Family planning programs in developing countries.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Contraception↗
SEARCH · Search PubMed
Results for “Program Development”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Building a professional environment in long-term care. The role of clinical career development.
1. To be successful, an organizational career development program must include a differentiation of the responsibilities for which the various parties (employer, employee, career counselor) will be held accountable. 2. Project outcomes revealed that the career mobility program was attractive to nursing personnel and facility management personnel alike. However, it was more attractive to nonlicensed than licensed personnel. 3. Of the staff who participated and were promoted, the majority remained in their jobs. The program was most successful in enhancing retention with personnel who received within-level promotions. 4. The process of career development requires collaboration and support from all levels of leadership and staff throughout the organization. A career development program, including a career mobility program with a strong career counseling component, can serve as a catalyst in professionalizing the long-term care work environment.
Career Mobility↗
Strategies for developing innovative programs in international medical education. A viewpoint from Africa.
Postgraduate medical education is an important factor in Africa's present emphasis on health care as a basis for socioeconomic development. Such education must be relevant to the realities of health problems in Africa. The priority of most African governments is training in traditional health care management and in fields related to community- and problem-based medicine. Presently, opportunities for such training exist in only seven centers throughout Africa. A model health care system, offered by most national governments, is described. This system, which includes district, provincial, and central levels of care, delivers over 80% of health services, and it is within such a system that nationals returning from postgraduate medical education abroad will function. Problems currently associated with these systems are the shortages of expertise in the areas of management, logistics, informatics, and resources mobilization, as well as the generally low literacy of the community. Africa also needs more teachers in the basic sciences, further development of biomedical research, courses in continuing education, particularly for field workers in isolated areas, short courses on investigative techniques, and goal-oriented research aimed at solving public health problems in the student's country.
Africa↗
Mental health needs assessment of Tucson's urban Native American population.
This report presents the design, implementation, and results of a 1992 mental health needs assessment of Tucson's urban American Indians. The study was conducted under the auspices of the Traditional Indian Alliance (TIA) of Greater Tucson, Inc. TIA is a community-based, non-profit corporation committed to addressing the health and social welfare issues of Tucson's American Indians. As a result of having provided health and social services since 1974, TIA recognized that there were many unmet needs for culturally sensitive American Indian mental health programs. The organization established a goal of assessing the mental health needs of Tucson's urban American Indians in order to obtain the information needed to enhance program development and the provision of services. This survey was conducted in order for Traditional Indian Alliance to enhance its mental health program development and improve the provision of mental health services to Tucson's urban American Indians. The specific objectives of this study on Tucson's urban American Indian population included documentation of (a) the nature of socioeconomic problems that might have a psychological effect, (b) the existence of psychological distress, and (c) the types of available support systems and their utilization.
Adolescent↗
Dracunculiasis eradication: target 1995.
Substantial progress has been achieved over the past 3 years by the campaign to eradicate dracunculiasis. The target of eradication by 1995 has been set by the African Regional Office of the World Health Organization and accepted by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the United Nations Development Program. India and Pakistan continue to reduce their cases of the disease dramatically. In Africa, Ghana and Nigeria conducted national village-by-village searches in 1988-1990 and, between them, found greater than 800,000 cases of the disease. Most African countries have now prepared national plans of action, appointed national coordinators, and intend to use UNICEF's assistance to conduct national searches by the end of 1990. An international donors' conference held in 1989 facilitated major new assistance for the initiative by UNICEF, the United Nations Development Program, the United States Agency for International Development, the Japanese International Cooperation Agency, the Peace Corps, the American Cyanamid Company, and DuPont. The World Health Organization held a meeting early in 1990 to draft criteria and recommend the process for certifying achievement of elimination of dracunculiasis in formerly endemic countries. The major remaining obstacles to eradication of dracunculiasis by 1995 are civil wars in northeastern Africa and the apathy of some national and international officials.
Africa↗
Evaluation in the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
The evaluation policy of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) is described in this article. Three studies are presented that exemplify SAMHSA's evaluations. These include evaluations of a program to prevent substance abuse among pregnant and postpartum women and their infants; a Job Corps treatment enrichment program; and the McKinney program for homeless persons with severe mental illnesses. Each of these evaluations demonstrated the effectiveness of the programs in reducing substance abuse or homelessness and in improving the health and well-being of the consumers served. SAMHSA will use the results of these and similar evaluations to guide policy and program development. Through its evaluations, SAMHSA must identify effective approaches to prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation. By using its evaluation results to guide policy and program development, SAMHSA aims to improve the quality of the public system of substance abuse and mental health services.
