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PubMed2003

A 3-year longitudinal study of self-concept and classroom behavior of grade 1 retained pupils.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between repeating Grade 1, self-concept scores, and classroom behavior. In Canada, a large number of pupils repeat grades. The literature on repeating a grade suggests that this practice has no benefit on academic achievement or social behavior and practically none on self-concept. Data from a 3-yr. longitudinal study indicate that Grade 1 repetition has no clear relation with self-concept scores and classroom behavior, even when remedial teaching provided during or after the repeated grade is taken into account. It appears classroom behavior problems are related to other factors which existed prior to grade repetition. Furthermore, self-concept tends to be related to achievement rather than grade repetition.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Tourette syndrome: relation to children's and parents' self-concepts.

We investigated the self-concepts of Tourette Syndrome patients and their mothers. The subjects were 30 children with Tourette Syndrome and their mothers, and 30 children matched on age, sex, and socioeconomic status and their mothers. The results indicated that, while the children did not differ on self-concept, the mothers of the Tourette Syndrome patients had lower self-concepts than the mothers of the controls, suggesting that family members should be considered in the treatment of the Tourette Syndrome children. In addition, severity of illness was positively correlated with the children's reports of behavior disturbance and dysphoric mood, although not with over-all self-concept. These results indicate that in more severe cases of Tourette Syndrome, children may experience emotional problems requiring therapeutic intervention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Psychology of computer use: XXXV. Differences in computer users' stress and self-concept in college personnel and students.

104 college students and 88 college faculty/staff at a midwestern university completed a questionnaire composed of the Computer Hassles Scale, a measure of computer users' stress, somatization/anxiety items from the Symptoms Checklist-90, a measure of stress reactions, and the Revised Personal Attribute Inventory, a measure of self-concept. Correlations indicated that for students there was a significant negative relationship between computer users' stress and self-concept (r = -.30), while for faculty/staff there was a significant positive relationship (r = .28). Regression analyses showed that self-concept moderated the relationship between computer users' stress and stress outcomes for only the faculty-staff sample. The moderator effect was interpreted using Linville's 1987 "buffering hypothesis," which suggests that persons with higher scores on self-concept are less prone to experience stress-related outcomes like somatization/anxiety symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Sex differences in self-concept in Spanish secondary school students.

The aims of the study were to examine differences between boys and girls in global self-esteem and in specific domains of self-concept. Several measures of global self-esteem and multidimensional self-concept were administered to 61 boys and 64 girls. Analysis showed that boys reported higher scores than girls on global self-esteem, measured on the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory and the Feelings of Inadequacy Scale by Janis-Field, but this result was not reproduced when self-esteem was measured on the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale. No differences have been found in domain-specific self-concepts, except for the ethical-moral self-concept, on which girls reported higher scores than boys.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Self-concept and violent delinquency in urban African-American adolescent males.

African-American adolescent males experience a disproportionate rate of victimization associated with and arrest for violent crime. This study examined the between self-concept and violent delinquency within a group of 155 urban African-American adolescent males. Walter Reckless's 1967 containment theory, which suggest that a positive self-concept will insulate a juvenile from delinquency and crime, served as the theoretical frame of reference. The participants included 155 African-American males aged 13 to 19 years who completed the Adolescent Life Survey, developed by the investigators, and the Tennessee Self-concept Scale. Quantitative measurments of self-concept and delinquency were obtained. In general, the findings did not support containment theory. However, the study does present new data regarding serious violent delinquency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Improvements in self-concept associated with reductions in negative mood in preadolescents enrolled in an after-school physical activity program.

Preadolescents enrolled in either a 3 times per week, 12-week exercise program (n = 50) or a no-exercise program control condition (n = 42) during their after-school care, were assessed for indication of whether exercise-induced changes in self-concept and overall negative mood were negatively correlated. Significant improvements in ratings of self-concept and of negative mood were found over 12 wk. Inverse relationships were found between changes in physical self-concept with overall self-concept and negative mood (r = -.40 and -.36, respectively). Results supported the positive effect of exercise on the assessed psychological factors in preadolescents. Cognitive behavioral theory-based explanations of the findings were discussed.

Affect↗
PubMed1978

Self-concept and completion of treatment for heroin and nonheroin drug abusers.

