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At least 1,117 records · Page 62Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[The results of clinico-hygienic research in the region of the Mozyr industrial center following the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

The dose of radioactive irradiation received by the workers of the Mozyr industrial area after the Chernobyl power plant accident cannot result in specific lesions, but a nonspecific effects of low radiation doses, chemical substances of low intensity and other occupational factors are possible. A possible radiation origin of the astheno-depressive and astheno-somatic disorders developing by nonspecific stress mechanisms is to be investigated.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1989

[Levels of internal irradiation of the population of the RSFSR by natural alpha emitters].

The values of regional mean concentrations of natural radionuclides in the teeth samples of the RSFSR residents vary within 130-203 mBk/kg for 238U, 174-490 mBk/kg for 226Ra, 1.8-3.4 Bk/kg for 210Pb, 26-56 mBk/kg for 232Th, 50-150 mBk/kg for 228Th. The mean values of 238U in osseous tissue and teeth are similar and equal 120 +/- 35 and 112 +/- 38 mBk/kg, respectively. Radioactive balance between 228Th and 232Th in osseous tissue is absent. The ratio of the concentration of 228Th/232Th is on the average equal to 2.4 +/- 0.9 and of 220Th/832Th doesn't exceed 1.3. The distribution of regional mean concentrations of radionuclides of uranium and thorium series complies with standard distribution. An annual effective equivalent internal dose obtained because of natural alpha-emitters has been calculated for the population of the RSFSR.

Air Pollutants, Radioactive↗
PubMed1978

Environmental radioactivity in the Faroes in 1977.

Measurements of fallout radioactivity in the Faroes in 1967 are presented. Strontium-90 (and 137Cs in most cases) was determined in regularly collected samples of precipitation, grass, milk, fish, sea water, bread, and drinking water. In addition, analyses were made of spot samples of lamb, sea birds, potatoes, sea plants, vegetables, eggs, and human bone. Estimates are given of the mean contents of 90Sr and 137Cs in the human diet in the Faroes in 1977.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

A simple method for assessing exposure to internal emitters.

One of the most challenging aspects of regulatory compliance can be demonstrating compliance with internal dosimetry requirements. For long-lived alpha-emitting radionuclides in particular, the sensitivity and accuracy of bioassay analysis and whole body counting may not allow for adequate assessment of intakes. Simple and effective measures can be used to control the workplace for the internal hazards associated with long-lived radioactive material using methods that measure directly the air to which workers are exposed. This paper provides an easy assessment tool that uses direct measurement of the specific activity of dusts in breathing zone air to evaluate internal exposures. Using this method, sensitive assessments can be made to determine if intakes are likely to have occurred and, if so, at what magnitude. It is not a substitute for confirmatory bioassay or whole body counting but a simple method to evaluate expectations for internal exposures.

Air Pollution, Radioactive↗
PubMed1985

Radiation doses due to long-range transport of airborne radionuclides released by a reactor accident--effects of changing dispersion conditions during transport.

This paper presents a model for the estimation of radiation doses due to long-range transport of airborne radioactive material released into the atmosphere by a reactor accident. The paper includes examples of calculated doses in situations where the weather changes during the transport path. These examples show that changing dispersion conditions, such as rain, may bring about considerable changes in the individual doses. Short-term changes in turbulence, mixing depth and wind speed during the transport path also have a strong influence on doses.

Accidents↗
PubMed1995

[The characteristics of the levels of the blood pressure, physical development and risk factors for atherosclerosis in schoolchildren living in areas of radioactive contamination].

One-stage epidemiological survey for prevalence of standard risk factors (blood pressure, body weight, atherosclerosis, smoking) has been performed on a representative sample of 828 schoolchildren aged 7-17 living in the Bryansk region (winter 1993). This territory underwent radionuclide contamination after the Chernobyl accident (1-5 Ci/km2). The comparison population consisted of matched schoolchildren from Moscow. According to the conventional criteria, schoolchildren from the survey population were at risk of atherosclerosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

A simple model for describing the concentration of 212Pb in the atmosphere.

