in a strong increase of the oligonucleotide encapsulation efficiency. PEI affected also microsphere morphology inducing the formation of very porous particles and yielding to an accelerated release of pdT16. However, when incubated with HeLa cells, microspheres encapsulating pdT16/PEI complexes allowed an improvement of the intracellular penetration of the released oligonucleotide. The developed strategy appears to be a very interesting tool to obtain a sustained release system for oligonucleotides with an efficient cellular delivery.

Delayed-Action Preparations↗
PubMed1990

Development of radioimmunoassay for a potent luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonist. Evaluation of serum levels after injection of [Ac-3-(2-naphthyl)-D-Ala1, D-Phe(pCl)2, 3-(3-pyridyl)-D-Ala3, D-Cit6, D-Ala10] LHRH.

Highly potent antagonistic analogs of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), free of edematogenic effects have been developed. These analogs proved to be potent inhibitors of LH, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and sex steroid levels in animals and human beings. The clinical utility of these compounds would be greatly enhanced by a sustained delivery system, capable of maintaining therapeutic peptide levels in blood over an extended period of time. Consequently, long acting formulations of microcapsules were prepared from one of the most potent antagonists, [Ac-3-(2-naphthyl)-D-Ala1, D-Phe (pCl)2, 3-(3-pyridyl)-D-Ala3, D-Cit6, D-Ala10] LHRH (SB-75). The microcapsules consisted of 2% w/w SB-75 in poly-DL-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA), a biocompatible, biodegradable polymer. To facilitate pharmacokinetic studies necessary for experimental and clinical investigation of the microencapsulated analog, a highly sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay was developed. The antibody against SB-75 was generated in rabbits. No significant cross-reaction could be detected with several natural peptides and analogs tested. The sensitivity of the assay is 0.6 pg/tube. The RIA is suitable for direct determination of SB-75 level in 20 microliters serum. The two lots of SB-75 microcapsules exhibited different pharmacokinetic release patterns. Single intramuscular injection of 20 mg SB-75 microcapsules, PLGA batch No. 001, into female rats maintained elevated serum SB-75 levels for three weeks. The suppression of LH secretion during this period was indicated by histological findings. The ovaries in the treated group were polyfollicular and no corpora lutea were present, indicating a prolonged ovarian inactivity due to LH deprivation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Targeted delivery of antibiotics using liposomes and nanoparticles: research and applications.

This review examines current technologies for increasing the bioavailability of antibiotics by means of liposomes or nanoparticles. The main focus is on liposomes. These carriers were preferentially developed because their composition is compatible with biological constituents. Biodegradable polymers in the form of colloidal particles have also been used and show promise for future applications in antimicrobial chemotherapy. The in vivo behaviour of both types of carriers and consequently their therapeutic potential, are determined by their route of administration. Conventional carrier strategies permit the mononuclear phagocyte system to be targeted by intravenous injection of antibiotics. Stealthy strategies avoid major uptake by these cells and extend the systemic presence of these carriers. The purpose of this review is to provide background information in antibiotic targeting gathered from papers published over the last twenty years. It seems clear that such drug carriers (liposomes, nanoparticles) allow increased drug concentration at infected sites but reduce drug toxicity.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A combined strategy to reduce restenosis for vascular tissue engineering applications.

Biodegradable polymers including poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) have been used to develop cardiovascular prostheses such as vascular grafts and stents. However, implant-associated thrombosis, inflammation, and restenosis are still major obstacles for the utility of these devices. The lack of an endothelial cell (EC) lining (endothelialization) on the implants and the responses of the immune systems toward the implants have been associated with these complications. In our research strategy, we have combined the drug delivery principle with the strategies of tissue engineering, the controlled release of anti-inflammation drugs and enhanced endothelialization, to reduce the implant-associated adverse responses. We first integrated curcumin, an anti-inflammatory drug and anti-smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferative drug, with PLLA. This curcumin-loaded PLLA material was then modified using adsorptive coating of adhesive proteins such as fibronectin, collagen-I, vitronectin, laminin, and matrigel to improve the endothelial cell (EC) adhesion and proliferation, and ECs were seeded on top of these modified surfaces. Our results showed steady drug release kinetics over the period of 50 days from curcumin-loaded PLLA materials. Additionally, integration of curcumin in PLLA increased the roughness of the scaffold at the nanometric scale using an atomic force microscopic analysis. Moreover, coating with fibronectin on curcumin-loaded PLLA surfaces gave the highest EC adhesion and proliferation compared to other adhesive proteins using PicoGreen DNA assays. The ability of our strategy to release the curcumin for producing anti-inflammation and anti-proliferation responses and to improve EC adhesion and growth after EC seeding suggests this strategy may reduce implant-associated adverse responses and be a better approach for vascular tissue engineering applications.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed1992

Inhibition of heterotopic osteogenesis in rats by a new bioerodible system for local delivery of indomethacin.

A study was done to evaluate the effect of a system for the local delivery of indomethacin on demineralized bone-induced formation of heterotopic bone in the abdominal muscles of rats. Two separate investigations were conducted on a total of forty-eight Wistar rats. In both series, two types of implants were used: polyorthoester and demineralized bone (Group A, the control group) and polyorthoester with 5 per cent indomethacin and demineralized bone (Group B, the experimental group). In the first series, host-tissue responses and osteoinduction were evaluated histologically at two, three, and four weeks after the implantation. In the second series, the formation of bone was quantified on the basis of uptake of 85Sr at four weeks after the implantation. The polyorthoester system for the local delivery of indomethacin significantly inhibited demineralized bone-induced heterotopic formation of bone, as demonstrated by light microscopy and by uptake of 85Sr. The polyorthoester, with or without the drug, caused little tissue reaction and was resorbed almost completely at four weeks.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1998

Bioerodible polymers for ocular drug delivery.

Development of ophthalmic drug-delivery systems has always been challenging. The commonly used route for drug delivery to the anterior segment of the eye has been the conjunctival cul-de-sac. Because of drawbacks associated with this route, new approaches have been investigated for delivery of drugs to the eye by means of polymeric delivery systems. Development of controlled drug-release devices has been a major step forward in this respect. Bioerodible polymers have been at the forefront of such systems. They are very important because they eliminate the need for removing the implant after complete drug release. Bioerodible polymers have been divided into three classes based on their mechanism of hydrolysis: Type I--hydrolysis of crosslinked hydrogels; Type II--solubilization by ionization or hydrolysis of linear polymers; and Type III--biodegradation by backbone cleavage. Polymers from all three classes are discussed in detail in this review.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

An ex vivo characterization of Paclitaxel loaded chitosan films after implantation in mice.

The objective of present investigation was the characterization of chitosan films after in vivo implantation. Chitosan films were prepared at three dose loadings of paclitaxel by classical casting method. They were implanted subcutaneously in Swiss mice in the neck region and were removed at 7, 15, 21 and 30 days post implantation for characterization. In vitro release studies on explanted films were done to observe the influence of the time of implantation and loading on paclitaxel release, which were correlated with amount of paclitaxel remaining in films. Residual amount of paclitaxel remaining in explanted films decreased with increase in loading i.e. after 30 days, the % residual content of drug at 25, 20 and 15 mg loadings (per film) were 13, 20 and 45 % of the initial loading. The in vivo release of paclitaxel from films with higher loadings was higher, indicating that paclitaxel, per se, altered biodegradation of chitosan. Light microscopy and SEM studies of films removed from mice provided qualitative information on the loss of integrity and biodegradation of films with time. Further, FTIR and ATR-FTIR spectra revealed the changes in the film matrix that occur after implantation.

Animals↗