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At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

An extensive solitary xanthoma of the temporal bone, associated with hyperlipoproteinaemia.

A rare case of a solitary xanthoma deposit in the temporal bone associated with a primary type V (WHO classification) hyperlipoproteinaemia is presented. Only one other similar case has been found in the literature, and this was also associated with a hyperlipoproteinaemia. This earlier case was most probably a type V although it is difficult to be sure because of the slightly limited information available.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

The role of middle ear effusions and epidermal growth factor in cholesteatoma formation in the gerbilline temporal bone.

To study the process of aural cholesteatoma formation, we used gerbilline temporal bones to examine histologically the early stages of spontaneous cholesteatomas associated with experimentally induced otitis media with effusion (OME) following electric cauterizations of the eustachian tube. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) was then localized immunohistochemically in the pars flaccida of normal ears and the forming spontaneous cholesteatomas. Findings in the ears with the early spontaneous cholesteatomas were effusion inside the pars flaccida and hypertrophy and hyperkeratosis of the pars flaccida. Findings in the ears with experimental OME involved an effusion in the whole middle ear cavity as well as hypertrophy and hyperkeratosis in both the pars flaccida and pars tensa. The incidence of ear drum changes was higher in the experimental OME group than in control animals without cauterization. EGF was localized in the mucous layer of normal drums, the mucous layer and lamina propria of drums with hypertrophy alone, and all layers in drums with hypertrophy and hyperkeratosis. EGF was especially positive in the cytoplasms of transformed cuboidal cells. These findings suggest that EGF within the transformed mucous layer may play an important role as a biochemical factor in developing cholesteatomas.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Ossicular vibration in human temporal bones].

Vibration mode of the ossicles was investigated in twelve fresh human temporal bones using a video measuring system (VMS, Technical Instrument). This system allows one to observe the ossicular vibration and to measure its vibration amplitude (up to 0.2 micron) and phase angle. In this study the inner and middle ear was kept intact except for two small holes in the tympanic tegmen. These holes were for the observation of ossicular movement and were covered with a thin cover glass during the experiment. The vibration amplitude and phase angle of the umbo, malleus head, lenticular process and stapes head were measured at 19 frequencies between 0.1 kHz and 4.5 kHz. The umbo moved piston-like at 0.1-0.8 kHz and 2.6-4.5 kHz but in an ellipse at 1.0-2.4 kHz. The malleus head showed elliptical movement with its long axis anteriorly tilted around 45 degrees from the direction of the umbo vibration at 0.1 kHz. Both the lenticular process and stapes head showed similar movement; piston-like in lower frequencies and elliptical in higher frequencies. The umbo, lenticular process and stapes head vibrated parallel at lower frequencies. The position, displacement and phase angle of the rotation axis of the ossicles was calculated based on the displacement and phase angle of the umbo, malleus head and lenticular process. The axis was around the level of the neck of the malleus in frequencies lower than the resonant frequency, beneath the level of the short process near the resonant frequency and at the top of the malleus head in higher frequencies. The average axis displacement was 0.9 microns at 1 kHz but much smaller at frequencies lower than 0.8 kHz or higher than 2 kHz. This suggests that such axis movement may reduce the efficiency of the middle ear sound transmission.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

[Measurement of sound transmitted through the body while drilling and grinding isolated petrous temporal bone (author's transl)].

Measurements of the effect of rotating drills and grinders on isolated fresh temporal bone on the sound transmitted through the body have not previously been made known. In contrast to measurement of air-conducted sound, they include the portion of sound which effects the hearing apparatus of the patient through the bone during the process of drilling the temporal bobe. Measurements were made with a calibrated acceleration pick-up in conjunction with a precision sound level meter (test amplifier with sound frequency analyser). The recording was made continuously between 20 Hz and 20 000 Hz. The range between 250 Hz and 8000 Hz was examined mathematically. Above 8000 Hz the curves dropped markedly, apart from a few exceptions. The level of the sound depends largely on the size of the drill bit, and consequently on the breadth and depth of the rotating cutting edges. The smaller drill heads produce a considerably smaller quantity of sound. The highest level of sound comes from the burrs and wing-cutters. The diamond head lies lower in the scale, but almost equals the effect of the steel drills. The speed of rotation of the drill head plays only a subordinate role. Between 16 000 and 80 000 r.p.m. the values are the same. In the region of 10 000 r.p.m. the sound level is frequently reduced, even if a few loud peaks may still occur here. The type of drilling machine, the handpiece or transmission handpiece used have no effect. Altogether, the rotary drill produces less sound transmitted to the inner ear through the body than through the air.

Bone Conduction↗
PubMed1991

Relationship between insertion torque and removal torque analyzed in fresh temporal bone.

