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At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Mechanism of renal concentration of technetium-99m glucoheptonate.

Seventy female Sprague-Dawley rats were studied to determine the mechanism of tubular localization and the effects of commonly encountered changes in hydration and acid-base balance on renal uptake and urinary excretion of technetium-99m glucoheptonate ([99mTc]GHA). The in-vivo protein binding and protein-free plasma clearance of [99mTc]GHA also were quantitated. Twenty additional rats were studied to determine the effects of PAH competition and probenecid blockade on renal uptake of [99mTc]dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) in comparison with their effects on [99mTc]GHA localization. Kidney uptake of [99mTc]GHA averaged 11.17 +/- 0.49 (s.e.)% of the injected dose in control animals. This varied slightly among groups but was significantly reduced by probenecid blockade and para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) competition to 4.08 +/- 0.55 (p less than 0.005) and 2.39 +/- 0.14 (p less than 0.005), respectively. Technetium-99m DMSA was not affected in its renal accumulation by these maneuvers. The total plasma clearance of [99mTc]GHA was lower than iodine-125(125I)iothalamate but the clearance of the protein free supernate was higher, raising a possibility of some tubular secretion. Acidification of the urine which has been shown to reduce [99mTc]DMSA uptake appeared to have no effect on [99mTc]GHA. Hepatic uptake was minimal in all groups averaging less than 1% injected dose. These data demonstrate that renal accumulation of [99mTc]GHA is blocked by probenecid and PAH suggesting that it is actively concentrated in the proximal tubule by enzyme systems similar to those involved in PAH and hippuran transport. It appears that [99mTc]GHA uptake measures a different aspect of kidney function than [99mTc]DMSA.

Acid-Base Imbalance↗
PubMed1985

Radionuclide imaging of the urinary tract.

This article describes the role of nuclear medicine in the evaluation of the genitourinary tract. The technical aspects of radionuclide imaging (radiopharmaceuticals, radiation dosimetry, instrumentation, and method) are briefly presented, and each of the indications for renal scintigraphy--including the evaluation of differential renal function, hypertension, obstruction, renal transplants, masses, trauma, congenital anomalies, vesicoureteral reflux, and infection--are discussed. The relative advantages and disadvantages of radionuclide imaging with respect to alternative radiographic examinations (such as intravenous urography, ultrasonography, CT, angiography, and magnetic resonance imaging) are emphasized wherever applicable.

Graft Rejection↗
PubMed1985

[The use of 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid renoscintigraphy in the evaluation of differential renal function].

We studied the total and differential renal function by 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renoscintigraphy and present a formula to estimate the renal depth for the Japanese and the attenuation coefficient which influenced renal uptake. Total renal uptake of 99mTc-DMSA correlated well with creatinine clearance and with the PSP test, and there was a close correlation between its relative uptake and relative function as determined by 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) renography. Therefore differential renal function test with 99mTc-DMSA renoscintigraphy was found to have clinical utility. We also demonstrated 99mTc-DMSA renoscintigraphy provided useful morphological information.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Percutaneous renal cyst puncture].

Ultrasound-guided renal cyst puncture was performed on 31 cysts which were then 95% ethanol instilled to prevent recurrence of cystic fluid. Ethanol was allowed to remain in place for 20 minutes and removed through the catheter. Morphological improvement was observed on IVP and Tc-99m-DMSA renal scintigram, and DMSA renal uptake rate increased slightly. The cystic wall became thicker, and cystic fluid did not remain any more. The renal tissue near the cyst was intact. One third of the patients had hotflush and/or somewhat drunken sense but these symptoms were only temporary. This method of therapy is a safe and effective way of treating renal cysts.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Renal function study by 99mTc-DMSA renal scintigraphy in each treatment of staghorn calculi].

From 1976 through 1984, 94 staghorn calculi of 86 patients were treated in this department. Kidney function was assessed by Tc-DMSA renal scintigraphy consisting of renal cortical imaging and DMSA renal uptake rate, in 84 kidneys preoperatively and 43 kidneys pre- and postoperatively. There was an increase in the postoperative DMSA renal uptake in the operated kidney, in 3 out of 14 kidneys in which pyelolithotomy was performed and in one out of 10 kidneys in which nephrolithotomy was done. It was still impossible to answer the question of which mode of operation should be chosen only from consideration of kidney function study. But it was suggested by the statistical investigation that nephrectomy seemed to be selected in the case of severely decreased renal function. It was reasonable that pyelolithotomy was the best method from the point of predicting the postoperative recovery of renal function. But in the near future, advances in endoscopical stone surgery and extracorporeal procedures, might reduce the damage of the renal function caused by conventional stone surgery.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Comparative antidotal effects of diethyldithiocarbamate, dimercaptosuccinate, and diethylenetriaminepentaacetate against cadmium-induced testicular toxicity in mice.

The compounds diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC, Dithiocarb), 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) were evaluated for effectiveness in protecting mouse testes following administration of an LD100 dose of CdCl2 X 2.5 H2O (Cd). Toxicologic responses were assessed by light microscopic techniques. DTPA gave the most effective testicular protection of the three compounds when given within 30 minutes prior to Cd, but only DDTC was effective when given 30 minutes or longer after Cd. Degenerative changes were minimal when DDTC was given as late as three hours after Cd, and were mild following a four-hour interval. However, the changes were marked, but less severe than in mice receiving Cd only, when DDTC was administered five hours after Cd.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Disposition of [14C]dimercaptosuccinic acid in mice.

