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At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Asymptomatic bronchial hyperresponsiveness in adolescents and young adults.

The clinical significance of asymptomatic bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) is not well-known. The aim of this study was to explore, in a cross-sectional analysis, the characteristics of adolescent subjects with asymptomatic BHR, as compared to nonhyperresponsive subjects and those with symptomatic BHR. The subjects were selected by date of birth from the register of general practitioners. The hypothesis that both asymptomatic and symptomatic BHR are related to early childhood lower respiratory tract infections was also tested, in a historical cohort analysis. Respiratory morbidity was studied in early childhood and BHR in adolescence and young adulthood, in a population of 551 subjects aged 10-23 yrs. Morbidity had been recorded prospectively since birth in the general practice. Data on chronic respiratory symptoms, smoking behaviour, airways obstruction, BHR and allergy were collected during this investigation. BHR was present in 42% of the subjects, of which 70% were asymptomatic. The occurrence of symptomatic BHR was related to acute bronchitis in early childhood, allergy, airways obstruction and recent asthma, acute bronchitis and hay fever; whereas, asymptomatic BHR was not. Characteristics of subjects with asymptomatic BHR did not differ significantly from those without BHR, with respect to these factors. We conclude that asymptomatic bronchial hyperresponsiveness in adolescence and young adulthood is not related to lower respiratory infections in early childhood. Furthermore, subjects with asymptomatic bronchial hyperresponsiveness have similar characteristics to those without bronchial hyperresponsiveness, but differ strongly from subjects with symptomatic hyperresponsiveness. Asymptomatic bronchial hyperresponsiveness may not be the link between early childhood lower respiratory morbidity and asthma in later life, nor a risk factor for later asthma.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

Association between infection of the respiratory tract attributable to bovine coronavirus and health and growth performance of cattle in feedlots.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between respiratory tract infection with bovine coronavirus (BCV), treatment for respiratory tract disease, pulmonary lesions at slaughter, and average daily gain in cattle in feedlots. ANIMALS: 837 calves in feedlots in Ohio and Texas. PROCEDURE: Nasal swab specimens were obtained from cattle at arrival in a feedlot (day 0) and at various times during the initial 28 days after arrival. Specimens were tested for BCV, using an antigen-capture ELISA. Serum samples were obtained at arrival and again 28 days after arrival and tested for antibodies to BCV, using an antibody-detection ELISA. Information was collected regarding treatment for cattle with respiratory tract disease and average daily gain during the feeding period. Pulmonary lesions were evaluated at slaughter. RESULTS: Cattle shedding BCV from the nasal cavity and developing an antibody response against BCV were 1.6 times more likely to require treatment for respiratory tract disease than cattle that did not shed the virus or develop an immune response against BCV. Additionally, cattle that shed BCV from the nasal cavity were 2.2 times more likely to have pulmonary lesions at slaughter than cattle that did not shed the virus. The BCV shedding or seroconversion status did not affect average daily gain. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Bovine coronavirus infects feedlot cattle and is associated with an increased risk for cattle developing respiratory tract disease and pulmonary lesions. Development of appropriate control measures could help reduce the incidence of respiratory tract disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Comparison of nested polymerase chain reaction, virus isolation, and fluorescent antibody testing for identifying feline herpesvirus in cats with conjunctivitis.

OBJECTIVE: To compare nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), virus isolation (VI), and fluorescent antibody (FA) testing to detect feline herpesvirus (FHV) in cats with naturally acquired conjunctivitis or respiratory tract disease, or both. SAMPLES: Swab and microbrush specimens from the conjunctiva and throat were taken from 46 cats, allotted to 3 groups (conjunctivitis only, respiratory tract disease and conjunctivitis, and clinically normal). PROCEDURE: Cells from microbrush specimens were digested and herpesvirus DNA was amplified, using a double round of PCR. Products were detected by use of agarose gel electrophoresis. The VI and FA tests were performed in routine manner. RESULTS: Of 16 cats with conjunctivitis only, conjunctival specimens from 8 and throat specimens from 8 were FHV positive by PCR. None had positive results of VI or FA testing. Of 15 cats with respiratory tract disease and conjunctivitis, conjunctival specimens from 13 and throat specimens from 12 were FHV positive by PCR. A conjunctival specimen from 1 cat and throat specimens from 3 cats were FHV positive by VI. A conjunctival specimen from 1 cat was FHV positive by FA testing. Of 15 clinically normal cats, conjunctival and throat specimens from 2 cats were FHV positive by PCR; neither conjunctival nor throat specimens from these cats were FHV positive by VI or FA testing. CONCLUSION: For cats with respiratory tract disease and conjunctivitis, or with conjunctivitis only, nested PCR was more sensitive at detecting FHV than was VI or FA testing. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Nested PCR is a more sensitive test than the currently available VI and FA tests for identifying FHV in cats with conjunctivitis.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Infectious diseases in children admitted from a residential child care centre.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the pattern of infectious diseases among children admitted from a residential child care centre and to identify any unusual clusters of admissions. DESIGN: Retrospective case review. SETTING: Regional hospital, Hong Kong. PATIENTS: All children from a residential child care centre aged over 28 days who were admitted from the Accident and Emergency Department to paediatric wards for infections from 1 January 1999 to 31 December 2003. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographic data, clinical diagnoses, infectious diseases identified, and incidence and seasonal pattern of various infections. RESULTS: Of 267 children admitted to the hospital over the 5-year period, 221 had infectious diseases. Respiratory tract infections, viral exanthema, and gastroenteritis were present in 83.7%, 7.2%, and 5.9%, respectively. Among those with a respiratory tract infection, 22.7%, 9.2%, and 8.6% had respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, and influenza A or B viruses, respectively. Two unusual clusters of respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus were recognised in late 2003. CONCLUSION: Children in this residential child care centre were at risk of infectious diseases. Respiratory tract infection is the most common infectious disease in this centre. An outbreak of respiratory tract infection was recognised. Further efforts may be necessary to improve infection control measures in this setting.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Smoke-filled rooms and lower respiratory disease in infants.

Of 132 infants with severe lower respiratory tract disease, 70% had a history of daily heavy smoke exposure from cooking and/or heating fires. Only 33% of 18 infants free of respiratory problems had such exposure. Wood smoke is a potent risk factor in the development of severe lower respiratory tract disease in infants. Lower social class, and sibling and parental symptoms (often cited as risk factors), may also be expressions of the same smoke-filled room. Parents of newborn infants should be told to keep smoke away from their baby, especially if ethnic traditions predicate exposure.

Humans↗