Insertion torque and removal torque of fixtures were measured using human cadaver temporal bone and human living bone. The torque level for fracturing the threads of the bone was also measured. The maximum insertion torque exerted without causing a break in bone threads was 70.0 Ncm in bicortical bone and 50.0 Ncm in unicortical bone. The relationship between insertion torque and removal torque indicated a positive correlation between both sites. However, removal torque was lower than insertion torque in all measurements. The fracture points of bone threads were 77.0 Ncm in bicortical bone and 57.7 Ncm in unicortical bone by mean. Microfractures were observed mainly in the thread bases and were directed upward in the histologic specimens examined.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea from defects of the temporal bone: a rare entity?

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) otorrhea is usually associated with a history of trauma or previous surgery. Spontaneous CSF otorrhea is uncommon. When such spontaneous CSF leakage occurs, it may be associated with dural herniation, with the production of conductive hearing loss from impingement on the ossicles. This type of leakage has characteristic findings which, if recognized, can lead to earlier diagnosis and avoidance of complications. A review of the world literature revealed 44 reported cases. This report presents the authors' experience with 12 patients with spontaneous CSF leakage from temporal bone defects. This entity may be more prevalent than is reported. The differential diagnosis and management of CSF otorrhea (secondary to temporal bone defects) are discussed and representative cases are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Adjusting the geometry of implantable hearing aid components to human temporal bone. II: Microphone].

Recently, an implantable hearing aid for rehabilitation of sensorineural hearing loss has been developed. One component of the device is the microphone for implantation into the posterior canal wall. The membrane of the microphone can be covered by skin, cartilage, or fascia, avoiding reduction in sound transmission at the same time. In the study presented here, the microphone was implanted into 50 cadaver specimens of human temporal bone. Localization of the microphone was determined by the anatomical situation of the facial nerve. The microphone and the piezoelectric transducer could be implanted in 78% of the temporal bones after total mastoidectomy. In the final version of the microphone, the size was 4.5 mm and total weight 400 mg.

Cochlear Implantation↗
PubMed1996

Temporal bone findings in Alzheimer's disease.

Sensorineural hearing loss has been reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and a topographically specific pattern of degeneration in the central auditory system has been described. Although peripheral visual and olfactory systems have been extensively studied, there is no report of peripheral auditory system abnormalities in AD patients. Comparison of temporal bones from eight AD patients with those from eight non-AD controls revealed a significant difference in the percentage of remaining hair cells, peripheral processes, and spiral ganglion cells in the basal cochlear turn but no significant differences in the overall percentage between the two groups. Furthermore, special stains (thioflavin S and Bielschowsky's silver impregnation) of temporal bone nervous tissue from AD patients did not show neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. It is unclear whether the differences between the two groups in the basal portion of the cochlea are due to AD or some other process, such as presbycusis. However, lack of significant degeneration in other parts of the cochlea and absence of neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques in all eight patients may suggest that the peripheral auditory system, unlike the peripheral visual and olfactory systems, is not involved in AD. A larger sample of AD patients is necessary to clarify the peripheral auditory system findings in the present study.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

[Projection of the sigmoid sinus onto the lateral surface of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone in young children].

In newborns and in children up to 3 years of age died of various causes (excluding otogenic diseases) 130 roentgenograms of the temporal bones were studied with a preliminary contrasting of the sigmoid sinus. A definite dependence in the position of the sigmoid sinus was noted: from the birth up to 3 years of age, from the posterior mastoid parts of the temporal bones the sigmoid sinus approaches its anterior parts. At an expanded form of pneumatization of the mastoid process in children (1-3 years of age) the sigmoid sinus in 82% of cases is projected in posterior parts of Chipaux's triangle, and at an organic form of pneumatization in 35% of cases it is outside Chipaux's triangle.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1996

Polymerase chain reaction amplification of a measles virus sequence from human temporal bone sections with active otosclerosis.

Investigation of a possible viral etiology for otosclerosis was initiated because of the clinical and histopathologic similarities between otosclerosis and Paget's disease of bone and the mounting evidence of a viral etiology in Paget's disease. Thus far, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies have revealed measles-like structures and antigens in active otosclerotic lesions. A method for isolation and identification of both DNA and RNA sequences in archival human temporal bone specimens using the polymerase chain reaction technique has been developed. With use of this technique, a 115-base pair sequence of the measles nucleocapsid gene has been identified in 8 of 11 different temporal bone specimens with histologic evidence of otosclerosis. Zero of nine control specimens without histologic evidence of otosclerosis were positive. The association between the presence of the measles nucleocapsid gene sequence and histologic otosclerosis was significant (p < 0.01). This study provides further evidence for a possible measles virus etiology in otosclerosis.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2001

Primary myxoma of the temporal bone in a 17-year-old boy: case report.