Dimercaptosuccinic acid labeled with 14C ([14C]DMSA) was administered to mice iv; the mice were frozen by immersion in dry ice/hexane at 6 and 20 min and 1, 3, 9, and 24 hr after injection. The frozen mice were sectioned and processed for whole-body autoradiography for soluble substances. The radioactivity was highly localized in extracellular fluids such as the subcutaneous, intrapleural, intraperitoneal, and periosteal spaces. There was a pronounced accumulation in the periosteal fluid above that in other fluids during the first hour after injection. Most of the radioactivity was eliminated by the kidney and liver. Pretreatment of a mouse with HgCl2 subcutaneously 1 hr before [14C]DMSA produced an increase in radioactivity in the liver and decrease in lung. A high concentration of radioactivity was seen at the subcutaneous site of injection of the HgCl2. The results are interpreted to indicate that most of the DMSA is in the extracellular space but that it can cross cellular membranes to some extent. The pronounced accumulation in periosteal fluid may be an interaction of DMSA with Ca2+ in this space. No tissue had a pronounced retention of the compound, but lung retained more than most other tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Failure to visualize acutely injured kidneys with technetium-99m DMSA does not preclude recoverable function.

A 35-yr-old patient developed severe acute tubular necrosis requiring hemodialysis. A [99mTc]dimercaptosuccinic acid scan of the kidneys showed no renal uptake at 4 or 24 hr, but the patient subsequently recovered normal renal function as judged by a normal serum creatinine. Based on this case report and a review of the literature, one cannot assume irreversible loss of function in patients with acute renal failure, based on the absence of radiopharmaceutical uptake by the kidneys.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1986

Detection of diffuse glomerular lesions in rats: I. Comparisons of conventional radioactive agents.

Conventional renal diagnostic agents, [131I]hippuran, [99mTc]glucoheptonate (GHA), and [99mTc] dimercaptosuccinate (DMS) were compared with [99mTc] or [111In] diethylenetriaminepentaacetic (DTPA) for the detection of glomerular damage in rats compared with controls. The glomerular lesions were induced by the i.v. injection of puromycin aminonucleoside (PA) 9 days before the radionuclide studies, a model of spontaneous "minimal change" glomerulonephritis in humans. Computer-generated early renal uptake of [99mTc]DTPA or GHA correlated with the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) quantitated by biexponential plasma clearance of DTPA administered by single i.v. injection. The early renal uptake of hippuran and DMS correlated poorly with GFR as assessed by DTPA clearance. However, the 2-hr renal retention of DMS correlated well with the DTPA clearance. None of the parameters measured with [131I]hippuran correlated well with DTPA clearance, probably because of decreased protein plasma binding of hippuran secondary to hypoproteinemia in this experimental model. It was concluded that none of these agents was superior to labeled DTPA for the detection of glomerular damage in this experimental model.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Adrenal gland scintigraphy].

The exact localization of adrenal lesions can be achieved by noninvasive procedures. Whereas radiological methods reflect morphological changes, scintigraphy of adrenal cortex and medulla depends on function. - Radiolabeled 6 beta-methyl-19-norcholesterol is used for adrenocortical scintigraphy in primary aldosteronism, Cushing's syndrome and hyperandrogenism. By dexamethasone suppression a correct classification of adrenocortical lesions by scintigraphy can be observed in about 89% with a specificity of 86%. 123-I- and 131-I-metaiodobenzylguanidine is used for specific scintigraphy of the adrenal medulla. This method is a safe and reliable method for localization of adrenal and extraadrenal pheochromocytomas.

19-Iodocholesterol↗
PubMed1986

Advantage of indium-111 leukocytes over ultrasound in imaging an infected renal cyst.

Indium-111-labeled leukocyte scanning is a highly sensitive and specific method of detecting abscesses. This report describes a patient with polycystic kidneys and a single infected cyst. Ultrasound could not determine which cyst was infected, but the infected cyst could be localized by [111In]leukocyte imaging in conjunction with a [99mTc]DMSA renal scan. The two radionuclide studies were used to identify an infected renal cyst and direct ultrasound guided aspiration.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Potential pitfall of DMSA scintigraphy in patients with ureteral duplication.

A 5-wk-old male presented with radiographic findings of a duplicated collecting system. A [99mTc]DMSA scan was requested to evaluate cortical function. Images obtained immediately. postinjection showed activity restricted to the upper poles; in contrast, delayed images at 4 hr showed activity in the bladder and throughout both kidneys. Catheterizing the patient drained the activity from the bladder but had little effect on the refluxed renal activity. The early [99mTc]DMSA images were critical in making the proper interpretation. Technetium-99m DMSA is excreted into the urine and this fact needs to be considered when interpreting scans of patients with possible reflux or obstruction. When DMSA scans are obtained in pediatric patients with possible reflux, catheterization prior to the study and early images prior to the appearance of DMSA in the collecting system are recommended.

Humans↗