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At least 1,117 records · Page 62Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Clinical and demographic data concordance comparing authorizations for high-complexity oncological procedures and patient records of women treated under the Unified National Health System in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil].

This study investigates the concordance of clinical and demographic data under the Unified National Health System (SUS) in Brazil, comparing authorizations for high-complexity oncological procedures in breast cancer with a random sample of 310 corresponding medical records in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Concordance was verified using kappa (K), prevalence-adjusted bias-adjusted kappa (PABAK), weighted-kappa (KW), intra-class correlation (ICC), and relative frequency statistics. 95% confidence intervals were estimated, and Landis and Koch criteria were applied for concordance interpretation. Assuming PABAK as the most appropriate statistic for the variables analyzed, we observed a moderate concordance for cancer staging, PABAK = 0.63 (95%CI: 0.56-0.70), and for morphological diagnosis, PABAK = 0.84 (95%CI: 0.72-0.96). For date of birth and date of diagnosis, ICCs were 0.96 (95%CI: 0.95-0.96) and 0.92 (95%CI: 0.90-0.94), respectively. Concordance regarding municipality of residence was 52.9%. The study indicates that, except for municipality of residence, the data concordance comparing authorizations for procedures and patient medical records in Rio de Janeiro allows its application to epidemiological and health services research, as well as for health planning purposes.

Brazil↗
PubMed2006

Perception of health state and the use of vignettes to calibrate for socioeconomic status: results of the World Health Survey in Brazil, 2003.

As part of the World Health Organization (WHO) project focused on assessing the performance of national health systems, the World Health Survey (WHS) was carried out in many member countries. In order to enable comparison of self-rated health between different cultures of the same country or between different nations, the WHS questionnaire included vignettes of sample cases, that is, hypothetical stories that describe the health problems of third parties. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the possibility of using vignette ratings to implement a socioeconomic calibration scale for self-rated health in Brazil. Using Brazilian WHS data, perceptions of state of health, measured through two different strategies (self-rating and vignette-rating), were compared. The effects of socioeconomic status (educational level and number of household assets) on health domain ratings were estimated via multiple regression models, controlled for age and sex. The effects of socioeconomic status were significant for the majority of health domains in the case of self-perception, but statistically null in the case of third party ratings. It is concluded that the WHO vignettes are not appropriate for calibrating self-rated health measures in Brazil.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Use of psychoactive drugs by health sciences undergraduate students at the Federal University in Amazonas, Brazil].

A survey was conducted with 521 undergraduate health sciences students from the Federal University in Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil. Lifetime alcohol consumption was reported by 87.7% students, as compared to 30.7% for tobacco, with the latter reported more frequently by males (39.7%). The most common illicit drugs were solvents (11.9%), marijuana (9.4%), amphetamines and anxiolytics (9.2% each), cocaine (2.1%), and hallucinogens (1.2%). The main reason for illicit drug use was curiosity. Lifetime use of anabolic steroids was reported by 2.1% of the students. Alcohol abuse in the previous 30 days was reported by 12.4% of the students. Events following drinking included: fights (4.7%), accidents (2.4%), classroom absenteeism (33.7%), and job absenteeism (11.8%). Another important finding was that 47.3% of students drove after drinking. Opinions on drug abuse and patterns agree with those from similar studies in other regions of Brazil.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Middle-class teenage sexuality and pregnancy in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil].

The subject of this paper is teenage pregnancy among middle-class youth, a topic not sufficiently studied in Brazil. The paper is based on a qualitative, socio-anthropological study of 14 middle-class families in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, whose children have remained single, living with their parents after the child's birth. A total of 25 in-depth interviews were conducted with 6 young men and 7 young women, ages 18 to 24, and their parents (11 mothers, one father), to examine the event in retrospect and its impact on these young people and their families. Three aspects are analyzed: difficulties young people face in internalizing contraception as a norm; late discovery of pregnancy; and how the decision to either have an abortion or give birth is made by young people and their parents. This research allows seeing teenage pregnancy as an event that hinges on the process of constructing a young person's autonomy, in which sexuality plays a prominent role. Concluding, the phenomenon should be analyzed in a specific historical and cultural context, with changes over the decades in the rules underlying the process of individualization among young people.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed2006

[Geographic distribution of physicians in Brazil: an analysis based on a locational choice model].