Adolescent↗
The prevention of unintentional injury among American Indian and Alaska Native children: a subject review. Committee on Native American Child Health and Committee on Injury and Poison Prevention. American Academy of Pediatrics.
Among ethnic groups in the United States, American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) children experience the highest rates of injury mortality and morbidity. Injury mortality rates for AI/AN children have decreased during the past quarter century, but remain almost double the rate for all children in the United States. The Indian Health Service (IHS), the federal agency with the primary responsibility for the health care of AI/AN people, has sponsored an internationally recognized injury prevention program designed to reduce the risk of injury death by addressing community-specific risk factors. Model programs developed by the IHS and tribal governments have led to successful outcomes in motor vehicle occupant safety, drowning prevention, and fire safety. Injury prevention programs in tribal communities require special attention to the sovereignty of tribal governments and the unique cultural aspects of health care and communication. Pediatricians working with AI/AN children on reservations or in urban environments are strongly urged to collaborate with tribes and the IHS to create community-based coalitions and develop programs to address highly preventable injury-related mortality and morbidity. Strong advocacy also is needed to promote childhood injury prevention as an important priority for federal agencies and tribes.
Alaska↗
Parents' perspectives on quality in family support programs.
Support services for families who have a member with developmental disabilities are a growing component of many state mental health systems. Family empowerment is a key principle of these programs, but parents and the staff who work with them are often challenged in their efforts to have parents participate in policy development, program management, and evaluation of programs. The use of nominal group techniques is described as a means of identifying factors parents believe characterize quality family support programs. Parents' identified factors are then compared with factors from a theoretical framework for quality. Parents stressed access to information, adherence to empowerment philosophy, and the importance of interpersonal relationships with staff. Parents placed less emphasis on factors generally found in accreditation criteria.
Adolescent↗
Successfully establishing laparoscopic surgery programs in developing countries. Clinical results and lessons learned.
BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic surgery has not been widely established in developing countries due to the lack of access to training and lack of money. We describe our experience using on-site training programs to efficiently teach and propagate laparoscopic surgery in Leon, Nicaragua; La Paz, Bolivia; and Santa Cruz, Bolivia. METHODS: A group of well-trained and motivated local surgeons was identified in each country as the initial target for teaching. Participants were taught basic and advanced laparoscopic surgery during on-site didactics, animal laboratories, and proctoring sessions. Follow-up courses were held until the target group of surgeons was capable of independently teaching and supervising laparoscopic surgery among other surgeons in each country. RESULTS: Multiple technical and logistic difficulties were encountered. In Leon, Nicaragua, and La Paz, Bolivia, a total of eight surgeons were fully trained and proctored in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In La Paz and Santa Cruz, Bolivia, a total of seven surgeons were instructed in advanced laparoscopic procedures. To date, over 180 patients have undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy or advanced procedures with a morbidity similar to that reported in literature series in the United States. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience demonstrates that in spite of numerous limitations, basic and laparoscopic surgery can be efficiently and safely taught in developing countries. Many lessons were learned in how to safely and efficiently use laparoscopic equipment and instruments within strict financial constraints.
Clinical Competence↗
Changing behaviors. Nurse educators and clinical nurse specialists design a discharge planning program.
In this article, the authors describe a discharge planning program developed for geriatric and maternal-child nurses at Mount Sinai Medical Center. King's theory of goal attainment was used in the program design and teach strategies were selected that matched behavioral objectives in the cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domain. Evaluation methods include participants' pre- and post-surveys regarding their comfort in implementing discharge planning and concurrent review of their documentation 1 month after the program. After participating in the program, staff nurses displayed a change in behavior in terms of increased documentation relating to discharge planning.
Education, Nursing, Continuing↗
Basic skills for hospital pharmacy technicians: development of a programmed training manual.
The development of a programmed training manual to teach basic skills to hospital pharmacy technicians is described. Steps in the development of the manual included reviewing pertinent literature, writing a job description for a pharmacy technician position, performing a task analysis, writing learning objectives and sequencing course content into a programmed format. Five units of the manual cover dosage forms and routes of administration, drug nomenclature, abbreviations, calculations and medication orders. The programmed format should help to provide quality, economic and efficient training for technicians.
Goals↗
Health program for VIP's.
