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Results for “Terminology as Topic”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

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At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Double depression: a distinctive subtype of unipolar depression.

Whether depression is a single disease that varies from mild to severe, with varying episode durations and difficult course patterns, or whether it is an umbrella diagnosis representing depressive subtypes with different psychological and biological characteristics has been debated by clinicians and researchers for many years. However, most scientists now agree that understanding the heterogeneous subtypes of depression allows for greater accuracy in describing and differentiating patients suffering from depression and, therefore, greater precision in describing the most efficacious treatment plan. This article will focus on the distinctions between unipolar major depression, double depression and dysthymia, and will review the history of the DSM classifications for these "subtypes" of major depressive disorder, clinicians and researchers continue to subclassify major depression and, particularly, for the purpose of testing the efficacy of new psychopharmocologic and psychosocial treatments. There continues to be a need for future research to more clearly establish the predictive value in terms of course, recovery, rates of relapse and treatment in regard to distinguishing type of depression as well as to validate the current nosology.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed2003

Understanding long-standing illness among older people.

This paper describes a study of older people's interpretations of a survey question about long-standing illness, disability or infirmity. This and similar questions are frequently used in various studies and surveys that influence policy and planning. With population ageing and growing concern about the health of older people, we sought to examine the survey question's relevance to older people. Following-on from a cross-sectional survey of 999 people aged 65 and over in the UK, we explored their interpretations of the survey item by asking it in the context of in-depth interviews with 24 respondents. We found that few of our respondents subscribed to the constructs of long-standing illness, disability or infirmity that surveys often employ. Older people's descriptions of their health status in response to a "standard-issue" survey question are informed by their understandings of health itself as well as elements such as control, engagement with health service providers, time and ageing. This implies that questionnaire-based surveys may not only be unable to capture the meaning of chronic illness to older people, but also its prevalence. We conclude on a methodological note by reminding ourselves that answers to survey and in-depth interviews are narratives told about health status. As such, both represent many facets of social and cultural life, and are best assessed as "trustworthy" rather than "truthful".

Aged↗
PubMed2000

'RESUS' for resus.

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Abbreviations as Topic↗
PubMed2001

Evolution not revolution? The struggle for the recognition and development of patient education in the UK.

In this paper, a review of patient education in the United Kingdom (UK) is presented. Some of the reasons for the development of patient education are identified and its relationship to other educational activities in health care settings is discussed. The gap between the theory and practice of UK patient education is then examined and emerging new practices are considered. The concluding section of the paper identifies a number of important questions to ask when considering the future development of patient education. These are relevant questions for patients, practitioners, researchers and politicians.

Family Practice↗
PubMed1992

Mammography lexicon.

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Dictionaries, Medical as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Classification of diverse organic compounds that induce chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster cells.

A data set of 297 diverse organic compounds that cause varying degrees of chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster lung cells is examined. Responses of an assay are categorized as clastogenic (>10% aberrant cells) and nonclastogenic (<5% aberrant cells). Each of the compounds is represented by calculated structural descriptors that encode topological, geometric, electronic, and polar surface features. A genetic algorithm (GA) employing a k-nearest neighbor (kNN) fitness evaluator is used to iteratively search a reduced descriptor space to find small, information-rich subsets of descriptors that maximize the classification rates for clastogenic and nonclastogenic responses. To further improve modeling, a similarity measure using atom-pair descriptors is employed to create more homogeneous data subsets. Three different data sets are examined. Results for a set of 297 compounds using the GA-kNN method were 86.5% and 80.0% correct classification in the training set and prediction set, respectively. Results for a subset of 279 compounds in model 2 are 85.7% and 85.7% for the training and prediction sets, respectively. Results for a subset of 182 compounds in model 3 are 91.5% and 94.4% for the training and prediction sets, respectively. Creating smaller, more topologically similar data sets result in improved classification rates.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2000

Standard for pattern electroretinography. International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision.

The pattern electroretinogram (PERG) is a retinal response evoked by viewing an alternating checkerboard or grating. It receives clinical and research attention because it can provide information about inner retinal cells and the macula. However, clinicians may have trouble choosing between different techniques for recording the PERG that have been described in the literature. The International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision has prepared a standard for a basic PERG recording procedure to aid new users in obtaining reliable responses and to encourage more uniformity among existing users.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed1998

The DSM's theory-neutral nosology is scientifically progressive: response to Follette and Houts (1996).

W. C. Follette and A. C. Houts (1996) argued on philosophy-of-science grounds that the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is scientifically unprogressive and should be replaced by competing theory-laden manuals. The author responds to their various arguments as follows: (a) The ways things can go wrong with the mind are inherently diverse, so failure to reduce the DSM's categories to 1 parsimonious theory is not necessarily scientifically unprogressive; (b) it is empirically untrue that growth in the number of a taxonomy's categories is inconsistent with scientific progress; (c) progress in theoretically fragmented fields requires shared theory-neutral categories, not theory-laden definitions of basic concepts; (d) at present in the mental health field, theoretical integration is scientifically more progressive than competition, and integration is promoted by the DSM's theory-neutral nosology; and (e) Follette and Houts's proposed behaviorist alternative to the DSM is incoherent.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

Time to abandon microalbuminuria?

The term microalbuminuria--a urinary albumin excretion (UAE) between 20 and 200 microg/min--has been introduced to identify subjects at increased risk of renal and cardiovascular disease. However, the relationship between albuminuria and risk is not restricted to the microalbuminuric range and extends to as low as 2-5 microg/min. On the contrary, the increase of UAE above 200 microg/min (macroalbuminuria) heralds the onset of proteinuria (urinary protein excretion above 0.5 g/24 h) and progressive renal and cardiovascular disease. Albuminuria is a component of the metabolic syndrome and may represent a marker of the increased risk of renal and cardiovascular disease associated with insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. Proteinuria is a sign of established kidney damage and plays a direct pathogenic role in the progression of renal and cardiovascular disease. Albuminuria reflects functional and potentially reversible abnormalities initiated by glomerular hyperfiltration, proteinuria, a size-selective dysfunction of the glomerular barrier normally associated with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decline that may result in end-stage renal disease. Thus, the limit of 200 microg/min segregates patients with albuminuria or proteinuria who are at quite different risk. Among subjects with albuminuria, however, there is a continuous relationship between albumin excretion and risk and no lower bound between normal albuminuria and microalbuminuria can be identified that segregates subjects at different risk. Thus, the terms microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria could be replaced by the concepts of albuminuria- and proteinuria-associated diseases. Future studies are needed to identify levels of albuminuria below which therapy is no longer beneficial.

Albuminuria↗