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PubMed1979

Amine content of vaginal fluid from untreated and treated patients with nonspecific vaginitis.

We examined the vaginal washings from patients with nonspecific vaginitis (NSV) to seek biochemical markers and possible explanations for the signs and symptoms of this syndrome. Seven amines were identified including methylamine, isobutylamine, putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, tyramine, and phenethylamine. These amines may contribute to the symptoms of NSV and may contribute to the elevated pH of the vaginal discharge. They may also be partly responsible for the "fishy" odor that is characteristic of vaginal discharges from these patients. Among the seven amines, putrescine and cadaverine were the most abundant and were present in all vaginal discharges from each of ten patients before treatment. These amines are produced in vitro during growth of mixed vaginal bacteria in chemically defined medium, presumably by decarboxylation of the corresponding amino acids. We hypothesize the anaerobic vaginal organisms, previously shown to be quantitatively increased in NSV, are responsible for the amine production, because metronidazole inhibited the production of amines by vaginal bacteria in vitro, and Haemophilus vaginalis did not produce amines. H. vaginalis did release high concentrations of pyruvic acid and of amino acids during growth in peptone-starch-dextrose medium, whereas, other vaginal flora consumed both pyruvic acid and amino acids in the same medium during growth. These findings suggest that a symbiotic relationship may exist between H. vaginalis and other vaginal flora in patients with NSV.

Amines↗
PubMed1984

Maturation of the fetal lung II. Effect of hyperoxia on phosphatidic acid phosphatase, pyruvate kinase and superoxide dismutase activity in the newborn rat lung.

Oxygen-induced lung toxicity was studied in newborn rats. Three-day-old rats were exposed to 85-90% oxygen or air for 48 h. The activity of pulmonary antioxidant defenses, as measured by the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), showed a progressive increase in activity. The activity of phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAPase) showed a statistically significant decrease in the oxygen-poisoned lung. In the activity of pulmonary pyruvate kinase no significant change occurred. After two days of oxygen exposure (FiO2 085-0.9) marked histological changes appeared including an increased number of interstitial cells, atelectasis, pulmonary oedema, diminution of lamellar content, loose lamellar bodies and increasing tubular myelin in the alveolar space.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Thiamine deficit in acute alcoholic psychoses].

In 35 females and 22 males with acute alcoholic disorders and in 44 individuals of a control group the author studied the indices of thiamine balance--the content of thiamine and pyruvic acid in the blood and urine, concentration of citric acid in the blood, activity of transketolase of erythrocytes and TDP-effect. The results demonstrated that a thiamide deficiency in excretion and insufficiency in coenzyme functions of oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvic acid and in the pentose cycle is seen not only in alcoholic psychoses, but in the withdrawal syndrome. Sex differences of these indices and their development were not noted. It is assumed that the clinical traits of alcoholic disorders in females are not related to changes in the thiamine metabolism.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2006

Digestive enzymes and metabolic profile of Labeo rohita fingerlings fed diets with different crude protein levels.

Labeo rohita, commonly called rohu is one of the most important fish species for aquaculture in India. Digestive enzyme response and metabolic profile of fingerling L. rohita to different dietary crude protein (CP) levels (viz. 25, 30, 35 and 40%) were studied in an attempt to optimize a practical diet formulation for this species. After 45 days of feeding, activity of digestive enzymes and metabolite concentrations were assayed. Amylase, lipase and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were not influenced by the dietary protein, but proteolytic and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities varied (P<0.05) between the treatments. Proteolytic activity showed a second order polynomial relationship with dietary crude protein (CP) as Y = 0.0734X(2) + 4.937X - 68.37, r(2)=0.97. A positive correlation was observed between dietary CP and amylase (r(2)=0.78). All the metabolites except muscle glucose showed significant change corresponding to the dietary protein levels. Glucose and glycogen levels corresponded to the dietary carbohydrate levels. Muscle and plasma pyruvic acid increased as the crude protein in the diet increased, whereas liver pyruvic acid showed the opposite trend. Muscle protein content was not affected by dietary CP. Protein fractions in plasma (total protein, albumin and globulin) showed maximum values in 30% CP fed group. It is concluded that proteolytic activity and ACP are the major digestive enzymes responsive to dietary CP in L. rohita fingerlings. Considering the cost effectiveness of the diet, and based on liver and plasma free amino acid levels and plasma protein fractions, 30% crude protein is recommended as the optimal dietary protein for L. rohita fingerlings.