One hundred sixty-one veterans with a history of drug abuse were administered a battery of background questions as well as self-concept measures prior to entering a Substance Abuse Unit at the VA Hospital in Miami. Significant interaction effects were found whe a 2 X 2 analysis of variance was run using heroin/nonheroin as one factor and completer/dropout as the other. Nonheroin drug abusers who subsequently completed treatment entered the program with the lowest self-concepts, highest ideals (with respect to the self), and were most often high school dropouts. Nonheroin drug abusers who eventually dropped out of treatment entered with relatively high self-concepts, low ideals, and were more often high school graduates. On the other hand, heroin users showed the opposite trend. Heroin users who eventually completed treatment began with higher self-concepts, lower ideals, and more education than the heroin users who became dropouts. It is suggested that a generalized feeling of optimism and motivation surrounds the completer, while the dropout seems to lack such drive.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Self-concept and woman abuse: a rural and cultural perspective.

The prevalence of woman abuse has serious community health ramifications because of its associated psychological responses. Theoretical frameworks have described behaviors arising from interpersonal interactions as being affected by self-concept. Therefore, assessing self-concept is critical in research and practice for understanding the behavior of abused women and the effects of self-concept on the physical self. This research arose from clinical practice in a rural Mexican American and non-Hispanic white community. The practice focused on individual and group counseling for women and adolescents in abusive relationships. This study was conducted to refine the theoretical basis for interventions related to self-concept and woman abuse for rural Mexican American and non-Hispanic white women.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1991

The effects of a synthesis of nursing practice course on senior nursing students' self-concept and role perception.

This study investigated the effects of a Synthesis of Nursing Practice course on senior nursing students' self-concept and perception of role competencies. Seventy senior baccalaureate nursing students enrolled in the Synthesis of Nursing Practice course participated in the study during their last semester in the program. The Tennessee Self-Concept Scale was used to measure self-concept and the Slater Nursing Competencies Rating Scale was used to measure perception of role competencies. These instruments were administered at the beginning of the Synthesis of Nursing Practice course and immediately following completion of the course. A t-test was used to assess the differences between pre- and posttest group means. The study findings indicated a significant increase in the students' self-concept (p = .10) and perceived role competencies (p = .001). Implications of the findings for nursing education are discussed.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The sense of self-concept change in patients after radial keratotomy.

PURPOSE: The study focuses on the problem of self-concept change in patients after radial keratotomy. METHODS: Twenty-five patients (17 female, 8 male) were studied from 6 to 18 months after radial keratotomy using the Adjective Check List by Gough and Heilbrun with the application of double instruction. It concerned self-concept change over a period of observation after surgery, as compared to retrospective (preoperative) self-concept. RESULTS: For current self-concept, patients obtained significantly higher results in the following measures: the number of positive words used for self-description (P < .05); need scales, like affiliation (P < .005), heterosexuality (P < .01), and intraception or insight (P < .05); self-confidence (P < .01); military leadership (P < .05), logical decision making (P < .05); two measures concerning logical-analytical thinking (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that after radial keratotomy, patients perceived themselves in a more positive way than before surgery, especially as more self-confident in interpersonal functioning.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Concept analysis of preparatory grief in terminal cancer patients].

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to conceptualize and clarify a concept of "preparatory grief" in terminal cancer patients. METHOD: A hybrid model of concept development was applied to develop a concept of preparatory grief, which included a field study carried out in Busan, Korea. Participants of this study were 8 cancer patients. RESULTS: On the basis of our literature, research and clinical experience, the concept of preparatory grief emerged as a complex phenomenon playing an important role in five areas; physical, emotional, interpersonal, religious, and transcendental dimensions. Two new attributes were defined through a field phase; trust of the post-mortal world and a serene state of mind. Indicators reflected attitudes of sadness, worry, regret, capability to adapt and hope. The results of preparatory grief were loss of energy and interest, emotional chaos, contemplation, taciturnity and restoration. CONCLUSIONS: Differentiating among preparatory grief and other symptoms in cancer patients is essential because of therapeutic implications. Understanding preparatory grief is necessary in order to manage cancer patients for promoting quality of life so that its application may have a positive impact on the patient's life.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

[Concept analysis of spiritual care].

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify attributes of the concept of spiritual care. METHOD: Walker and Avant's concept analysis framework was employed to review the clinical guidelines, nursing text books, and nursing research articles which were related to spiritual care and published from 1985 to 2005. RESULT: The attributes of the concept of spiritual care were a three stage process such as spiritual assessment, spiritual intervention, and spiritual evaluation. Spiritual care included three dimensions of relationships such as transpersonal, interpersonal, and intrapersonal. The quality of spiritual care was dependent upon characteristics of care-givers such as perception and knowledge of spiritual care, and the clinical environment. The antecedents of spiritual care was spiritual needs due to the prompt events. The consequence of spiritual care was spiritual well-being. CONCLUSION: This concept analysis of spiritual care contributed to promote performance of spiritual care in clinical fields by removing conceptual ambiguity and confirming the true meaning of spiritual care.

