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Results for “TOOTH DISCOLORATION”

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At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Two-year clinical evaluation of tooth whitening using an at-home bleaching system.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the 2-year effectiveness of a carbamide peroxide at-home bleaching gel used to provide tooth lightening treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-nine patients participated in the original study, during which they treated their maxillary teeth with a 10% carbamide peroxide gel nightly for 2 weeks. Shades were determined before and after treatment by comparison with a Vita shade guide. Twenty-four patients (a recall rate of 83%) were recalled for evaluation 2 years after the initial bleaching treatment. The shade of the maxillary incisors was evaluated and compared with shades before, immediately after, and at 6 months and 2 years after initial treatment. Data were analyzed using a repeated-measures analysis of variance. RESULTS: At 2 years after bleaching with a 10% carbamide peroxide gel, the median shade was D2, a six-increment difference from the baseline median of D3. Twenty of 24 patients (83.3%) had a shade change of two or more units, which is the threshold value for bleaching efficacy using American Dental Association guidelines. The lightening result remained statistically significant (p < .0001) at 2 years. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Although some reversal of the lightening effect occurs over time following the original bleaching treatment, loss of the lighter color appears to be gradual for most patients. Although the longevity of the lightening effect remains to be determined, this clinical trial indicates that the majority of patients have a satisfactory result 2 years after treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Nightguard vital bleaching of tetracycline-stained teeth: 54 months post treatment.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this longitudinal whitening study was to determine the stability, post-treatment side effects, and patient satisfaction after 6 months of active treatment of tetracycline-stained teeth with 10% carbamide peroxide at 0 and 54 months post treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve patients who completed the study (80%) were contacted and asked to participate in a survey concerning their whitening experience. Subjects were asked whether there had been any change in the shade of their teeth after treatment, and if they had experienced any side effects that they believed were treatment-related. Eight of the twelve patients underwent clinical examination. RESULTS: Ten patients (83%) reported no obvious shade change or only a slight darkening not noticed by others. Two (17%) reported a slight darkening that is probably noticeable by other people, but no one reported moderate darkening or significant darkening back to original shade. All respondents (n = 12) denied having to have a crown or root canal that they believed was treatment-related. Examiners who compared preoperative and post-treatment photographs and Vita shade values were in agreement with the patient's perceptions of shade change. The degree of improvement was significant for both the immediate (0 mo) and the 54-month post-treatment comparison with the pretreatment shade (p < .005 and p < .01 respectively). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Results of this nightguard vital bleaching study indicate that tetracycline-stained teeth can be whitened successfully using extended treatment time, and that shade stability may last at least 54 months after treatment. Patients who participated in this study were overwhelmingly positive about the procedure in terms of shade retention and lack of post-treatment side effects.

Carbamide Peroxide↗
PubMed1999

Clinical study of tooth shade lightening from dentist-supervised, patient-applied treatment with two 10% carbamide peroxide gels.

PURPOSE: Prescribed, patient-applied tooth lightening agents, or nightguard vital bleaching, typically utilizes a 10% carbamide peroxide agent applied during nocturnal hours. The purpose of this randomized double-blind study was to compare the amount of tooth color change in two groups of subjects using dentist-supervised, patient-applied 10% carbamide peroxide gel. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One group used Opalescence (Ultradent Products Inc., South Jordan, Utah) and the other NiteWhite Excel (Discus Dental, Inc., Los Angeles, California). Evaluation of tooth color for the six maxillary anterior teeth was done using a Vita shade guide at baseline, 1, 2, and 4 weeks. Subjects were instructed to apply the gel nocturnally using a custom-made soft tray 8 hours per day for 2 weeks. The 16 tabs of the shade guide were ranked according to value from darkest to lightest. The number (1-16) that correlated to the shade tab selected as the match for each tooth was the outcome variable. A Kruskal-Wallis one way analysis of variance on ranks was used. RESULTS: The test revealed no statistically significant difference between Opalescence and NiteWhite Excel for lightening the teeth (p = .807). The color change was still significant after 2 weeks without further bleaching activity. The baseline evaluation of the maxillary incisors and canines for all subjects, regardless of group, demonstrated a significant shade difference, with the canines being darker. This difference was not seen after 2 weeks of active bleaching or at the 4-week evaluation. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: In this study comparing bleaching products, patients using Opalescence and NiteWhite Excel experienced a significant change in the color of their teeth relative to baseline values after 2 weeks of active treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Ceramometal bonded inlays and onlays.

Porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) is presently the most popular crown and bridge technique. Its success is attributable to the use of a metal substructure to support the porcelain, resulting in good esthetics, limited ceramic flexure, and better longevity than all-porcelain restorations. A new concept suggests encapsulating the metal substructure with ceramic and placing the insert under the occlusal surface, thereby combining the best properties of the esthetics of porcelain and the support of metal to achieve improved restorations.

Dental Bonding↗
PubMed2002

Public preferences for anterior tooth variations: a web-based study.

