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At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Doppler echocardiography in the genesis of precordial murmurs in patients with morphological changes of the thorax of the pectus excavatum type].

A complete Doppler effect echocardiographical study was performed on 15 patients with pectus excavatum type deformations of the chest (first, second, and third degree of hollowing). Fourth-degree patients were excluded, since they proved unable to cooperate fully when lying down. An ATL Mark I 500 B Eco Doppler was used in M mode. A typical tricuspid pattern was observed. This was clearly superimposed on the aortic wall, with its D point closely conjoined to the anterior part of the vessel. This finding was obtained by bringing the sound to the 5th intercostal space, in a vertical instead of a medio-lateral orientation. The Doppler effect was normal at the low atrium, mitral, left ventricular efflux chamber almost at the level of the aortic valve, giving rise to a mixed spectral curve, with an aortic shape in the systole and a tricuspid shape in the diastole. A sample volume at the lung level resulted in a spectral curve turning negatively. There was distinct turbulence at its nadir, even though the examination was performed in complete expiratory apnoea. This lung flow turbulence indicated that the acoustic observation of a systolic murmur in some patients was attributable to partial compression exerted by the sunken sternum on the pulmonary artery or its left branch.

Echocardiography↗
PubMed1994

Hepatobiliary study. Left hepatic lobe herniation into the thorax.

After a motor vehicle accident, an 18-year-old woman reported cough and dyspnea. A chest radiograph revealed an intrathoracic mass blending with the cardiac shadow. Hepatobiliary imaging showed that this was due to herniation of the left hepatic lobe and a portion of the right lobe and gallbladder into the right hemithorax.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Vertical field MR imaging of upper thorax and spine in small children. Evaluation of a new surface coil.

To improve image quality in a vertical field MR imaging unit, operating at low field strength (0.3 T), we have designed a half-elliptical coil for use in the upper thoracic region of small children. Our intention was also to shorten the examination time, which until now has been long, because several scans with different coils have been necessary to cover the thoracic region. The experimental coil is designed so that a child's shoulders fit into the central region. The coil consists of 2 serially connected cable-loops, mounted on a foam rubber vest. The coil performance was tested in a phantom and improvements relative to standard coils were demonstrated in in vivo studies. The results indicate that by using the half-elliptical coil, the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio can be improved by a factor of 2 to 3 in the thoracic region of a child.

Child↗
PubMed1993

[Cardiopathy due to therapeutic irradiation of the thorax. The diagnostic criteria].

Between January 1, 1985 and June 30, 1992, 37 patients (25 women and 12 men, aged 13-65 years) who had undergone a radiation treatment to the anterior chest and mediastinum, were admitted to our Institution for cardiac evaluation, which included left and right heart catheterisation in all, but 3 patients. Seventeen had signs or symptoms of ischaemic heart disease, in 8 a pericardial disease was suspected, 5 had a complete heart block, 4 were in congestive heart failure caused by valvular dysfunction, and 3 had a dilated, hypokinetic left ventricle. Diagnostic criteria in these patients were as follows. Stenoses of the coronary ostia were always considered to be caused by radiation damage, in the absence of coronary risk factors. Obstructions of other coronary segments were taken to be of X-ray origin only when accompanied by damage to other cardiac structures. Pericardial lesions were always reckoned to be of X-ray origin in the absence of other recognisable causes. The same held true for aortic stenosis or insufficiency of any degree and for mitral insufficiency > or = 3+. Cases of complete heart block were diagnosed according to Slama's criteria. A restrictive cardiomyopathy was recognised only in patients operated on for pericardiectomy, in whom clinical or haemodynamic signs of "constriction" persisted after the operation, or extensive subendocardial fibrosis was found at biopsy. According to the above-mentioned criteria, it was established that radiation therapy was the cause of the cardiac problems in 19 cases: 4 with ischaemic symptoms, 8 with pericardial disease, 4 with complete atrioventricular block, and 3 with valvular disease and congestive heart failure. Coronary ostial lesions were found in all patients with angina, and in 8 of the 14 patients without angina (in 1 the coronary arteries were not investigated), and were critical in 4. Eleven patients were operated on. A myocardial revascularisation was performed in 7 cases, a pericardiectomy in 6, a valve replacement or repair was done in 4. A combined procedure was performed in 4 instances. A pacemaker was implanted in 3 cases, 2 patients had a pericardial drainage, and 3 patients continued their medical treatment. Of the 11 operated patients, 1 died at surgery, in refractory cardiac failure, from what was suspected to be a restrictive disease (normal preoperative left ventricular volume and ejection fraction, extensive myocardial fibrosis at autopsy).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Nodular lesions simulated on an anthropomorphic thoracic phantom. A comparison between analog and digital images of the thorax].

Aim of this work is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of different modalities of digital radiology, compared with conventional radiology, in the detection of lung nodules. Forty images of an anthropomorphic chest phantom, on which simulated nodules had been previously set, were analyzed by 6 radiologists with 4 different viewing modalities: a) conventional radiography; b) photostimulable plates digital radiography; c) photostimulable plates digital image on dedicated monitor; d) conventional radiography digitized with Film Laser Digitizer and viewed on Display Workstation. For each image the radiologists had to transfer on a sketch the site of the detected nodules giving an opinion on their detectability (uncertain-presumable-probable-certain presence) with a 1 to 4 score. The statistical analysis of the results was made using modified ROC curves. No statistically significant difference was found between the areas under a) and c) ROC curves (p = 0.262). A statistically significant difference resulted between the areas under a) and d) ROC curves (p < 0.05) and, particularly, between the a) and b) areas (p < 0.001), in favor of a).

False Positive Reactions↗