Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “THYMOL”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

The efficiency of dentine adhesives in treating non-caries cervical lesions.

The aim of this study was to prove the hypothesis that dentine adhesives can be used as therapeutic material in treating dentine hypersensitivity, regardless of aetiology. The research was conducted on 492 students of Zagreb University School of Dental Medicine (154 male, 338 female), 20-25-years-old. The defects of the tooth neck were found in 38 patients, on 133 teeth (38 of male patients, 95 of female) and dentine hypersensitivity was recorded according to the subjective sensations of patients. Therapeutic characteristics of three adhesive materials were examined simultaneously: All Bond 2, fourth generation adhesive, Syntac Single Component and One Step, fifth generation adhesives. Teeth treated with dentine lacquer Cervitec were used as a control group. Tooth necks were treated with selected materials according to instructions of a manufacturer. A completed statistical survey of the results has clearly shown that dentine adhesives can be used in symptomatic therapy of dentine hypersensitivity of the non-caries cervical lesions (NCCL). The survey has also shown that dentine adhesives of the fifth generation (Syntac Single Component and One Step) have much higher efficiency rate than dentine adhesives of the fourth generation (All Bond 2) and dentine lacquer (Cervitec). According to data complied through this study the conclusion can be brought forward that dentine adhesives are not a final solution to the problem of dentine hypersensitivity, because their efficiency decreases with time.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Effects of various methods of chlorhexidine application on shear bond strength.

Chlorhexidine has been applied on the teeth and over orthodontic appliances during treatment in order to reduce bacterial colonization. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the application of chlorhexidine with or without a sealant, to the etched enamel will affect the shear bond strength and the bracket/adhesive failure modes of orthodontic brackets. A total of 132 extracted third molars were cleaned and then divided into 6 groups of at least 20 teeth each. The teeth were etched with a 37% phosphoric acid gel and a sealant was applied in 5 of the groups. Stainless steel orthodontic brackets were then bonded with the Transbond XT bonding system. The chlorhexidine was applied to the teeth either as a prophylactic paste or as a varnish under the following conditions: (1) as a varnish over the bracket and tooth surfaces after the bonding procedure was completed; (2) as a prophylactic paste containing 0.12% chlorhexidine over the intact enamel i.e., before etching; (3) mixed with the sealant and applied to the etched enamel before bonding, (4) as a varnish applied to the etched enamel with no sealant used; (5) as a varnish over the light cured sealant; and (6) as a varnish over the sealant before the sealant was light cured. All teeth were mounted in phenolic rings and stored in deionized water at 37 degrees C for 48 hours. A Zwick Universal Testing Machine was used to determine shear bond strengths. The residual adhesive on the enamel surface was evaluated with the Adhesive Remnant Index. The analysis of variance and chi square tests were used to compare the six groups. Significance was predetermined at the p < or = 0.05. The findings in this study indicated that shear bond strength was not significantly affected when chlorhexidine was applied; (1) over the bracket and tooth surfaces after the bonding procedure was completed (mean = 12.3 +/- 3.1 MPa), (2) as a prophylactic paste over the unetched enamel surface before the bonding procedure is initiated (mean = 9.6 +/- 2.3 MPa), and (3) when the varnish was premixed with the sealant and applied on the etched enamel surface (mean 11.8 +/- 2.1 MPa). On the other hand, in all the experimental groups in which the chlorhexidine varnish was applied as a layer on the etched enamel surface or over the sealant, shear bond strength values and bracket failure rates were of a magnitude that made them clinically unacceptable.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1988

The role of the priming fluid in the metabolic response to cardiopulmonary bypass in children of less than 15 kg body weight undergoing open-heart surgery.