The implementation of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty is resulting in the construction of a world-wide system of 80 monitoring stations that will be able to detect air-borne radioactivity, not only from atomic bombs but also from other anthropogenic and natural sources. A prototype monitoring station has been operating since April 1996 in Vancouver, BC, Canada. This station provides daily reports of natural radioactivity, including 7Be and decay products of 220Rn (thoron). Data for 212Pb concentrations have been analyzed over a 6-month period. The concentration is reduced by rainfall, high wind velocity, and low temperatures and it also depends on the wind direction, but atmospheric inversions appeared to have little impact. We present a relatively simple model, which is easy to use and which offers predictive powers that can be applied to other similar environmental situations.

Air Pollutants, Radioactive↗
PubMed1982

[Radon in living areas].

After some introductory remarks on the origin of natural radioactivity in living spaces, methods for measuring the concentration of radioactive substances are discussed. The results of field measurements to determine the concentration range of radon and radon daughters in living areas are presented as well as parameters influencing this range. The radiation exposure is calculated using the dose conversion factors recommended by the United Nations' Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR). It is shown that the respiratory tract is the part of the body subject to the highest natural radiation exposure.

Air Pollution, Radioactive↗
PubMed1980

Radioiodine volatilization from reformulated sodium iodide I-131 oral solution.

By changing the pH and adding buffers, antioxidants, and stabilizers to a sodium iodide (I-131) oral solution, a reduced radioiodine volatilization was claimed by a commercial supplier of radiopharmaceuticals. This study compares the airborne radioactivity volatilized from the reformulated sodium iodide solution with that which became airborne from a previous formulation. Air samples were obtained from the fume hood's exhaust stack during initial venting, and from the breathing zones of physicians and technologists administering the solution to the patient. Analysis of the air samples indicates significant reduction in the airborne radioiodine following initial venting of the solution vial and during patient administration. Additionally, there has been a decline in the I-131 thyroid burdens for occupationally exposed personnel handling the reformulated sodium iodide solutions.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The demonstration of environmental radioactive contamination by its gametocidal action].

Two Viola matutina Klok. populations growing in two areas of the thirty-kilometer zone of Chernobyl varying in gamma radiation background have been studied. Stable, repeated (during a period of 1987-1988) differences between the populations with respect to the amount of sterile pollen and the pattern of anther distribution curves have been revealed. It is suggested that the increased radiation loading is the cause of the increased occurrence of sterile pollen in one of the populations.

Accidents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The morbidity in preschool children living on the territory of Rovno Province subjected to radioactive contamination as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

The morbidity was studied of 3000 preschool children born and inhabiting the territory of six Rovno Province districts belonging to the "Western trail" of the Chernobyl accident. It was found that the children born in 1986-1987 showed a 1.5-3 times increase of the morbidity as compared with the pre-accident period.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1995

Characteristics of the chemical forms of 11C, 13N, and 15O induced in air by the operation of a 100 MeV electron linear accelerator.

To characterize airborne radioactivity induced by the operation of high-energy accelerators, the fractions of aerosol and gaseous components, and the chemical forms of 11C, 13N, and 15O produced in the air of a target room of a 100 MeV electron linear accelerator were studied. Measurements of radioactivity using a particulate air sampling filter and a gas flow-through ionization chamber showed that more than 98% of 11C, 13N, and 15O were present as gaseous forms. Their chemical forms, detected by means of radio-gas chromatography, were 11C as CO2; 13N as N2 and NO; and 15O as O2 and NO. Machine operating conditions, which affect the compositions of the induced radionuclides and of their chemical forms, and the resulting effect on the estimation of internal doses are discussed.

Aerosols↗
PubMed2005

Method for estimating ingestion doses to the public near the Savannah River site following an accidental atmospheric release.

At the Savannah River Site, emergency response computer models are used to estimate dose following releases of radioactive materials to the environment. Downwind air and ground concentrations and their associated doses from inhalation and ground shine pathways are estimated. The emergency response model (PUFF-PLUME) uses real-time data to track either instantaneous (puff) or continuous (plume) releases. A site-specific ingestion dose model was developed for use with PUFF-PLUME that includes the following ingestion dose pathways pertinent to the surrounding Savannah River Site area: milk, beef, water, and fish. The model is simplistic and can be used with existing code output.