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to determine the public's preferences for five esthetic variations, with the goal of linking preferences to demographic data such as age, gender, country of residence, and race. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using photo-editing software, five pairs of images with anterior tooth variations were put on a Web page with forms to collect demographic data and ranking of the image pairs. Opinions were solicited by sending out a large number of e-mails with a short study description and an invitation to access the Web page. The responses were tabulated and analyzed with logistic regression (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS: Valid responses were received from 2185 computer users in 45 countries. Because of the small number of respondents from most countries, only the responses from the United States and Canada (n = 1934) were analyzed. Variables collected were birth date, gender, race or ethnic background, and last dental visit. Analysis indicated that different variables were significant for different questions. Last dental visit and the interaction of gender and race were not significant in any of the models. Strongest preferences concerned diastema and midline shift and the weakest concerned whiteness and proportion. The largest minority view was the straight embrasures. Statistically significant differences were attributable to age, gender, and race. Females had stronger preferences in all conditions. Respondents younger than 40 years of age had stronger preferences for whiteness and against diastema, and whites strongly rejected the diastema. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides guidelines about the public's preferences concerning some commonly encountered conditions in esthetic dentistry.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Nightguard vital bleaching of tetracycline-stained teeth: 90 months post treatment.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this longitudinal whitening study was to determine the stability, post-treatment side effects, and patient satisfaction at 90 months post treatment after 6 months of active treatment of tetracycline-stained teeth with 10% carbamide peroxide. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen of 21 participants enrolled in the study (71%) were contacted and asked to participate in a survey concerning their whitening experience. Participants were asked whether there had been any change in the shade of their teeth after treatment and if they had experienced any side effects that they believed were treatment related. Eight of the 15 participated in a clinical examination. RESULTS: Nine participants (60%) reported no obvious shade change or only a slight darkening not noticed by others. None reported darkening back to the original shade; however, four had re-treated their teeth. Examiners were in agreement with the participants' perception of shade change upon comparing pretreatment and post-treatment photographs and Vita shade (Vita Zahnfabrik D-79713, Bad Sackingen, Germany) values. The degree of improvement over the pretreatment shade was significant for the 90-month post-treatment shade (p < .01). All respondents (n = 15) denied having to have a crown or root canal or tooth sensitivity that they believed was treatment related. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The results of this study of nightguard vital bleaching indicate that tetracycline-stained teeth can be whitened successfully using extended treatment time and that shade stability may last at least 90 months post treatment (range 84-100 mo). Patients participating in this study were over-whelmingly positive about the procedure in terms of shade retention and lack of post-treatment side effects.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Effect of resin surface sealers on improvement of stain resistance for a composite provisional material.

BACKGROUND: Resistance to staining is desirable to maintain the esthetic appearance of a provisional material. A resin sealant may improve stain resistance. PURPOSE: Color changes of a resin composite provisional material were measured by reflection spectrophotometry after storage in three staining solutions and water to determine stain resistance when treated with three methacrylate or urethane dimethacrylate resin surface sealants and when left untreated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Specimens of a resin composite provisional material received one of three resin sealants (Fortify Plus, Bisco, Inc., Schaumburg, IL; Jet Seal, Lang Dental Manfacturing, Wheeling, IL; Triad LC, Dentsply International, York, PA, USA) or no surface sealer and then were stored for 72 hours in one of four staining solutions (water [control], black coffee, cranberry juice, red wine). Color was measured by CIE L*a*b* on a reflection spectrophotometer (Color-Eye 7000, Macbeth Division, Kollmorgen Instruments, Newburgh, NY, USA) at baseline and after storage. Color change (deltaE*) was calculated and analyzed statistically by two-factor analysis of variance, with four solutions and four surface treatments as independent variables. RESULTS: deltaE* ranged from 0.7 to 1.7 in water, from 1.1 to 5.5 in cranberry juice, from 1.1 to 6.5 in black coffee, and from 1.5 to 3.9 in red wine. Statistically significant differences were observed (p < .05), with Fortify Plus showing increased staining (deltaE* > 3.3) and Jet Seal and Triad LC showing decreased staining (deltaE* < 2.0) in cranberry juice and coffee compared with staining of the unsealed specimens. Only Jet Seal provided resistance to staining in red wine. CONCLUSIONS: Specimens without a surface sealer had statistically higher (p < .05) and perceptible or nearly perceptible color changes in cranberry juice, black coffee, and red wine than in water. Specimens coated with Jet Seal had statistically lower (p < .05) color changes than uncoated specimens in cranberry juice, black coffee, and red wine. When coated, the color changes of the stained specimens were not perceptible. Specimens coated with Triad LC had statistically lower (p < .05) color changes than unsealed specimens in cranberry juice and black coffee. When sealed, the color changes of the specimens stained with cranberry juice and black coffee were not perceptible. Both unsealed and sealed specimens stained with red wine were nearly perceptible. Specimens coated with Fortify Plus had statistically higher (p < .05) color changes than uncoated specimens in cranberry juice and black coffee but statistically the same (p < .05) color change as uncoated specimens in red wine. These specimens had perceptible color changes in cranberry juice, black coffee, and red wine. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Surface of methacrylate or dimethacrylate resins can improve resistance of a resin composite provisional material to staining caused by cranberry juice, black coffee, and red wine.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed2004

Comparison of effectiveness of two 10% carbamide peroxide tooth-bleaching systems using spectrophotometric measurements.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the color changes achieved with two commonly used bleaching systems on the basis of a spectrophotometric analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two commercially available 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching systems were used by a total of 48 individuals. Subjects who had intact natural maxillary anterior teeth void of any restorations or decay that had not been subjected to any prior bleaching were included. Opalescence 10% PF (Ultradent Products Inc., South Jordan, UT, USA) was used by 23 patients for 14 days, whereas Nite White Excel (Discus Dental, Culver City, CA, USA) was applied by 25 patients for the same duration. Tooth colors for the middle one-third region of maxillary central incisors and canines were measured with a spectrophotometer prior to bleaching and after 14 days of bleaching. Color difference deltaE and color coordinates L* (lightness), a* (redness), and b* (yellowness) of CIELAB color system (developed by the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage) were calculated. RESULTS: Mean deltaE values for Opalescence ranged from 5.03 to 8.92 and from 5.84 to 9.61 for Nite White. The most significant factor of the color change was b* followed by L* and a*. L* values were higher after bleaching, whereas values for both a* and b* decreased. There were no significant differences between the two systems examined (p < .05).

Adult↗