The major metabolic response to open-heart surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass has been shown in adults to be modified by the components of the pump priming fluid. This effect is likely to be more significant in children. Data on 29 children less than 15 kg body weight are presented. Patients were randomised to receive a prime containing one of three crystalloid priming fluids: 100% Hartmann's (H), 50% Hartmann's + 50% 5%-Dextrose (HD), or 100% Plasmalyte 148 (P). The remainder of the prime was CPD stored blood and the prime was buffered with sodium bicarbonate. Severe hyperglycaemia 22.4 +/- 1.3 mmol/l occurred during bypass in the HD group but moderate hyperglycaemia occurred in the other prime groups. Hyperlactataemia occurred in all prime groups during bypass and was highest in the H prime group at 3.9 +/- 0.4 mmol/l. These changes in intermediary metabolites were only partly explained by the crystalloid components of the priming fluid. A subsiduary study revealed the important contribution of CPD stored blood to those intermediary metabolite concentrations. Therefore, the well recognised changes in intermediary metabolites as components of the metabolic response to surgery, namely hyperglycaemia and hyperlactataemia were augmented by the composition of the priming fluids. In addition, CPD stored blood and the sodium bicarbonate buffer increased the sodium concentration of the prime to hypernatraemic levels in both the H and P groups which caused an increase in sodium concentration during bypass. Therefore important changes during bypass occur as a direct result of the individual components of the priming fluid. These changes may result in osmolal flux, hyperglycaemia and hyperlactataemia, all of which have been reported to be potentially harmful.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed2001

Effects of combined application of antimicrobial and fluoride varnishes in orthodontic patients.

A randomized prospective clinical study, with 220 patients scheduled for fixed orthodontic therapy, was conducted to test the hypothesis that application of an antimicrobial varnish in combination with a fluoride varnish (group 1) is significantly more efficient in reducing white spot lesions on the labial surfaces than application of the fluoride varnish alone (group 2). The effects of the antimicrobial varnish on the occurrence of gingivitis and plaque formation were also studied. A third aim was to investigate whether white spot lesion development could be predicted early during treatment. The antimicrobial varnish significantly reduced the number of mutans streptococci in plaque during the first 48 weeks of treatment. This effect did not result in significantly less development of white spot lesions on the labial surfaces compared with the group receiving only the fluoride varnish application. There was however a clear trend that the combination of the antimicrobial and fluoride varnishes more effectively reduced the increments of new lesions on the maxillary incisors. It was speculated that this could be due partly to an inhibiting effect of the antimicrobial varnish in an area with low oral clearance (with low pH and loss of fluoride) and partly to an inhibiting effect of the varnish on mutans streptococci. No significant differences between the groups with respect to gingivitis and plaque were found. Lesion development was difficult to predict early after bonding, despite a number of caries-relevant parameters of orthodontic importance. The best predictors for white spot lesions at debonding were visible plaque and mutans streptococci (eg, the level of oral hygiene and thus the cariogenic challenge) around the appliance shortly after bonding.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Hydrophilic region of lecithin membranes studied by bromothymol blue and effects of an inhalation anesthetic, enflurane.

A pH-indicator dye, bromothymol blue, was used to probe the hydrophilic surface of dimyristoyl-, dipalmitoyl-, and distearoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer vesicles. The apparent pK of the surface-adsorbed dye was larger than the bulk pK value. The contribution of the choline positive charge on the dissociation constant of the dye adsorbed on the vesicle surface was estimated by screening the charge interaction with 2 M KCl. The effective surface potentials interacting with the dye were thus estimated to be 33.2, 45.6, and 46.8 mV, respectively, for the dimyristoyl-, dipalmitoyl-, and distearoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles. From the differences between the obtained effective potentials and the calculated surface potentials of the charge-determining plane of the choline head, the distances between the prototropic part of the dye and the choline charge-determining plane were estimated to be 10.5, 8.0, and 7.8 A, respectively. These values were obtained at 25 degrees C; the dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine membrane was in the liquid-crystalline phase and the other two were in the solid gel phase. Addition of an inhalation anesthetic, enflurane, decreased the distance in the dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles and increased the distance in the dipalmitoyl- and distearoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles. The increase of precessional motion of choline head by the inhalation anesthetic is apparently responsible for the changes.