The question about special health program for VIP's has been discussed several times. A definition of VIP is a key person either in top management or a person with unique competence in an organization. In small companies you find 5-10 VIP's, in bigger companies up to 50. Our customers indicated a positive interest in a new type of program. They were not satisfied with just a standard screening. They wanted more from screening than just dealing with symptoms of not wellbeing. Most of them had earlier joined different personal development programs. They find those programs useful with well-motivated reasons for change in life patterns. Therefore as a top management consultant, but also certified to work with lifestyle, stress and axiological profile, I was at that time training top management both as individuals and as a team. It was therefore easy for me to combine a personal development program with lifestyle-health screening. In our new program for VIP's we therefore work with both individuals and teams and with both health and personal development.
Diagnostic Tests, Routine↗
The epidemiology of poisoning: a monitoring program for developing countries.
The epidemiology of poisonings continues to challenge reliable scientific results. This paper reviews global, national and regional efforts to verify and quantify the incidence of morbidity and mortality from toxic agents, especially from agricultural pesticides. It proposes a multifactorial program be installed in a defined region to be used as a standard model for the epidemiology of poisonings.
Developing Countries↗
Dance screen programs and development of dance clinics.
Dance movements can be stressful to the body, and the required extreme positions may place physiologic structures at risk for acute, subacute, or chronic injury. The authors designed a screening program, conducted by a team of physical therapists, orthopedists, and dance instructors, to evaluate dancers for musculoskeletal problems and to make recommendations that would improve movement compensation, strength, endurance, and mobility.
Ankle↗
Early violence prevention programs: implications for violence prevention against girls and women.
This chapter considers violence prevention programs in light of aggression and violence directed toward girls and women. More specifically, current violence prevention programs, directed toward young children and/or their caregivers, are discussed with a special consideration for the Adults and Children Together (ACT) Against Violence Training Program developed by the American Psychological Association (APA) and the National Association of Education of Young Children (NAEYC). Data supporting ACT is presented, with implications for further program development and evaluation. Finally, parent education, theory and research, and professional services related to violence prevention are discussed.
Adolescent↗
University-state hospital collaboration in an inpatient psychiatric rehabilitation program.
From 1981 until present the Department of Psychology of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln has collaborated with the Lincoln Regional Center, a state hospital, on an inpatient psychiatric rehabilitation project. The University provides clinical psychology services under contract, including direct clinical services and consultation on program development. The project includes a 40-bed inpatient treatment unit, which represents a clinical training and research site for University faculty and graduate students. Program evaluation data indicate the collaboration has produced a cost-effective state-of-the-art treatment program, now considered a model for psychiatric rehabilitation services across the state. The collaboration played a key role in securing two major grants, one for specialty training for clinical psychologists in schizophrenia and psychiatric rehabilitation, one for a treatment outcome study. Facilitating factors in the project include convergence of the collaborators' professional and research interests with national and state mental health policy. Obstacles include hospital administrative policies which fail to recognize or appreciate requirements for program management and accountability, and unwillingness to recognize program leadership from nonmedical professionals.
Academies and Institutes↗
Development of a program model to evaluate the potential for reuse of single-use medical devices: results of a pilot test study.
Single-use medical devices (SUDs, or disposables) have become a major expense in hospital budgets. The need for cost reduction and the availability of sterilization technologies other than the autoclave have prompted hospitals worldwide to begin reusing disposables, in many cases without proper assessment of the true costs (time, personnel, etc) and ease/difficulty of implementation of an institutional reuse program. Our group has developed a rigorous program model to evaluate SUDs for reuse. The program comprises 3 sequential protocols: (1) device audit, (2) laboratory evaluation, and (3) clinical evaluation. Use of this model can produce scientific and financial data sufficient for any institution interested in reuse to reach an initial decision about its feasibility. In addition to the testing outcomes, regulatory requirements, the position of manufacturers and third-party reprocessors, and legal and ethical concerns must be considered. A successful reuse program must include ongoing evaluations to ensure that the safety levels and cost savings established during the initial audit and evaluation phases continue. Herein, we give the rationale and details of our program model and discuss results of our pilot application of the "ideal" protocol in a real-world context.
Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
The role of crime prevention education in healthcare security.
The author describes the crime prevention education program developed at his medical center. This program, which he has coordinated, has increased staff awareness and inspired community involvement. As a result, he says, the facility is safer--with fewer staff injuries from assaults.
Arizona↗