Animal Feed↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hypotensive effect of the hydralazine--acetone hydrazone in conscious rabbits: evidence for its back-conversion to hydralazine in vivo.

The hydralazine--acetone hydrazone (HAH) has previously been identified as a metabolite of hydralazine (H) in humans. We compared the hypotensive effects of HAH and H in groups of hypertensive rabbits. Both compounds caused a dose-dependent depressor response, with a potency ratio of HAH to H of approximately 0.2. Upon their intravenous administration to anephric rabbits, both H and HAH produced sustained concentrations in plasma of the H-pyruvic acid hydrazone, demonstrating that back-conversion of HAH to H occurred in vivo. We conclude that HAH is hydrolyzed in vivo to yield parent H. The levels of the H-metabolite, the pyruvic acid hydrazone, suggest that the hypotensive effect of HAH could be explained entirely by generation of H in vivo. This combined pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic approach can be applied to other H-hydrazones to evaluate their backconversion to H in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Biochemical control of thiamine status in neurotic patients].

It is well established that the glucose represents the main energy source of the brain and that its metabolism supposes the presence of the vitamin B1. On the other hand, it is known that in industrialized countries, the consume (absolute or relative) of products without vitamin B1 (sugar, strong drinks) or containing it insufficiently (preparations derived from flours of low extraction, canned foods) registered a noticeable growth. On account of these premises, we made the hypothesis that the thiamino-glucidic unbalance to which the modern consumer is exposed, could be a factor contributing to the appearance of neurosis, which present now an increased incidence. In order to verify this hypothesis, we studied the vitamin B1 nutritional status in 65 patients recently taken to hospital with "nerosis sick", as well as with 49 healty subjects, who served as controls. We determined the spontaneous thiaminury (concentration, morning hourly debit and per gramme of creatinine), the provoked thiaminury (by means of an loading test, unpublished yet), as well as the erythrocyte transketolase activity and the pyruvic acid in the blood and in the urines (concentration and debit per gramme of creatinine) Compared with the control group, the patients of neurosis the average thiamin excretion was twice reduced, the transketolase activity diminished by 22 per cent, while the pyruvic acid level in blood and its renal elimination were increased by 31-38 per cent (p less than 0,001). After the vitamin B1 treatment, the values changed significatively (p less than 0,05), approaching those found in the healty subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Characterization of composite aminodeoxyisochorismate synthase and aminodeoxyisochorismate lyase activities of anthranilate synthase.

Anthranilate synthase [chorismate pyruvatelyase (amino-accepting), E.C.4.1.3.27] catalyzes the formation of anthranilate (o-aminobenzoate) and pyruvic acid from chorismate and glutamine. A mutant form of the enzyme from Salmonella typhimurium accumulates a compound that we had isolated and identified as trans-6-amino-5-[(1-carboxyethenyl)-oxy]-1,3- cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylic acid, commonly called aminodeoxyisochorismate (ADIC). Here we report that ADIC is formed by a reversible, Mg(2+)-dependent ADIC synthase activity of anthranilate synthase that can be functionally uncoupled from a Mg(2+)-dependent ADIC lyase activity of the enzyme by single amino acid substitutions in the TrpE subunit of the anthranilate synthase complex of S. typhimurium. Both of the component activities of the enzyme are sensitive to feedback inhibition by L-tryptophan. Purified ADIC is quantitatively converted to anthranilate and pyruvic acid by the ADIC lyase activity of wild-type anthranilate synthase. ADIC also serves as a substrate for the formation of chorismate by the enzyme in the absence of glutamine and (NH4)2SO4. The rate of ADIC formation by the mutant enzyme and the steady-state parameters for ADIC utilization by the wild-type enzyme are consistent with a role for ADIC as an enzyme-bound intermediate that does not accumulate during the course of the anthranilate synthase reaction. The altered catalytic specificity of mutant anthranilate synthase enzymes suggests a potential role for ADIC in secondary metabolism.