The primary aim of this study was to analyze the geographic distribution of physicians among the Regions and States of Brazil using a locational choice model. Our individual data analysis showed a positive relationship between the number of physicians per 1,000 inhabitants in a State and the number of places in residency programs. Thus, the concentration of residency programs in some States has contributed to the unequal distribution of physicians in Brazil. There are also significant differences in physicians' income between Regions.

Brazil↗
PubMed2006

[Neonatal screening for hemoglobinopathies: a one-year experience in the public health system in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil].

Hemoglobinopathies are the most common inherited disorders in humans; the most frequent are hemoglobins S and C (Hb S and Hb C). Studies in Brazil show the high prevalence of Hb S and Hb C heterozygotes, indicating the need for diagnosis to allow medical care and suitable genetic counseling. This study evaluates the prevalence of hemoglobin patterns in different areas of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, using neonatal data from the public health system. Blood samples from 117,320 newborns, obtained by heel stick, and 2,389 blood samples from parents of newborns, obtained by venopuncture, were submitted to IEF and HPLC. Among the newborns, 1,629 (1.4%) showed abnormal hemoglobin patterns: 1,342 FAS; 225 FAC; 45 FAD; 2 FSC; 1 FS and 26 variant hemoglobin heterozygotes. We conclude that the methods used are able to identify a broad variety of hemoglobin patterns with high specificity and sensitivity. The information is of paramount importance for transmitting knowledge in the public health field, besides facilitating planning and resource allocation.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed2006

Dental fluorosis in Brazil: a systematic review from 1993 to 2004.

The current article proposes a reflection on several aspect pertaining to dental fluorosis in Brazil, based on a systematic review of epidemiological surveys. The authors assess the prevalence and degrees of severity found in different studies and show that in methodological terms, there is a need for progress in procedures for population-based studies on fluorosis. Despite the different data collection approaches, there is some consensus among the different studies as to the limited severity of fluorosis in Brazil, as well as its association with the independent variables age and socioeconomic status. The authors also highlight the importance of adding subjective aspects to the normative diagnosis as a contribution to public health policy decisions, since the use of exclusively clinical criteria gives dental fluorosis more space than society ascribes to it. There is a lack of empirical evidence to reassess the fluoride content in public water supplies, a method that is known to be necessary to improve dental caries epidemiological indicators.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[The Unified National Health System and public policies: psychological care for menopausal women in the Federal District, Brazil].

This study focused on psychological care for middle-aged women in public health services in the Federal District (Brasilia), Brazil. The article discusses women's health and more specifically menopause and its place in Brazilian public health policies. The survey confirmed the lack of psychological support for menopausal women. In most cases only outpatient medical care was offered. No psychologist had been designated in any of the units surveyed to assist these women. The study concludes that this period of women's life has failed to receive psychological care in Brazil, thus neglecting the principles of the Unified National Health System. Menopausal women deserve comprehensive health care, including attention to conflicts related to biological, psychological, and socio-cultural dimensions of aging, thus contributing to the process of working through maturity.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Use of body mass index to evaluate the nutritional status of Xavánte Indigenous adults, Sangradouro-Volta Grande, Mato Grosso State, Central Brazil].

