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The acute respiratory insufficiency (ARI) is a complicating syndrome in many severe, primarily not the lungs affecting internal and chirurgical diseases. As result of activation of classic cascade-systems, gas diffusion disturbance, right-left shunt and lung restriction occur. The effecting global respiratory insufficiency is only to prevent by polypragmatic therapy but often lung fibrosis terminates medical efforts.
A total of 59 bird fanciers suffering from alveolitis were examined, of them 23 with alveolitis of bronchitis type, 24 with alveolitis of pneumonic type and 11 alveolitis of fibrosing type. In all 3 variants of a course of alveolitis the obstructive syndrome was the main sign of functional disturbances. Intrapulmonary gas exchange disturbances slightly expressed in alveolitis of bronchitis type and pneumonic type, acquired greater importance in fibrosing alveolitis. The absence of restrictive changes in the patients could result from weakly expressed fibrosing of the pulmonary tissue, its combination with emphysematous-dystrophic changes as well as with lung hyperinflation as a result of disturbances in bronchial permeability.
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The aerobic power during maximal exercise was studied in 58 males with traumatic spinal cord lesions from C4 to L4 (25 well-trained "world-class athletes" and 33 untrained). For comparison we tested five well arm-trained and five arm-untrained able-bodied subjects. During maximal wheelchair exercise the aerobic power (VO2 peak), pulmonary ventilation and blood lactate concentration was higher in subjects with lower levels of spinal cord injury. At each injury level above C6-C7, nearly all trained subjects reached higher VO2 peaks than untrained subjects with the corresponding level of lesion. The mean values for trained paraplegic persons were 2.16 +/- 0.38 l x min-1, corresponding to 33.6 +/- 6.7 ml x kg-1 x min-1. The peak heart rate was lower in the quadriplegic than in the paraplegic group with no or only small difference between trained and untrained subjects at the same level of spinal cord injury. Spinal cord lesions with pareses reduce the total active skeletal muscle mass. This can cause physical inactivity, medical complications and social isolation. As a consequence, cardiovascular disorders as cause of death is higher in this group compared to the general population. Therefore, one aim of rehabilitation is to increase the individual's performance in daily life activities. It has been shown that the normal daily life activities of quadri- and paraplegic individuals with no additional physical training are not intense enough to maintain a satisfactory level of physical fitness.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Bird fancier's lung is a typical manifestation of extrinsic allergic alveolitis. In 107 cases with etiologically and histologically verified diagnosis tests of pulmonary function and hemodynamics were performed at admission to hospital and after 2-3 years of allergen abstinence and therapy. Acute forms of disease show distinct functional improvement, while chronic forms lead to increasing impairment.
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In this review article, the effects of old age on lung structure and function are discussed. Changes in lung morphology and biochemistry are correlated with changes in lung mechanics and gas exchange, as well as with the respiratory system's adaptability to the stresses of exercise and sleep. The effects of aging on the lungs' defense mechanisms are related to pulmonary diseases of the elderly.
What is high frequency ventilation? Is it useful or just another transatlantic fad? Apart from appearing to break all the rules of physiology, this technique has definite advantages over conventional ventilation in certain areas and great potential in others.
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