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Only two cases of primary intracranial myxomas have been described previously in the literature: one patient had a primary intracranial myxoma in the pituitary fossa, and the other patient's myxoma was located in the posterior fossa. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A rare case of primary myxoma of the temporal bone in a 17-year-old boy is described. The patient presented with a history of progressive left-sided hearing loss and increasing headaches of a few months' duration. INTERVENTION: An initial draining procedure in the left ear revealed extant mucous material, and further investigation showed a large calcified lesion involving the petrous and temporal bones and filling the middle fossa. At surgery, a large mucoid-appearing tumor was removed. The tumor pathology revealed a primary myxoma with bone and meningeal involvement. No clinical or histopathological evidence that it was a metastatic lesion was found. CONCLUSION: The features of myxomas on computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging, the histopathology, and surgical considerations are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Necrosis and sequestration in the tympanic part of the temporal bone.

Unilateral ulceration, bone necrosis, and sequestrum formation in the external auditory meatus are at times confused with the general diagnosis of keratosis obturans. However, the clinical presentation and the radiological and pathological characteristics of this condition are quite distinct from the latter. Initial examination in this situation may raise the suspicion of malignancy. When a true cholesteatoma of the external auditory meatus is found in association with this entity, according to a review of the available literature and personal observation of the authors, it is the result rather than the cause of this pathological process. In order to clarify this relationship, three patients are presented in whom there is radiological and histological evidence of bone necrosis and sequestration of a segment of the temporal bone but no evidence of hyperkeratosis in the ear canal.

Ear Canal↗
PubMed1992

Glomus tumors of the temporal bone.

Glomus tumors represent one of the most common benign tumors of the temporal bone. The anatomy, embryology, physiology, and pathology of these lesions as well as diagnostic evaluation and current therapeutic modalities are reviewed.

Glomus Tumor↗
PubMed1997

Molecular temporal bone pathology: II. Ramsay Hunt syndrome (herpes zoster oticus).

In 1907 J. Ramsay Hunt suggested that herpes zoster oticus resulted from a geniculate ganglionitis; however, many contemporary authors believe that this disorder represents a neuritis or polycranial neuropathy. Herpes varicella-zoster viral (VZV) DNA was identified, using the polymerase chain reaction, in archival celloidin-embedded temporal bone sections from two patients who clinically had Ramsay Hunt syndrome (herpes zoster oticus). The presence of VZV was confirmed by sequencing the PCR products. These experiments demonstrated that VZV genomic DNA was present in the geniculate ganglion of the side with facial paralysis and cutaneous recrudescence in both patients and in the clinically unaffected side in patient 1. In addition, patient 2 had a sudden hearing loss and was found to have VZV genomic DNA in sections from the affected side containing the spiral ganglion, Scarpa's ganglion, organ of Corti, and macula of the saccule. No VZV genomic DNA was identified in temporal bone sections from five patients with Bell's palsy and ten patients without evidence of otologic disease. In this study, the histopathology of these two cases yielded complementary information regarding the role of VZV in herpes zoster oticus. These data suggest that in patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome, latent VZV is located in the geniculate ganglia and may be present in the auditory and vestibular primary afferent ganglia in some patients.

DNA, Viral↗
PubMed2005

Three-dimensional reconstruction based on images from spiral high-resolution computed tomography of the temporal bone: anatomy and clinical application.

The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of computed tomography (CT) images in determining the anatomy and topographic relationship between various important structures. Using 40 ears from 20 patients with various otological diseases, a 3D reconstruction based on the image data from spiral high-resolution CT was performed by segmentation, volume-rendering and surface-rendering algorithms on a personal computer. The 3D display of the middle and inner ear structures was demonstrated in detail. Computer-assisted measurements, many of which could not be easily measured in vivo, of the reconstructed structures provided accurate anatomic details that improved the surgeon's understanding of spatial relationships. A 3D reconstruction of temporal bone CT might be useful for education and increasing understanding of the anatomical structures of the temporal bone. However, it will be necessary to confirm the correlation between the 3D reconstructed images and histological sections through a validation study.

Ear Diseases↗
PubMed1995

Temporal bone findings in Cogan's syndrome.

We report on the pathological findings in temporal bones taken from a 92-year-old man who had been diagnosed as suffering from Cogan's syndrome before death. Extensive endolymphatic hydrops was observed in the cochlea of the right ear. The saccule showed a collapse following intense dilation. Outpouching of the utricle and crus commune was found and the perilymphatic space of the posterior semicircular canal was occupied by the fibrotic tissue. The left ear showed neither hydrops nor fibrosis. There was absorption of the enchondral bone in both ears, but in the blood vessels there were no pathological changes.

Aged↗