This study evaluates the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and anthropometric measurements in Xavánte adults on the Sangradouro-Volta Grande Indian Reservation, Mato Grosso State, Central Brazil. The objective was to analyze the use of BMI as an indicator of nutritional status in this specific population. Fieldwork was conducted in January-February 1999. Data include body mass, height, arm, hip, and waist circumference, and triceps skinfold of 128 adults over 20 years of age. The results indicate high correlations (r > 0.80) between BMI and body mass and waist and mid upper arm circumference for both sexes. For women, fat arm area and total arm area were also highly correlated with BMI, while for men hip circumference and total arm area showed a high correlation with BMI. The results suggest that high BMI values are related to excess fat among the Xavánte. It is important to monitor changes in the nutritional status of indigenous peoples in Brazil, since there is evidence that such populations are undergoing rapid processes of nutritional transition.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Prevalence and factors associated with vitamin A deficiency in preschool children from Teresina, Piauí, Brazil].

Vitamin A deficiency is a public health problem in the Northeast of Brazil. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency and associated factors among preschool children in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. We studied the serum retinol levels and socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of 631 children from 36 to 83 months of age. The statistical association between each of the above characteristics and serum retinol levels was investigated by univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis. Mean serum retinol was 1.21 mmol/L (95%CI: 1.17-1.25 micromol/L) and was independent of gender (p = 0.259). Prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (retinol < 0.69 micromol/L) was 15.4% (95%CI: 12.7-18.4), with a tendency to decrease with age. Acceptable but not adequate retinol levels (0.70 to 1.04 micromol/L) were observed in 29% of children (95%CI: 25.2-32.4). There were positive associations between retinol levels and age, income, vitamin A supplementation, and maternal schooling. Vitamin A deficiency appeared as a moderately serious public health problem, emphasizing the importance of strategies to combat this problem in the region.

Brazil↗
PubMed2006

[Trends in oral cancer mortality in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, 1980-2002].

The current study assessed trends in oral cancer mortality in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, from 1980 to 2002. The official mortality information system supplied data on deaths whose underlying cause was classified as oral cancer, stratified by sex, age, and anatomic site. Death rates were estimated and adjusted by the direct method, using population data supplied by national censuses from 1980, 1991, and 2000 and a population count performed in 1996. There was an upward trend in overall cancer mortality, at a yearly rate of 0.72%. Accounting for more than one third of these deaths, tongue cancer was the main mortality category. Labial, gengival, and retromolar cancer showed a downward trend, while oropharyngeal cancer and cancer in unspecified parts of the mouth and oropharynx showed increasing mortality. Monitoring the magnitude and trends in cancer mortality can assist the planning of health initiatives aimed at reducing the disease burden from oral cancer in Brazil.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Suicide attempts recorded at a general hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil].

Previous suicide attempts are an important predictor of both repeated attempts and suicide. This paper presents the profile of patients who had attempted suicide and were admitted to a general hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. From April 2001 to March 2002, 160 suicide attempts were recorded (68% women; 26% adolescents). Ingestion of pesticides and prescription drugs were the two most common methods used. The two methods had been used by similar numbers of women, while two-thirds of men had used pesticides. As for prevalence of factors associated with attempted suicide, 21% of patients had been in contact with health services within 30 days prior to the event, 28% mentioned previous suicide attempts, and 23% reported other cases of suicide or attempts in the family. Despite the limited data in Brazil, suicide attempts appear to be an important health problem, particularly among youth. Surveillance systems for suicide attempts could help expand knowledge on this problem.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[A study on organ transplantation waiting lines in Brazil's Unified National Health System].

This study analyzes the waiting lines for solid organ transplants in Brazil's Unified National Health System. By using a queuing theory model, we estimate the waiting times for different organs under alternative scenarios. The model reveals the elasticity of various waiting times with respect to arrival and service rates for organ transplantation within the system. Average waiting time for a solid organ transplant is very long and highly elastic in Brazil. The article discusses some important possibilities for reducing such waiting times.

Brazil↗
PubMed2006

[Public production of medicines in Brazil: an overview].