Concept Formation↗
PubMed1989

[Priming effects on the relation between concepts and their relative properties in semantic memory].

The relation between concepts and their relative properties in semantic memory was investigated through priming effects in lexical decision task. In experiment I, subjects were 18 university students, and the relative adjectives (small/large) were presented as prime stimuli, followed by target stimuli composed of eight names (four small and four large animals) and eight nonwords. In experiment II, 16 subjects, 12 names (three small and three large fruits, three small and three large animals) and 12 nonwords were randomly presented as target stimuli, and other conditions were the same as experiment I. The results of two experiments showed that priming effects occurred by the relative adjectives as prime stimuli and that those effects in experiment II occurred individually in two categories. These findings suggested that the values of the relative properties in each concept were reflected in the strength of the direct relatedness between the concept and its properties and that the relative determination of their values depended on the superordinate category of the concept.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Concept mapping the change of a surgical wound dressing.

Changing a surgical wound dressing is a traditional nursing task that incorporates many areas of nursing knowledge. This article describes the construction of a concept map to sort the subjective, objective and constructed knowledge required to perform this task with optimal wound healing the goal. Critical thinking is used to select and exclude information. The use of concept maps as a tool to synthesise knowledge is discussed as is how the chosen concept incorporates the art and science of nursing care. The concept map displays the wholistic assessment of the client and use of nursing knowledge to determine and promote wound healing.

Concept Formation↗
PubMed2006

Teaching self-concept and self-esteem in a clinical communications course.

Effective interpersonal communication skills are needed for pharmacists to deliver patient-centered care. To achieve this outcome with pharmacists, communication skills are emphasized in pharmacy school in required coursework, such as a clinical communication course. One important concept to include in communication coursework is content on perceptions because perceptions influence communication interactions. Specific emphasis should include a focus on self-perceptions and self-concept, because related empirical literature demonstrates that accurate academic self-concepts predict academic success. These results were extrapolated to a pharmacy clinical communications course where a lecture and laboratory series was designed to emphasize self-concept and facilitate communication skills improvement. The instructional design of this series promoted the advancement of students' communication skills by using communication inventories, self-reflection activities, peer and class discussion, and lecture content. Class discussions, self-reflections, and baseline, and follow-up counseling activities throughout the semester provided evidence of improvements.

Communication↗
PubMed2001

[Change of self-concept in patients after radial keratotomy].

PURPOSE: The study is focused on the problem of self-concept change following radial keratotomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 25 patients (17 F, 8 M) were investigated 0.5-1.5 year after the surgery by means of the Adjective Check List by Gough and Heilbrun with double instruction concerning actual self-concept (after the surgery) and retrospective self-concept (before the surgery). RESULTS: In the actual self-concept the patients obtained significantly higher results in the following measures: 1) number of positive words used for self description (Fav, p < 0.05; Iss, p < 0.05); 2) some need scales like affiliation (Aff, p < 0.005), heterosexuality (Het, p < 0.01), and interception (Int, p < 0.05); 3) self-confidence (S-cfd, p < 0.01), military leadership (Mls, p < 0.05), and Adult (A, p < 0.05); 3) two Welsh's scales (A-3, p < 0.05; A-4, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Patients after radial keratotomy perceive themselves in a more positive way, as more self confident in interpersonal functioning than before. The result suggests that the main reason of the differences resolve in higher well being stemming from the surgical correction of vision.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Looking back in time: self-concept change affects visual perspective in autobiographical memory.

People who change often report that their old selves seem like "different people." Correlational (Study 1) and experimental (Studies 2 and 3) studies showed that participants tended to use a 3rd-person observer perspective when visualizing memories of actions that conflicted with their current self-concept. A similar pattern emerged when participants imagined performing actions that varied in self-concept compatibility (Study 4). The authors conclude that on-line judgments of an action's self-concept compatibility affect the perspective used for image construction. Study 5 shows applied implications. Use of the 3rd-person perspective when recalling past episodes of overindulgent eating was related to optimism about behaving differently at an upcoming Thanksgiving dinner. The authors discuss the effect of self-concept compatibility on cognitive and emotional reactions to past actions and consider the role of causal attributions in defining the self across time.

Autobiographies as Topic↗
PubMed2002

Academic self-concept, academic achievement, and leadership in university students studying in a physical therapy program.

Students enrolled in a selected admissions program, in which there are a limited number of student positions available, were assessed for academic self-concept using the Dimensions of Self-Concept upon entry into the program. This study was performed to explore whether academic self-concept scores could predict successful completion of an academic program and the impact of self-concept scores on academic achievement and professional leadership.

Achievement↗