Anthranilate Synthase↗
PubMed1988

Adhesion to dentin by means of Gluma resin.

In its present version, the Gluma system for bonding restorative resin to dentin involves the application of an enamel bonding agent prior to the composite resin. Conceivably, pretreating the dentin with solutions of amino acids, and incorporating camphorquinone and selected methacrylic monomers into the Gluma adhesive would nullify the need for the enamel bonding agent. A bond strength to dentin of 13.4 MPa was obtained in the control experiment. Using a solution of pyruvic acid and glycine as pretreatment, and an optimized adhesive mixture containing glutaraldehyde, HEMA, BIS-GMA, camphorquinone, and water, bond strengths to dentin of 14.5 MPa and to enamel of 23.3 MPa were obtained. Thus, the new Gluma bonding system gave acceptable bond strengths without the prior application of enamel bonding agents.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of thyroxine on distribution of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes and content of pyruvic and lactic acids in tissues of rats of various ages].

Distribution of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes and content of lactic and pyruvic acids were studied in the heart, kidneys and skeletal muscle of rats at the age of 1, 3, 12 and 24 months at normal state and after thyroxine administration. With age the activity of aerobic isoenzymes of LDH increases and that of hybrid anaerobic isoenzymes of LDH decreases in the heart and kidneys; in the skeletal muscle the activity of LDH5 increases and that of LDH3 and LDH4 decreases, the content of the studied acids in the heart, kidneys and skeletal muscle changes irregularly. Under the effect of thyroxine the activity of aerobic isoenzymes of LDH increases in the heart of one-month animals and in the kidneys of one- and three-month animals, as well as in the skeletal muscle of 24-month rats; the activity of LDH5 rises in the skeletal muscle of one- and three-month animals. Thyroxine causes an increase in the content of pyruvic acid in the tissues of all the studied rats.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1975

Comparative value of pyruvate determination after glucose loading and transketolase determination for the diagnosis of the Wernicke-Korsakow syndrome.

The determination of transketolase activity and of pyruvic acid after glucose loading in 20 patients with the Wernicke-Korsakow syndrome and in 14 other patients is described. Glucose loading took place after the first injection of thiamine. Normal values for transketolase were found in 10 patients with the Wernicke-Korsakow syndrome, for pyruvic acid after glucose loading in three, for both of these determinations in only one patient. The normal values found for transketolase were probably due in most cases to the administration of thiamine before admission. For practical purposes it is suggested that both determinations be done in all patients with the clinical diagnosis Wernicke-Korsakow's syndrome.

Alcohol Amnestic Disorder↗
PubMed1982

Growth-related substituent changes in exopolysaccharides of fast-growing rhizobia.

Pyruvic acid and O-acetyl groups are the major noncarbohydrate substituents in exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by fast-growing species of Rhizobium. EPS substituent variations were observed among strains of the same species. The amounts of these substituents also varied with culture age; pyruvic acid increased in the EPS of all four species, whereas O-acetyl increased in Rhizobium trifolii and R. leguminosarum EPS, decreased in R. meliloti EPS, and remained constant in R. phaseoli EPS. The use of glycerol as a substrate for R. meliloti significantly increased EPS yields, whereas mannitol increased those of the other three Rhizobium species.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

[Treatment with ubiquinone in Kearns-Sayre syndrome. Improvement in ocular motility and visual evoked potentials].

In 1985 Ogasahara observed that treatment with ubiquinone produced improvement in the cardiac conduction and the metabolism of the lactic and pyruvic acids in the Kearns-Sayre syndrome. The results of the administration of 150 mg/day of ubiquinone for 3 years in a patient diagnosed with the Kearns-Sayre syndrome is described. The patient improved notably in strength, ocular movement, visual evoked potentials and in the metabolism of lactic and pyruvic acids. Other beneficial effects reported in the literature have been improvement of ataxia and the somato-sensitive evoked potentials. No side effects have been described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Protective effect of N-acetylcysteine against arsenic-induced depletion in vivo of carbohydrate.