This paper analyzes the role of government production of medicines in Brazil, based on a review of the literature and public documents. It begins by examining the main characteristics of the national and international pharmaceutical industry and market dimensions, mainly in the public sector. The government view was examined through Ministry of Health documents. The article concludes with a diagnosis of the state-owned pharmaceutical industry in Brazil, showing a variety of difficulties faced by the laboratories due to political and institutional constraints, management deficiencies, shortage of qualified human resources, and low technological capability.

Brazil↗
PubMed2006

[Maternal mortality among black women in Brazil].

Every minute a woman dies in the world due to labor or complications of pregnancy. Maternal mortality is a public health problem in Brazil and affects the country's various regions unequally. Researchers agree that maternal death occurs mainly in women with lower income and less schooling. The racial issue emerges in the midst of socioeconomic issues. The analysis is hampered by the difficulty in understanding Brazil's official classification of race/color, which often impedes recording this information. Various Maternal Mortality Committees are applying the color item and reviewing their data. The current article analyzes various Maternal Mortality Committee reports, showing that the risk of maternal mortality is greater among black women (which encompasses two census categories, negra, or black, and parda, or brown), thus representing a major expression of social inequality. The article concludes with a review of political and technical recommendations to decrease maternal mortality.

Black People↗
PubMed2006

[Evaluation of coverage by a neonatal screening program for hemoglobinopathies in the Recôncavo region of Bahia, Brazil].

In 2001, government ruling n. MS 822/01 by the Brazilian Ministry of Health made neonatal screening mandatory for hemoglobinopathies, with special focus on sickle cell disease, the most common hemoglobinopathy in Brazil. Bahia is the State of Brazil with the highest prevalence of this disease. The current paper reports on the prevalence of hemoglobin variants HbS and HbC, which cause sickle cell disease, in the cities of Cachoeira, Maragogipe, and São Félix, Bahia State. The overall proportion of carriers for the two forms of hemoglobin was 13%. From 2001 to 2003, the neonatal screening rate decreased from 82.6% to 46.4% in Cachoeira and increased from 37.0% to 56.2% in Maragogipe. Thus, only about one-half of children are being tested in these cities. The findings show that the public health care system in these cities is poorly prepared to screen for sickle cell disease in newborns and that there was a lack of health care personnel to follow up on newly diagnosed sickle cell patients or carriers of the sickle cell trait.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Birth defects in Brazil and health care: proposals for public policies in clinical genetics].

The impact of birth defects in Brazil has increased steadily, indicating the need for specific health policy strategies. Despite the close relationship between clinical genetics and management of birth defects, less than 30% of the total demand is currently met by existing genetic services. The main problems are: difficult access to genetic services, services highly concentrated in the South and Southeast regions of the country, and insufficient laboratory support. With the aim of improving management of birth defects, a specific national policy coordinated by the Ministry of Health needs to be developed. The main goal of such a policy should be the organization of a functional integrated genetics network, in addition to rational use of resources and enhanced coverage. In order to formalize a national laboratory network, sample shipping and billing mechanisms must be created. Birth defect prevention, education for the medical community and general population, and solid epidemiological data collection are strongly recommended as complementary measures. If such recommendations are implemented, it could be possible to organize a network for management of birth defects in Brazil that is regionalized, hierarchical, functional, and democratic as well.

Brazil↗
PubMed2007

[The Unified National Health System and the third sector: Characterization of non-hospital facilities providing basic health care services in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil].

In Brazil, nonprofit or charitable organizations are the oldest and most traditional and institutionalized form of relationship between the third sector and the state. Despite the historical importance of charitable hospital care, little research has been done on the participation of the nonprofit sector in basic health care in the country. This article identifies and describes non-hospital nonprofit facilities providing systematically organized basic health care in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, in 2004. The research focused on the facilities registered with the National Council on Social Work, using computer-assisted telephone and semi-structured interviews. Identification and description of these organizations showed that the charitable segment of the third sector conducts organized and systematic basic health care services but is not recognized by the Unified National Health System as a potential partner, even though it receives referrals from basic government services. The study showed spatial and temporal overlapping of government and third-sector services in the same target population.

Adolescent↗