Air Pollutants, Radioactive↗
PubMed1993

[Determination of natural ionizing radiation exposure near copper mines in Poland].

The results of preliminary tests of natural ionising radiation performed in the area of mining plants and their surroundings have been presented. The survey included measurements of radon concentration and gamma-ray dose rate in free air at 25 locations, 40K, 226Ra and 228Th determination in 48 samples of ore, ore concentrate, floatation tailings, rock and soil as well as 226Ra determination in 11 samples of mine water and river. It was found that the natural radioactivity of ore, rock, concentrate and tailings from mine is higher than the environmental background. For that reason a technologically enhanced natural radiation may occur at some places of mining plants and surrounding areas. Those places must undergo full dosimetric investigation and be under control. It was impossible to estimate how much the environment is contaminated by radon and water coming from mine. However one can say that generally the gamma ray background and radon concentration in free air of this region are at the level considered as a normal.

Air Pollution, Radioactive↗
PubMed2000

A dosimetric model for inhaled radioactive gases.

Mathematical simulation models have been used to study transport of insoluble and nonreactive gases for more than twenty years. However, gas and vapor transport and uptake still are not well understood, and a mathematical model for slightly soluble and nonreactive gas transport and uptake still has not been developed. This paper describes the development of a mathematical model of diffusion, convection, lateral transport into the airway wall, and alveolar absorption for inhaled radioactive gases in human conductive and respiratory airways. The model is based on a single-path trumpet-bell model. Sensitivity studies were conducted to ascertain the influence on the final model of the functional residual capacity, the tidal volume and diffusivity and solubility. Results obtained with this model are presented for HT gas exposure and are compared with other findings. In general, the results obtained in this research are in good agreement with other mean experimental results.

Air Pollutants, Radioactive↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Physical dosimetry and biological indicators of carcinogenic risk in a cohort of persons exposed to unhealthy ecological factors following the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident.

The April 1986 Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident caused ecological changes in the Ovruch State forests in the Zhytomir oblast in the Ukraine. The highest radioactivity existed in moss, followed by the pine-forest substrate and soil. During 1984-1985, the pine needles were primarily surface contaminated, whereas during 1986-1988, they were contaminated secondarily. Radioactivity in air was highest (1.07+/-0.185 Bq/l) during dry and sunny weather and when trees were felled; the lowest levels (0.196+/-0.044 Bq/l) occurred during periods of stable snow coverage. Between 1987 and 1989 (i.e., after the Chernobyl accident), the caesium levels in forestry employees exceeded by 13.9-fold the average levels found in the Ukrainian Polessje population. Ovruch forest guards and woodcutters had the highest effective equivalent doses of radiation, and they therefore exhibited the highest carcinogenic risk.

Air Pollutants, Radioactive↗
PubMed1977

Clearance of radioactive tantalum from the human lung after accidental inhalation.

Techniques of body radioactivity measurement were used to study the clearance of activated tantalum oxide accidentally inhaled by three reactor workers. The whole-body retention after 7 days was about 1% of the initial deposit. In one subject studied for a further 424 days the residual activity in the thorax was cleared with a biological half-life of about 1,400 days. The results support indications from other studies that tantalum powder administered in aerosol bronchography may be subject to prolonged alveolar retention.

Accidents↗
PubMed2001

Assessment of radiation exposures from naturally occurring radioactive materials in the oil and gas industry.

Radioactive deposits, often referred to as naturally occurring radioactive material scale, can, because of incompatibility of formation and injection waters, be formed inside production equipment of the oil and gas industry. These scales contain mainly 226Ra and its daughter products, which can cause an exposure risk. The gamma ray dose rates, with the associated occupational doses in the oil and gas industry, and 226Ra concentration in production water, crude oil and hard/soft scale samples were determined. Results obtained are discussed and compared to those from other studies.

Air Pollutants, Radioactive↗