N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a synthetic aminothiol, possesses antioxidative and cytoprotective properties. The present study evaluates the effect of NAC supplementation on arsenic-induced depletion in vivo of carbohydrates. Arsenic (as sodium arsenite) treatment (i.p.) of male Wistar rats (120-140 g b.w.) at a dose of 5.55 mg/kg body weight (35% of LD50) per day for a period of 30 days produced a significant decrease in blood glucose level (hypoglycemia) and a fall in liver glycogen and pyruvic acid contents. The free amino acid nitrogen content of liver increased while that of kidney decreased after arsenic treatment. Arsenic also enhanced the liver lactate dehydrogenase activity whereas glucose 6-phosphatase activity in both liver and kidney decreased significantly following arsenic treatment. Transaminase activities in liver and kidney were not significantly altered except the glutamate-pyruvate transaminase activity that was reduced in kidney after arsenic treatment. Oral administration of NAC (163.2 mg/kg/day) for last 7 days of treatment prevented the arsenic-induced hypoglycemia and glycogenolytic effects to an appreciable extent. There was also recovery of liver pyruvic acid as well as liver and kidney free amino acid nitrogen content after NAC supplementation. Arsenic-induced alteration of glucose 6-phosphatase activity in both liver and kidney was also counteracted by NAC. It is suggested that carbohydrate depletion in vivo due to exposure to arsenic can be counteracted by NAC supplementation.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1991

Study of the Citrate Metabolism of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis Biovar Diacetylactis by Means of C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.

The metabolic fate of citrate and pyruvate in four strains of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis has been studied by means of C nuclear magnetic resonance, using as a substrate either [3-C]pyruvic acid or custom-synthesized citric acid that is C labeled either at carbons 2 and 4 or at carbon 3. The fermentations were carried out batchwise in modified M17 broth. For the actual conversions of the C-labeled substrates, cells at the end of their logarithmic growth phase were used to minimize the conversion to lactic acid. A mass balance of the main citric acid metabolites was obtained; the four strains produced from 50 to 70% (on a molar basis) lactic acid from either citrate or pyruvate. The remaining 50 to 30% was converted mainly to either alpha-acetolactic acid (for one strain) or acetoin (for the other three strains). One of the strains produced an exceptionally high concentration of the diacetyl precursor alpha-acetolactic acid. Another strain (SDC6) also produced alpha-acetolactic acid, but this was decarboxylated to acetoin at a high rate. The C nuclear magnetic resonance method confirmed that the biosynthesis of alpha-acetolactic acid occurs via condensation of pyruvate and "active" acetaldehyde. Diacetyl was not found as a direct metabolite of citrate or pyruvate metabolism.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

A new approach to the modification of cell membrane glycosphingolipids: ganglioside composition of JTC-12 P3 cells altered by feeding with galactose as a sole carbohydrate source in protein- and lipid-free synthetic medium.

A significant difference in the glycosphingolipid composition of JTC-12 P3 cells established from monkey kidney tissue was observed when cells cultured in a protein- and lipid-free synthetic medium containing glucose (DM-160) as a sole carbohydrate source were transferred and cultured in the same medium containing galactose and pyruvic acid (DM-170) in place of glucose. In particular, the amounts of gangliosides GM3, GM2, and GD3 in the cells cultured in DM-170 were 5.3-, 17.8-, and more than 8-fold those in the cells cultured in DM-160, respectively, indicating that anabolism of gangliosides is greatly enhanced in cells cultured in the presence of galactose and pyruvic acid, as compared with cells cultured in the presence of glucose. In fact, after cultivation of cells in the medium with N-acetyl-D-[14C]mannosamine for 96 h, the radioactivity incorporated into the gangliosides of the cells in DM-170 was 10-fold that of the cells in DM-160. Among the gangliosides of the cells in DM-170, highly sialylated molecules such as GD3, GD1a, GD1b, and GT1b were preferentially labeled, indicating that the sialyltransferases responsible for the synthesis of gangliosides are significantly more activated in cells cultured in DM-170 than in DM-160. These observations reveal that the glycosphingolipid composition of the plasma membrane can be modified epigenetically under well-defined conditions and provide important clues for clarifying the roles of glycosphingolipids associated with particular cell functions.

Animals↗