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REPORTS IODINE-131 FALLOUT FROM UNDERGROUND TESTS.

Evidence that the fallout of iodine-131 in the Midwest during May 1962 originated in Nevada is provided by data on air trajectories, radioactivity in milk, and other findings. Selective escape of radioiodine from vented explosions, and the rapid transfer of iodine from the lower atmosphere to the biosphere, place, significance on even minor releases of radioactive fission products from subsurface nuclear explosions.

Animals↗

Isotope studies in the Caspian Sea.

Oceanographic and isotopic investigations in the Caspian Sea and the analyses of the available data on the discharge to the sea and the observed sea level changes suggest that climatically caused changes of river inflow are the major cause of the sea level fluctuations over the last century. Hydrogen-3 and 3H-3He data indicate that the deep basins of the sea are rapidly ventilated, although the hydraulic turnover time of the sea is approximately 200 years. The concentration levels of the anthropogenic radionuclides 90Sr, 137Cs and 239,240Pu in the water column can be explained by global fallout and therefore, at the sampling sites visited, there were no signs of dumping of radioactive wastes. The anthropogenic radionuclide data support the idea of fast exchange of water masses in the Caspian Sea. The isotopic and oceanographic data collected during the cruises have shown potential to allow for a better understanding of the water circulation in the Caspian Sea.

Nuclear Reactors↗

Appearance of a spring maximum in nuclear test debris in 1960.

The existence of a spring maximum in fallout deposition due to the disruption of the tropopause in middle latitudes has been debated for the past several years. Evidence obtained from air filters indicates elevated levels of radioactivity from nuclear tests in surface air during April through July 1960.

Radioactive Fallout↗