Bromthymol Blue↗
PubMed2003

Bactericidal activity of herbal extracts.

The antimicrobial activity of total herbal extracts has been investigated. The MIC of extracts of Evodia rutaecarpa and grape kernel ranged between 0.25 and 1 mg/ml against gram-positive cocci and P. aeruginosa. Cocci were killed after 30-90 min of incubation in grape kernel extract (0.5-1.5 mg/ml), and after 8 h in evodia extract (0.5-1 mg/ml), respectively. C. albicans was only susceptible to evodia (MIC 0.5 mg/ml). The organic solvents of the preparations contributed to the antibacterial effect of herbal extracts with MICs of ethanol between 4 and 10 vol% and those of methanol between 6 and 10 vol%. Taking this into consideration, mastic and thyme extracts exerted hardly any microbicidal activity, while grape kernel extract and evodia were still effective at 2- to 6-fold dilutions below the MIC of the solvent. Because of the weak antimicrobial activity of total herbal extracts we recommend to give preference to preparations of single or more purified compounds.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2004

Effect of topical applications of a chlorhexidine/thymol-containing varnish on fissure caries assessed by laser fluorescence.

The aim of this study was to monitor the effect of an antibacterial varnish using the readings of a caries-detecting device (DIAGNOdent) in fissures of young permanent molars. The material consisted of 32 healthy patients with a mean age of 14.1 years undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. The inclusion criteria were presence of one homologous pair of 2nd upper or lower molars with clinically intact occlusal surfaces. A split-mouth study design was used in which the fissures were treated with either an antibacterial chlorhexidine/thymol-containing varnish or a placebo varnish every 6th week. The follow-up period was 42 weeks and laser fluorescence (LF) readings were carried out every 12th week. The mean LF values increased significantly (P < 0.05) after 24, 36, and 48 weeks compared to baseline following the placebo treatments but not after treatment with the active antibacterial varnish. During the study period, micro-cavities were diagnosed in two test-treated and five placebo-treated teeth. In conclusion, the results reinforce previous findings that frequent applications of a chlorhexidine/thymol-containing dental varnish might have a protective role in fissures of young permanent molars and that this could be monitored with a chair-side caries detecting LF device.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

MYCOTOX and aflatoxicosis in quails.

1. This study was to evaluate the toxic effects of aflatoxin (AF) on growth performance of quail, and to determine the preventive efficacy of MYCOTOX (oxicinol, tymol, micronised yeast). 2. One hundred and eighty 1-d-old quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) of both sexes were weighed and randomly divided into 4 experimental groups each with 5 replicates of 9 birds. 3. There were 4 dietary treatments: (1) control with 0 mg AF/kg diet and 0% MYCOTOX; (2) 0 mg AF/kg diet and 0.5% MYCOTOX; (3) 2.5 mg AF/kg diet and 0% MYCOTOX; (4) 2.5 mg AF/kg diet plus 0.5% MYCOTOX. The chicks were maintained on these treatments to 3 weeks of age. Quail consumed the diets and water ad libitum. 4. Body weight (BW) gains in groups receiving AF alone were the lowest at all periods. Feed intake was lowest in the group consuming the AF diet. The addition of MYCOTOX to the AF diet did not prevent or reduce the toxic effects of AF on feed intake at any time period. Feeding diets containing MYCOTOX alone did not change feed intake significantly. With the exception of the 1 to 7 d period, feed conversion of chicks fed the AF diet was similar to those of the other experimental groups. 5. Bursa of Fabricius weight decreased, whereas the relative weights of liver, kidney and spleen increased in quail consuming diets containing AF and AF plus MYCOTOX. Liver colour was normal in the control and MYCOTOX alone group, but was lighter in groups fed AF. 6. The results indicated that MYCOTOX was not effective in preventing the deleterious effects of AF.

Aflatoxins↗